懸臂縱軸式掘進(jìn)機(jī)的總體設(shè)計(jì)--外文翻譯_第1頁(yè)
懸臂縱軸式掘進(jìn)機(jī)的總體設(shè)計(jì)--外文翻譯_第2頁(yè)
懸臂縱軸式掘進(jìn)機(jī)的總體設(shè)計(jì)--外文翻譯_第3頁(yè)
已閱讀5頁(yè),還剩15頁(yè)未讀, 繼續(xù)免費(fèi)閱讀

下載本文檔

版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請(qǐng)進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)

文檔簡(jiǎn)介

1、懸臂縱軸式掘進(jìn)機(jī)的總體設(shè)計(jì) 一外文翻譯外文翻譯中文譯文:懸臂縱軸式掘進(jìn)機(jī)的總體設(shè)計(jì)總體設(shè)計(jì)是機(jī)械產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)過程中的重要內(nèi)容和主要環(huán)節(jié),它是在方案設(shè)計(jì) 之后緊接著進(jìn)行的設(shè)計(jì)工作。懸臂縱軸式掘進(jìn)機(jī) (以下簡(jiǎn)稱掘進(jìn)機(jī))的總體設(shè)計(jì) 對(duì)整機(jī)性能的優(yōu)劣起著決定性的作用,并決定了各總成、系統(tǒng)、各部件之間的 協(xié)調(diào)性,統(tǒng)一性和匹配關(guān)系,從而獲得總體的高端 性能和較好的技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。掘進(jìn)機(jī)的總體設(shè)計(jì),主要包括以下內(nèi)容:1)據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書選擇機(jī)型及各部件結(jié)構(gòu)型式2)定整機(jī)的主要技術(shù)性能參數(shù),包括尺寸參數(shù)、重量參數(shù)、運(yùn)動(dòng)參數(shù)和技 術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)3) 按照總體設(shè)計(jì)的性能要求,確定整機(jī)系統(tǒng)的組成及它們之間的匹配性 以及各個(gè)部件的

2、主要技術(shù)參數(shù)4)進(jìn)行必要的總體計(jì)算,并繪制傳動(dòng)、液壓、電控系統(tǒng)圖等。1. 選定該機(jī)型和各個(gè)部件及其結(jié)構(gòu)型式、驅(qū)動(dòng)方式、并進(jìn)行總 體的合理布置該項(xiàng)內(nèi)容在確定前,首先應(yīng)滿足設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書的內(nèi)容,特別是用戶提出的主 要要求經(jīng)過調(diào)研,雙方反復(fù)交換意見,達(dá)到既能滿足用戶(或上級(jí))條件,又能較好的符合本企業(yè)產(chǎn)品發(fā)展的總體規(guī)劃。1)機(jī)型的選定根據(jù)掘進(jìn)機(jī)的用途,是用于煤礦井下巷道的掘進(jìn)還是用于其他行業(yè)的工程 作業(yè),掘進(jìn)機(jī)的工作條件是用于截割煤巷還是半煤巖巷,煤巖的單向抗壓強(qiáng)度 (或普氏系數(shù)f值)及巖石的磨蝕系數(shù)。同時(shí)應(yīng)對(duì)照行標(biāo) MT138199懸臂式掘 進(jìn)機(jī)的型式與參數(shù),按其截割煤巖的最大單向抗壓強(qiáng)度,選定機(jī)型的

3、類別。2)各部件結(jié)構(gòu)型式、驅(qū)動(dòng)方式的確定掘進(jìn)機(jī)一般由截割機(jī)構(gòu)、裝運(yùn)機(jī)構(gòu)、行走機(jī)構(gòu)、液壓系統(tǒng)、電控系統(tǒng)及輔 助裝置(如除塵裝置、安全裝置、遙控 監(jiān)測(cè)裝置)等組成。a.截割機(jī)構(gòu)。截割機(jī)構(gòu)的驅(qū)動(dòng)方式由交流電動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng),在傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)中一般 設(shè)齒形聯(lián)軸節(jié),不設(shè)機(jī)械式過載保護(hù)裝置,經(jīng)兩級(jí)行星減速器帶動(dòng)主軸前端的 截割頭。部分?jǐn)嗝婢蜻M(jìn)機(jī)的工作機(jī)構(gòu)有截鏈?zhǔn)健A盤銑削式和懸臂截割式等。因懸 臂截割式掘進(jìn)機(jī)機(jī)體靈活、體積較小,可截出各種形狀和斷面的巷道,并能實(shí) 現(xiàn)選擇性截割,而且截割效果好,掘進(jìn)速度較高;所以,現(xiàn)在主要采用懸臂截 割式,并已成為當(dāng)前掘進(jìn)機(jī)工作機(jī)構(gòu)的一種基本型式。按截割頭的布置方式,分為縱軸和橫軸式兩種

4、。縱軸式截割頭的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是:傳動(dòng)方便、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊,能截出任意形狀的斷面, 易于獲得較為平整的斷面,有利于采用內(nèi)伸縮懸臂,可挖柱窩或水溝。截割頭 的形狀有圓柱形、圓錐形和圓錐加圓柱形,由于后兩種截割頭利于鉆進(jìn),并使 截割表面較平整,故使用較多。這種工作機(jī)構(gòu)的缺點(diǎn)是:由于縱軸式截割頭在 橫向擺動(dòng)截割時(shí)的反作用力不通過機(jī)器中心,與懸臂形成的力矩使掘進(jìn)機(jī)產(chǎn)生 較大的振動(dòng),故穩(wěn)定性較差。因此,在煤巷掘進(jìn)時(shí),需加大機(jī)身重量或裝設(shè)輔 助支撐裝置。目前,這種掘進(jìn)機(jī)在部分?jǐn)嗝婢蜻M(jìn)機(jī)中使用較多。b裝運(yùn)機(jī)構(gòu)。它一般由裝載機(jī)構(gòu)和中間輸送機(jī)組成。它們可采用分別驅(qū)動(dòng) 或集中聯(lián)動(dòng)方式,既可用交流電動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng),也可用液壓馬達(dá)驅(qū)動(dòng)。耙

5、爪式是利用一對(duì)交替動(dòng)作的耙爪來不斷地耙取物料并裝入轉(zhuǎn)載運(yùn)輸機(jī) 構(gòu)。這種方式結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、工作可靠、外形尺寸小、裝載效果好,目前應(yīng)用很普 遍。但這種裝載機(jī)構(gòu)寬度受限制(因?yàn)榫蜻M(jìn)機(jī)工作時(shí)履帶行走機(jī)構(gòu)一般不調(diào)動(dòng)) 為擴(kuò)大裝載寬度,可使鏟板連同整個(gè)耙爪機(jī)構(gòu)一起水平擺動(dòng),或設(shè)計(jì)成雙耙爪 機(jī)構(gòu),以擴(kuò)大裝載范圍。星輪式機(jī)構(gòu)比耙爪式簡(jiǎn)單、強(qiáng)度高、工作可靠,但裝大塊物料的能力較差。裝載機(jī)構(gòu)方案是既能裝設(shè)耙爪式也可裝設(shè)星輪式,兩者可以互換使用。通 常,應(yīng)選擇耙爪式裝載機(jī)構(gòu),但考慮裝載寬度問題,可選擇雙耙爪機(jī)構(gòu),也可 設(shè)計(jì)成耙爪與星輪可互換的裝載機(jī)構(gòu)。部分?jǐn)嗝婢蜻M(jìn)機(jī)多采用刮板鏈?zhǔn)捷斔蜋C(jī) 構(gòu)。輸送機(jī)構(gòu)一般是由機(jī)尾向機(jī)頭方

6、向傾斜向上布置的。輸送機(jī)構(gòu)可采用聯(lián)合 驅(qū)動(dòng)方式,即將電動(dòng)機(jī)或液壓馬達(dá)和減速器布置在刮板輸送機(jī)靠近機(jī)身一側(cè), 在驅(qū)動(dòng)裝載機(jī)構(gòu)同時(shí),間接地以輸送機(jī)構(gòu)機(jī)尾為主動(dòng)軸帶動(dòng)刮板輸送機(jī)構(gòu)工作。 這樣傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)中元件少、機(jī)構(gòu)比較簡(jiǎn)單,但裝載與輸送機(jī)構(gòu)二者運(yùn)動(dòng)相牽連, 相互影響大。由于該位置空間較小布置較困難。輸送機(jī)構(gòu)采用獨(dú)立的驅(qū)動(dòng)方式,即將電動(dòng)機(jī)或液壓馬達(dá)布置在遠(yuǎn)離機(jī)器的 一端,通過減速裝置驅(qū)動(dòng)輸送機(jī)構(gòu)。這種驅(qū)動(dòng)方式的傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)布置簡(jiǎn)單,和裝 載機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)動(dòng)互不影響。但由于傳動(dòng)裝置和動(dòng)力元件較多,故障點(diǎn)有所增加。目前,這兩種輸送機(jī)構(gòu)均有采用,設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)應(yīng)酌情確定。一般常采用與裝載 機(jī)構(gòu)相同的驅(qū)動(dòng)方式。裝載機(jī)構(gòu)可以采用電

7、動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng),也可用液壓馬達(dá)驅(qū)動(dòng)。但考慮工作環(huán)境潮 濕、有泥水,選用液壓馬達(dá)驅(qū)動(dòng)為好。c 行走機(jī)構(gòu)。行走機(jī)構(gòu)一般采用履帶型式,履帶式行走機(jī)構(gòu)適用于底板不 平或松軟的條件,不需修路鋪軌。具有牽引能力大,機(jī)動(dòng)性能好、工作可靠、 調(diào)動(dòng)靈活和對(duì)底板適應(yīng)性好等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。但其結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、零部件磨損較嚴(yán)重。目前 部分?jǐn)嗝婢蜻M(jìn)機(jī)通常采用履帶式行走機(jī)構(gòu)。兩條履帶分別由各自的動(dòng)力來驅(qū)動(dòng), 可實(shí)現(xiàn)原地轉(zhuǎn)向。履帶的驅(qū)動(dòng)動(dòng)力有電動(dòng)機(jī)和液壓馬達(dá)兩種,電動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)一般 只設(shè)置一種行走速度,液壓馬達(dá)驅(qū)動(dòng)可采用低速大扭矩馬達(dá)直接帶動(dòng)履帶鏈輪, 或采用中速液壓馬達(dá)減速器帶動(dòng)履帶鏈輪的傳動(dòng)方式,它可實(shí)現(xiàn)無極調(diào)速。履帶結(jié)構(gòu)型式有滑動(dòng)和滾動(dòng)兩種,

8、 當(dāng)機(jī)器調(diào)動(dòng)速度w 10m/min的中、輕型掘 進(jìn)機(jī),宜采用滑動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)型式;當(dāng)機(jī)器的調(diào)動(dòng)速度 >10m/min的重型、特重型掘進(jìn) 機(jī),應(yīng)采用滾動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)型式。d 液壓系統(tǒng)。液壓系統(tǒng)多采用開式系統(tǒng)多路閥集中控制(直接操縱或遙控操縱)方式。以往國(guó)內(nèi)外多采用齒輪泵,近年來掘進(jìn)機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng)采用柱塞泵有增 多的趨勢(shì)。e.電控系統(tǒng)。電控系統(tǒng)包括動(dòng)力部分、控制部分和檢測(cè)部分。電控系統(tǒng)必須按照煤礦井下防爆要求設(shè)計(jì)、制造、檢驗(yàn),必須符合GB3836-2000標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的有關(guān)規(guī)定和要求。為了提高掘進(jìn)機(jī)在作業(yè)時(shí)的安全性,操作的靈活性以及機(jī)械傳動(dòng)部分的故障診斷及監(jiān)控功能,從實(shí)用角度考慮,裝設(shè)必要的離機(jī)遙控裝置、 測(cè)控壓力、

9、溫度、液位及關(guān)鍵部位的故障診斷裝置。3) 總體布置總體布置的內(nèi)容包括以下幾個(gè)方面:(1) 確定各部件在整機(jī)說的位置,并對(duì)外形尺寸提出要求;(2) 確定各部件、部件與整機(jī)之間的連接方式;(3) 估算整機(jī)重量,并對(duì)各部件的重量提出要求;(4) 布置各操縱機(jī)構(gòu)、司機(jī)座位等;(5) 審核個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)部件的運(yùn)動(dòng)空間,排除可能發(fā)生的運(yùn)動(dòng)干涉。4) 具體要求在掘進(jìn)機(jī)總體布置時(shí),需注意以下問題:(1) 工作機(jī)構(gòu)減速器減速器的進(jìn)、出軸盡量同軸線;(2) 懸臂和鏟板的尺寸關(guān)系相適應(yīng),既有利于裝載,又要避免截割頭截割 鏟板;(3) 懸臂的水平和垂直擺動(dòng)中心的位置可以重合,也可以不重合。從增加 機(jī)器的穩(wěn)定性看,擺動(dòng)這些都高

10、度應(yīng)盡量降低。在保證懸臂不與其他機(jī)構(gòu)干涉 的條件下,擺動(dòng)中心的位置應(yīng)盡量靠后,但必須保證中心在機(jī)器的縱向?qū)ΨQ平 面內(nèi);(4) 當(dāng)各主要部件設(shè)計(jì)出來之后。應(yīng)進(jìn)行校核,不滿足需求時(shí)需僅需調(diào)整, 使重心位于履帶中心稍偏前且小于 L/6 (L為履帶接地長(zhǎng)度)。此外,還需求重 心位置在截割機(jī)構(gòu)回轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)中心線之后,而且重心高度越低越好,以提高機(jī)器作 業(yè)時(shí)的穩(wěn)定性。(5) 總體布置應(yīng)考慮左右兩側(cè)重量對(duì)稱并照顧工作習(xí)慣及方便操作。司機(jī) 座一般設(shè)在機(jī)身左側(cè)、且位于機(jī)身后部,座椅高度應(yīng)保證司機(jī)的視線,使其哪 個(gè)很好地操縱機(jī)器,截割出規(guī)則的巷道;(6) 操縱臺(tái)位置要適當(dāng),應(yīng)保證司機(jī)操縱方便、省力。儀表顯示裝置的位 置

11、要便于司機(jī)觀察,又不分散司機(jī)正常操作的注意力。5) 傳動(dòng)型式及動(dòng)力元件的選擇a. 傳動(dòng)型式及元件選擇應(yīng)遵循的原則(1) 技術(shù)先進(jìn)性:能夠改善機(jī)器性能,提高生產(chǎn)率;(2) 經(jīng)濟(jì)合理性:傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)盡量簡(jiǎn)單、元件少,易加工,價(jià)格低,維修容 易,使用壽命長(zhǎng);(3) 工作可靠性:傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的可靠性表現(xiàn)為元件使用壽命,因此也是對(duì)元 件質(zhì)量的要求;(4) 適應(yīng)性:元件應(yīng)適應(yīng)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的載荷、工況及環(huán)境等條件的要求。b. 各機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的要求及傳動(dòng)型式的選擇掘進(jìn)機(jī)的截割、裝載、運(yùn)輸、行走等機(jī)構(gòu)一般均為分別傳動(dòng),各部件受力 狀態(tài)及工作條件不同,因而傳動(dòng)型式有不同的要求。(1) 工作機(jī)構(gòu)要求有較大的短時(shí)過載能力,而油

12、馬達(dá)對(duì)沖擊負(fù)荷很敏感, 過載負(fù)荷能力低,影響截割頭正常連續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。所以,掘進(jìn)機(jī)的工作機(jī)構(gòu)宜采用 電動(dòng)機(jī)為動(dòng)力的機(jī)械傳動(dòng)型式。應(yīng)利用體積小、功率大、過負(fù)荷能力強(qiáng)的專用 電動(dòng)機(jī),并配備可靠的電氣保護(hù)裝置。根據(jù)工作機(jī)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊的特點(diǎn),通常工 作機(jī)構(gòu)的減速器設(shè)在懸臂內(nèi),成為懸臂的組成部分。截割頭調(diào)速方式一般采用 配換掛輪的方法,變速機(jī)構(gòu)力求簡(jiǎn)單。(2) 耙裝機(jī)構(gòu)傳動(dòng)裝置的特點(diǎn)是:減速器需裝在尺寸有限的鏟板下部,因 而設(shè)計(jì)空間較小,工作條件惡劣。減速器經(jīng)常浸泡在煤巖泥水中,卡料時(shí)易過 載。耙裝、輸送機(jī)構(gòu)若采用機(jī)械傳動(dòng),用于電動(dòng)機(jī)尺寸較大,不便在輸送機(jī)尾 安裝,一般是在鏟板上部?jī)蓚?cè)安裝兩臺(tái)電動(dòng)機(jī),作為耙裝、

13、輸送機(jī)構(gòu)的共同動(dòng) 力,這樣勢(shì)必使減速箱的尺寸增大,在鏟板下布置較緊張。此外,考慮耙爪及 鏈板卡鏈過載情況,為保護(hù)電動(dòng)機(jī)不至燒毀,一般需要在減速器內(nèi)設(shè)安全摩擦 片離合器。耙裝、輸送機(jī)構(gòu)若采用齒輪油馬達(dá)傳動(dòng),由于尺寸小、重量輕,可使二者 分別傳動(dòng),從而簡(jiǎn)化傳動(dòng)裝置,便于在鏟板下布置,便于設(shè)計(jì)密封效果好的機(jī) 械密封或?qū)p速器與鏟板分離,同時(shí)可實(shí)現(xiàn)過載自動(dòng)保護(hù)。(3)履帶行走機(jī)構(gòu)的驅(qū)動(dòng)方式有電動(dòng)機(jī)和油馬達(dá)驅(qū)動(dòng)兩種方式。分別通過 機(jī)械減速裝置或直接由油馬達(dá)帶動(dòng)履帶的主動(dòng)鏈輪運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。機(jī)械傳動(dòng)的履帶行走機(jī)構(gòu),一般是將電動(dòng)機(jī)裝于兩條履帶減速器后部,制 動(dòng)方式采用機(jī)械液壓制動(dòng)方式。這種傳動(dòng)方式傳動(dòng)可靠性高,電動(dòng)機(jī)

14、價(jià)格低, 維修容易,但不能調(diào)速,減速箱體積較大,巷道淋水大時(shí),電動(dòng)機(jī)易受潮而燒 毀。履帶行走機(jī)構(gòu)采用液壓傳動(dòng)型式,系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)單、性能較好、技術(shù)先進(jìn)。液壓 傳動(dòng)的行走機(jī)構(gòu)中,在液壓馬達(dá)型式選擇及調(diào)速方式設(shè)計(jì)方面,有不同的方案。采用低速大扭矩馬達(dá)驅(qū)動(dòng),其特點(diǎn)是系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)單,尺寸小、重量輕,能夠?qū)?現(xiàn)無級(jí)調(diào)速及過載自動(dòng)保護(hù)。但液壓馬達(dá)傳動(dòng)復(fù)雜、制造費(fèi)用高,維護(hù)較難。采用齒輪油馬達(dá),容積效率高,耐沖擊性能好,維修容易,造價(jià)較低,一臺(tái) 10KW左右齒輪油馬達(dá)的價(jià)格只有同功率徑向柱塞馬達(dá)的1/10 ;尺寸小、重量輕。一臺(tái)10KW左右齒輪油馬達(dá)的重量,僅為同功率低速大扭矩馬達(dá)的1/18,為電動(dòng) 機(jī)重量的1/13。采

15、用齒輪油馬達(dá)后,減速器尺寸雖然較低速大扭矩馬達(dá)的大, 但較電動(dòng)式的?。∕RH-S50-13型機(jī)的減速器傳動(dòng)比i=328 )。因此可方便地將馬 達(dá)、減速器、液壓制動(dòng)閥、緊鏈裝置等安裝于履帶架中間。這種方式在技術(shù)性 能上優(yōu)于機(jī)械傳動(dòng),在經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)上優(yōu)于低速大扭矩馬達(dá)傳動(dòng)。因此具有獨(dú)特的 優(yōu)點(diǎn)。行走機(jī)構(gòu)的調(diào)速方式有兩種,一種是采用變量泵。另一種是采用分流或并 流的調(diào)速方案,如MRH-S50-13型機(jī),即在機(jī)器快速調(diào)動(dòng)時(shí),停止向裝載馬達(dá)供 油,僅向行走馬達(dá)供油,使掘進(jìn)機(jī)有兩種行走速度。2. 確定整機(jī)主要技術(shù)參數(shù)掘進(jìn)機(jī)整機(jī)主要技術(shù)參數(shù)包括尺寸參數(shù) (長(zhǎng)x寬x高)、重量參數(shù)、運(yùn)動(dòng)參 數(shù)和動(dòng)力參數(shù)。1)尺寸參

16、數(shù)整機(jī)長(zhǎng)度、寬度的大小直接與其轉(zhuǎn)彎半徑有關(guān),推薦輕型機(jī)長(zhǎng)度w7. 5m中型機(jī)長(zhǎng)度W 8. 5m重型機(jī)w 10m,對(duì)應(yīng)的寬度分別為w 1.6m,w2.5m,w 3m整機(jī)的高度直接關(guān)系到它的動(dòng)、靜態(tài)穩(wěn)定性,適應(yīng)范圍和通過性的好壞, 因此越低越好。當(dāng)今中外機(jī)型發(fā)展趨勢(shì)是矮機(jī)型,中、重型機(jī)高度1.62m特輕型、輕型機(jī)的高度1.41.6m。掘進(jìn)機(jī)可掘巷道斷面的最大、最小高度和 寬度應(yīng)滿足設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書的要求。 臥底深度250400mm離地間隙C=B/13+84(mm) B為兩履帶中心距)。中間輸送機(jī)龍門口過料高度最好為 400mm履帶接地長(zhǎng)度 L與其中心距B之比應(yīng)為L(zhǎng)/B w 1.6。2)重量參數(shù)整機(jī)自重是

17、掘進(jìn)機(jī)的一個(gè)重要參數(shù),機(jī)重太輕,工作穩(wěn)定性下降,擺動(dòng)截 割時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生擺尾現(xiàn)象、截割效率下降,截齒磨耗率增加;機(jī)重太重時(shí),機(jī)動(dòng)性 差,轉(zhuǎn)向靈活性下降。一般它的自重可按 w=(t)估算,式中N為截割機(jī)構(gòu)功率, kW V為截割頭平均截割速度,m/s;也可參照現(xiàn)有掘進(jìn)機(jī)用類比法來確定,機(jī) 重 與截割功率(kW之比為0250. 4。對(duì)于一般煤、巖底板,許用值vp>< 0.14MPa對(duì)于水軟化的泥質(zhì)頁(yè)巖底板,vp>w 0. 05MPa3)運(yùn)動(dòng)參數(shù)截割機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)動(dòng)參數(shù):截割頭的平均截割速度V:對(duì)煤巖的單向抗壓強(qiáng)度c 40MPa V=33.5m/s; c 60MPg V=22. 5m/s, c

18、>60MPa V=l2m/s。 但最終切割速度由切割技術(shù)來確定。4)動(dòng)力參數(shù)掘進(jìn)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)的動(dòng)力源都采用交流電動(dòng)機(jī)。截割機(jī)構(gòu)功率大小。實(shí)際上一般采用類比法,再結(jié)合掘進(jìn)機(jī)一些個(gè)性因素及經(jīng)驗(yàn)來確定。掘進(jìn)機(jī)在作業(yè)過程中,縱軸式和橫軸式部需要足夠的掏槽推進(jìn)力和擺動(dòng)(水平方向和垂直方向)力。根據(jù)俄羅斯(原蘇聯(lián))在實(shí)驗(yàn)室的試驗(yàn)結(jié)果得知,截割煤巖的普氏硬度f=46(相當(dāng)于0 C=4060MPa),研磨系數(shù)F=57mg/mm2截割時(shí)的擺動(dòng)力(牽 引力)Pv=(11. 34)P,P=MkRep,式中P為截割頭上的平均截割力;Rcp為截 割頭平均半徑;M為截割頭上的額定扭矩。掏槽時(shí)的進(jìn)給力(軸向推力)R; (1

19、.82.5)Pv,此力不得大于履帶對(duì)底板打滑時(shí)的極限牽引力。5)技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)Q=(m3/min),式中sx為截割頭的縱向橫截面積,m2 Vn為截割頭的截割擺 動(dòng)速度,m/mi n。掘進(jìn)機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)壽命,在國(guó)際上先進(jìn)的產(chǎn)品可達(dá)35年,在此期間它無需升 井大修,國(guó)內(nèi)產(chǎn)品一般為12年。3. 按照總體設(shè)計(jì)的要求。確定各主要部件參數(shù)及其相互之間的連 接關(guān)系1)截割機(jī)構(gòu)技術(shù)參數(shù)的確定及其連接關(guān)系(1)截割機(jī)構(gòu)技術(shù)參數(shù)的確定截割頭上的截齒排列一般為雙頭或三頭螺旋線布置方式。截割頭轉(zhuǎn)速n=2065r /min,截齒尖的平均截割速度 V=1.52. 5m/s,截割擺動(dòng)速度Vn=0.8l0m/s。截線距離t=2050

20、mm,(切煤時(shí)取大值, 切巖時(shí)取小值)。平均單刀力應(yīng)達(dá)到:f4級(jí)煤巖F > 2500N, f6級(jí)煤巖F > 5000N, f8級(jí)煤巖F > 12000N截齒安裝角最佳為45°48°。(2)截割機(jī)構(gòu)的連接截割機(jī)構(gòu)懸臂安裝在叉形架前端,叉形架固定在回轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)上,回轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)固定在 機(jī)架上。根據(jù)截割機(jī)構(gòu)在作業(yè)過程中的作用力和力矩,應(yīng)用MT475-1996懸臂式掘進(jìn)機(jī)回轉(zhuǎn)支承型式、基本參數(shù)和技術(shù)要求選定回轉(zhuǎn)支承的結(jié)構(gòu)型式,通 過計(jì)算確定回轉(zhuǎn)支承規(guī)格尺寸。如用戶對(duì)懸臂不要求有伸縮結(jié)構(gòu),一般不推薦 采用。2) 裝運(yùn)機(jī)構(gòu)參數(shù)的確定(1)裝載機(jī)構(gòu)裝載機(jī)構(gòu)與中間輸送機(jī)采用聯(lián)動(dòng)方式或單

21、動(dòng)方式,裝載機(jī)構(gòu)耙爪的轉(zhuǎn)速一 般為2548r /min。星輪的轉(zhuǎn)速可略高一些。采用液壓馬達(dá)直接驅(qū)動(dòng)時(shí),最大 輸出扭矩應(yīng)為計(jì)算額定扭矩值的1 . 5倍。鏟煤板的傾斜角一般為21 °25°, 它的寬度應(yīng)比履帶外寬大0.61.2m,下降最低位置不應(yīng)小于臥底深度上升最大 高度應(yīng)達(dá)到350400mm中間輸送機(jī)中間輸送機(jī)的鏈條可采用單鏈或雙鏈結(jié)構(gòu)形式的圓環(huán)鏈,鏈速不應(yīng)超過 0.92m/s,鏈條采用美國(guó)萬向套筒滾子鏈單鏈時(shí),鏈速不應(yīng)超過2.5m/s,般取1.62m為了滿足卸載高度的變化要求,機(jī)尾應(yīng)設(shè)多級(jí)升降液壓缸實(shí)現(xiàn)升降, 升起時(shí)的最小高度應(yīng)為受料斗高度加300mm左右。如機(jī)尾需要左右擺

22、動(dòng)時(shí),必須采用一條美國(guó)萬向套筒滾子鏈,在轉(zhuǎn)向位置的一側(cè)設(shè)置單作用液壓缸實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī) 尾左右擺動(dòng)45。,以擴(kuò)大卸載的寬度。3) 行走履帶技術(shù)參數(shù)的確定和連接關(guān)系a. 行走履帶的驅(qū)動(dòng)型式和傳動(dòng)方式有兩種,總體設(shè)計(jì)和總體布置時(shí)確定其 中一種。(1) 電動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)一大傳動(dòng)比減速器(i250)一帶動(dòng)主動(dòng)鏈輪。一般只能確定一種行走速度 57.5m/min。(2) 速大扭矩液壓馬達(dá)一直接驅(qū)動(dòng)主動(dòng)鏈輪或中高速馬達(dá)一減速箱一帶動(dòng)主動(dòng)鏈輪能實(shí)現(xiàn)快速調(diào)動(dòng)和慢速作業(yè)的需要,行走速度為010m/min的無級(jí)調(diào)速。b. 履帶傳動(dòng)的連接關(guān)系結(jié)構(gòu)型式有滑動(dòng)和滾動(dòng)兩種,滑動(dòng)式結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單,內(nèi)阻較大,對(duì)特輕型、輕型、中型掘進(jìn)機(jī)推薦采用滑動(dòng)結(jié)

23、構(gòu)式。滾動(dòng)式運(yùn)行阻力較小,履帶架底部與履 帶鏈相接觸磨損小。重型和特重型掘進(jìn)機(jī)推薦采用這種結(jié)構(gòu)型式。履帶架底部 裝設(shè)的支重輪,每個(gè)承載力應(yīng)不小于機(jī)重50%,間距一般為履帶板節(jié)距的1.5倍。4)液壓系統(tǒng)技術(shù)參數(shù)的確定液壓系統(tǒng)的技術(shù)參數(shù)的確定應(yīng)在液壓設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算后定。系統(tǒng)的額定工作壓力 不宜高于2025MPa在系統(tǒng)有液壓馬達(dá)傳動(dòng)動(dòng)力時(shí)應(yīng)設(shè)置冷卻器,系統(tǒng)中選用 串聯(lián)輪泵時(shí),額定壓力宣在20MPa以下。選用泵和馬達(dá)的安裕度應(yīng)為1.5左右。 系統(tǒng)中每個(gè)回路的溢流閥調(diào)定壓力為其額定壓力的1.82.2倍為宜。5)電控系統(tǒng)主要技術(shù)參數(shù)的確定電控系統(tǒng)的供電電壓應(yīng)按掘進(jìn)機(jī)機(jī)型大小來確定壓等級(jí),特輕型、輕型機(jī) 應(yīng)選66

24、0V,中、重型機(jī) 型應(yīng)選660V/1140V。動(dòng)力部分回路中的電器元件應(yīng)滿 足供電電的波動(dòng)范圍70%115%的要求。6)其他輔助系統(tǒng)1)外噴霧系統(tǒng),噴嘴設(shè)置在截割機(jī)構(gòu)懸臂的前端水壓為1.5 MPa。內(nèi)噴霧系統(tǒng)的噴嘴裝置設(shè)在截割頭截齒座的后面內(nèi)噴霧系統(tǒng)的壓力不低于 4MPa對(duì)截割巖石的情況下應(yīng)適當(dāng)提高水壓和水量。2)內(nèi)外噴霧系統(tǒng)總水量不得超過掘進(jìn)機(jī)實(shí)際生能力的68%,否則造成工作面煤泥積水現(xiàn)象。4. 進(jìn)行必要的總體計(jì)算及系統(tǒng)圖等在掘進(jìn)機(jī)總體設(shè)計(jì)和總體布置完成之后,整機(jī)的各個(gè)系統(tǒng)和主要部件的主 要結(jié)構(gòu)、技術(shù)參數(shù)己基本確定,對(duì)整機(jī)應(yīng)進(jìn)行必要的總體計(jì)算及系統(tǒng)圖等。1)掘進(jìn)機(jī)截割機(jī)構(gòu)動(dòng)靜態(tài)穩(wěn)定性的計(jì)算。

25、2)各部件傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)和液壓電控系統(tǒng)的功率計(jì)算。3)液壓系統(tǒng)熱平衡的計(jì)算。4)繪制傳動(dòng)、液壓、電控系統(tǒng)圖。5)繪制截割巷道斷面圖。5. 結(jié)語(yǔ)掘進(jìn)機(jī)的總體設(shè)計(jì)是掘進(jìn)機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)工程中技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)的個(gè)組成部分。它的設(shè)計(jì) 關(guān)鍵是總體性能參數(shù)的合理選擇,各個(gè)系統(tǒng)和總成的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)水平,特別是截 割機(jī)構(gòu)的切割技術(shù)顯得尤為重要。本文所述掘進(jìn)機(jī)的總體設(shè)計(jì)仍然是以傳統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)為基礎(chǔ),在動(dòng)力學(xué)、運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)、 受力計(jì)算等方面應(yīng)廣泛應(yīng)用現(xiàn)代設(shè)計(jì)方法,如概念設(shè)計(jì)、三維設(shè)計(jì)運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)、動(dòng) 力學(xué)仿真技術(shù)、有限元設(shè)計(jì)、優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)等。同時(shí),應(yīng)廣泛學(xué)習(xí)國(guó)際上這方面的 新設(shè)計(jì)方法為我所用,提高我們的設(shè)計(jì)水平,積累我們的設(shè)計(jì)經(jīng)驗(yàn),搞出安全、 可靠、性能優(yōu)良的高

26、端產(chǎn)品。英文翻譯:The vertical Boom-type Roadheader design1 IntroductionMechanical design is in the process of product design and an important part of the main links, it is followed in programme design after the design work. The vertical Boom-type roadheader (the roadheader) to the overall design of the meri

27、ts of complete machine play a decisive role, and the decision of the assembly, the system, coordination between the various components of the unity and match, to obtain the high-end performance and overall better economic efficiency technology.Roadheader design, including the following:1) According

28、to design project description choice type and various cellular construction pattern2) Decides the complete machine the main technical performance parameter, Including size parameter, heavy parameter, the parameter of movement and the technical economy refer parameter,3) According to system design pe

29、rformance requirement, definite complete machine system composition and between them match as well as each part main technical senate parameter,4) The necessary whole, and the mapping of transmission, hydraulic, electronic control systems, and other plans.2 the selected models and various components

30、 and structural type, drive, and the overall layout of the reasonableIn determining the content, first task should be designed to meet the contents, especially the users of the main demands of the investigation, the two sides exchanged views repeatedly, to satisfy both users (or superior) conditions

31、, can better meet the product development of the overall plan.2.1 the selected modelsAccording to roadheader use, for the coal mine tunnel boring or used for other sectors of the works, roadheader working conditions for cutting coal roadway or semi-Coal Lane, the compressive strength of coal and roc

32、k one-way(or the value of platts coefficient f) and the rock abrasion factor. At the same time the control line should be superscript MT138 1995 "cantilevered Roadheader types and parameters", according to cutting coal and rock the biggest one-way compressive strength, the type of selected

33、 models.2.2 the structure of the various components, the way the driver identifiedRoadheader by cutting general agencies, shipping agencies, walking, hydraulic system, electronic control systems and auxiliary devices (such as dust removal devices, security devices, remote monitoring devices) and oth

34、er components.1) Cutting agencies. Cutting the drive from AC motor-driven, in the transmission system located in the general profile coupling with no mechanical overload protection device, the two planets reducer driven spindle front of the cutting head.Some sections of the working bodies boring mac

35、hine has cut chain, disc-milling and cutting-such as cantilever. Cantilever due to the cutting-boring machine body flexible, relatively small, can cut a variety of shapes and sections of the roadway, and to achieve selective cutting, but cutting good effect, a higher rate of boring, so now used main

36、ly cantilever Cutting-and has become boring machine working body of a basic pattern.By cutting head of the layout, is divided into horizontal and vertical axis of the two.The line-cutting head of the advantages are: Transmission convenient, compact and can be cut to any shape of the profile, easy ac

37、cess to the formation of a cross-section and is conducive to expansion in the use of cantilever, or ditch digging, in Waterloo. Cutting head the shape of a cylindrical, cone and the cone and cylindrical, as the latter two cutting head to drilling, and the cutting surface than the formation, use it m

38、ore. This is the work of the shortcomings: As the longitudinal axis of cutting head in the horizontal swing at the cutting reaction force is not passed machine centres, with cantilevered form of torque to boring machine have a greater vibration, stability is poor. Therefore, the coal roadway excavat

39、ion, the need to increase the body weight or support the installation of auxiliary equipment.At present, such a boring machine in some sections of the use of more boringmachine.2) Shipment of bodies. It generally from the middle loading and conveyor components. They were driven or focus may be linke

40、d, either by AC motor drive, can also be used hydraulic motor drive.Trailing claw-is to use a turn moves the rake claws to continue to rake materials and in a reprint from transport operators. This structure is simple, reliable, small form factor, loading good effect, the application is widespread.

41、However, such institutions loading width restricted (because boring machine running track when agencies generally do not arouse). To expand the loading width, will shovel the entire harrow board, together with the claw agencies in the level of swing, or design dual rake claws, to expand the scope of

42、 loading.Institutions than the rake-wheel-claw simple, high intensity, reliable, but with less bulk materials.Loading agency programme is not only the installation of the claw-rake-wheel can also be installed, the two can be used interchangeably. Usually, the choice rake claw-loaded, but considering

43、 loading width of the problem, may choose to double rake claws, can also be designed to rake claw-round interchangeable with the loading mechanism. Some sections boring machine use of scraper chain conveyor agencies. Transportation agencies are generally undertaken by the tail to the nose tilted upw

44、ard direction of the layout. Transportation agencies can be the driver, is about to motor or hydraulic motor and reducer layout in the scraper conveyor and around the side of the fuselage, the body in the driver loading at the same time, indirectly, to transport bodies to take the initiative to the

45、tail shaft driven scraper Transportation agencies. This drive system components in small, relatively simple bodies, but loading and transportation agencies involved in the two campaigns, mutual influence. As the location less space layout more difficult.Transmission organizations to adopt an indepen

46、dent driver, is about to motor or hydraulic motor layout away from the machine side, driven by slow delivery agencies. This mode of transmission drive layout simple, and filling the campaign Hubuyingxiang. However, due to transmission and more dynamic components, the point of failure has increased.A

47、t present, the two transportation agencies are used, as appropriate, the design should be identified. General loading and institutions often use the samedrive.Loading agencies can use motor-driven, can also be used hydraulic motor drive. However, in consideration of the working environment and wet w

48、ith mud, optional hydraulic motor drive for good.3) Run institutions. Walking agencies tracked the general pattern, crawler-run institutions apply to the floor is uneven or soft conditions, no road track laying. Traction with large capacity, good mobility, reliability, flexibility and mobility on th

49、e floor adaptability of the advantages of good. But its complex structure, components and wear more serious. At present cross-section of the boring machine is usually used crawler-run institutions.Walking agencies tracked the general pattern, the two tracked separately by the respective power to dri

50、ve, to achieve in situ. Caterpillar is the driving force of two motors and hydraulic motors, motor driver is generally set up a walking speed, hydraulic motor-driven large low-speed torque motor can be driven directly tracked sprocket, or used in the hydraulic motor speed Reducer led the drive sproc

51、ket track, it can achieve Promise governor.Tracked structure of a sliding and rolling two, when the speed machine to mobilize <10 m / min in the light Roadheader, should adopt the structure of sliding when the mobilization of speed machines> 10 m / min of heavy, severe Roadheader should be use

52、d Rolling structural type.4) The hydraulic system. Hydraulic systems use of open-way valve system more centralized control (direct or remote control manipulation) way. Domesticand foreign use of the past, gear pumps, hydraulic system in recent years Roadheader used piston pump have increased the tre

53、nd.5) Electronic control system. Electronic control systems, including some power, control and inspection of the part. Electronic control system must be in accordance with the requirements of coal mine explosion-proof design, manufacture, testing, GB3836-2000 must meet the standards of the relevant

54、provisions and requirements. In order to improve operations at the Roadheaderin the security, operational flexibility and mechanical transmission part of the fault diagnosis and monitoring functions, from the practical point of view, the installation of the necessary machines from a remote control d

55、evice, monitoring pressure, temperature, level and key parts the fault diagnosis device.2.3 LayoutGeneral layout of the contents include the following:1) Identify the components in complete machine said the location, shape and size of the request;2) To identify the parts, components and the connecti

56、ons between complete machine;3) estimates complete machine weight and the weight of all components requested;4) layout of the manipulation of institutions, the driver's seat;5) examination of moving parts of the movement space, rule out the possibility of interference in the campaign.2.4 specifi

57、c requirementsBoring machine in the general layout, the need to pay attention to the following questions:1) institutions into the reducer reducer, as far as possible to coax axis;2) cantilever and spade-suited to the size of relations, not only conducive to loading, to avoid cutting the first shovel

58、 cutting board;3) the level of cantilever and vertical position can swing the center coincidence, can not overlap. From the increased stability of the machine, these are highly swing should be reduced. In the cantilever is not guaranteed to interfere with other agencies under the conditions of swing centres are located should try to rely on, but must ensure that the machines in the centre plane of vertical symmetry;4) When all the major components designed after. Checking should be carried out, does not meet requirements to b

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請(qǐng)下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請(qǐng)聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁(yè)內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文庫(kù)網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間,僅對(duì)用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對(duì)用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對(duì)任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請(qǐng)與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對(duì)自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

最新文檔

評(píng)論

0/150

提交評(píng)論