人教版高中英語必修1核心詞匯講解與訓練

1、人教必修1Unit1-Unit5核心詞匯梳理Unit 1 Friendshipupset, ignore, concern, settle, suffer, recover, add up, go through, set down, get along with, join in1. upsetadj. 心煩意亂的；不安的；不適的vt. 使不安；使心煩；弄翻；打亂（計劃等）sth upset sb 某事使某人心煩意亂sb upset sth 某人打 / 弄翻某物upset a plan 打亂計劃be upset about / over / at sth 為某事煩心upset ones st

2、omach 使（腸胃）不適eg: His strange behaviour upset his father. Dont upset yourself about the exam.Its upset him that nobody had bothered to tell him about it. It upsets me to think of her all alone in that big house.注：upset為表語形容詞，非定語形容詞；其過去式和過去分詞形式仍為upset；現(xiàn)在分詞形式為upsetting。2. ignorevt. 不理睬；不顧；忽視ignore sb /

3、 sth 不理睬某人 / 某事ignorance n. 無知；愚昧；不知道be in ignorance of / about sth 不知道某事ignorant adj. 無知的；愚昧的；不知道的be ignorant that 不知道某事be ignorant of / about sth 不知道某事eg: He ignored all the “No Smoking” signs and lit up a cigarette. We cant afford to ignore their advice. Hes completely ignorant about modern techn

4、ology.3. concern n.U關心，擔憂 C關心的人或事vt. 涉與；參與；使擔心，使操心It is no concern of mine / yours.concerned adj. 關心的，關切的，擔憂的；焦慮的（位于名詞之前）；相關的（位于名詞之后）as / so far asbe concerned 就而言；依之見be concerned about / for sth 擔心；關心be concerned in / with 與有關be concerned over / at sth 為某事憂慮concern oneself about / for 擔憂；關心concerni

5、ng prep. 關于；有關eg: There is growing concern about violence on television. The President is deeply concerned about this issue. He asked several questions concerning the future of the company. This chapter concerns itself with the historical background.注：concerned用作形容詞時意為“擔憂的；關心的”；用作后置定語時意為“相關的；有關的”。另外

6、concerning用作介詞時意為“關于；對于”。4. settlevi. 安家；定居；停留vt. 使定居；安排；解決settle down 舒適地坐下（或躺下）；定居；安靜 / 平靜下來settle in / into 習慣于；適應settle on 選定，決定settle up 付清賬單 settled adj. 穩(wěn)定的；舒適自在的settlement n. 協(xié)議，定居點eg: The company has agreed to settle out of court.Its all settled were leaving on the nine oclock plane. I sett

7、led her on the sofa and put a blanket over her.5. suffervt. 遭受，蒙受；后跟pain / defeat / loss / poverty / hunger / punishment / hardship以與表示疾病的詞。vi. 后常跟介詞from，表示“受折磨；受之苦，患某種疾病”。sufferer n. 患病者，受苦者，受難者suffering n. （肉體或精神上遭受的）痛苦，疼痛eg: Many companies are suffering from a shortage of skilled staff. He suffer

8、ed a massive heart attack. The Republican Party has just suffered a huge defeat in the polls recently.6. recovervi.&vt. 痊愈；恢復；重新獲得recover form 康復，恢復recover oneself 恢復常態(tài)recovery n. 恢復，改善eg: Liu Xiang is still recovering from his operation. It took her a few minutes to recover consciousness. She h

9、as made a full recovery from her illness.7. add up 合計addin 把加進去；包括addon (to) 附加，加上addto 在中加上add to 增加；加強（多用于抽象意義）add up to 總計；總共（不用于被動語態(tài)）in addition 另外in addition to 除之外eg: The numbers add up to exactly 100. Remember to add in the cost of drinks. A service charge of 15% was added on to the bill.8. g

10、o through 經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)受；仔細檢查；完成；用完go after 追趕go against 違反，與不符go ahead 先走；開始做；著手干go by 逝去，過去go off 離開；爆炸go on 繼續(xù)；上場；流逝go over 檢查pass through 走過；路過live through 經(jīng)歷look through 瀏覽；往里面看pull through （大病、手術后）康復eg: I always start the day by going through my . Hes amazingly cheerful considering all hes gone through

11、. Things will get easier as time goes by.9. set down 放下；記下；登記set about (doing sth) 著手（做某事）set out (to do sth) 開始，著手（做某事）set aside 留出；不顧set back （把鐘等）往回撥；推遲set free 釋放；解放set off 動身，出發(fā)；使爆炸set out 動身，出發(fā)；著手；安排，組織set up 開辦；建立；設立set an example 樹立榜樣set fire to = on fire 縱火燒eg: Passengers may be set down an

12、d picked up only at the official stops. The bad weather set back the building programme by several weeks. We need to set about finding a solution.注：set about和set out都可作“開始著手做某事”講，但set about后加doing sth，而set out后加to do sth。10. get along with 與相處；進展get along with sb 同某人相處 get along with sth 某事進展 / 進行ge

13、t about / around （消息）傳開getacross 講清楚；（使）被領會get away from 離開；脫身getback 收回，找回getdown 記下來；使悲傷 get down to 認真做，開始著手做 get in 到達；收割 get on 上車 / 船 / 飛機；繼續(xù)進行；相處 get over 克服；擺脫 get rid of 消滅，擺脫，除掉 get through （）接通；用完；通過 get together 聚會，聯(lián)歡eg: Shes never really got on well with her sister. Im not getting on ve

14、ry fast with this job. Its time I got down to thinking about that essay. Your meaning didnt really get across.11. join in 參加；加入 join up 入伍，參軍 join up with (sb) （與某人）聯(lián)合，會合 join hands (with sb)（與某人）拉起手；合伙，聯(lián)合辨析join / join in / take part in / attend / participate： join表示“加入黨派、組織、社團、俱樂部”等，如join the Party

15、 / Youth League / army / club /organization。 join in表示“參加正在進行的活動”，如join in a game / discussion / conversation / walk。亦可說：join sb in (doing) sth。 take part in表示“參加會議、活動”，側(cè)重說明主語參加并發(fā)揮一定作用，part前若有修飾語，要用不定冠詞，如take (an active) part in a party / school activities / physical labour。 attend表示“出席或參加會議、儀式、婚禮、葬

16、禮、典禮，上課，上學，聽報告”，如attend a meeting / a sports meeting / a concert / a show / school / a lecture。 participate為正式用語，和介詞in連用，表示積極地參與。eg: She listens but she never joins in. Our teacher often joins us in singing and dancing. How many countries took part in the 29th Olympic Games in Beijing? Our children

17、attend the same school.Unit 2 English around the worldnative, base, command, request, recognize, block, because of, come up, such as, play a role / part in,1. native adj. 本國的；本地的；天賦的n. 本地人；本國人be native to 原產(chǎn)于某地的，土生土長的be a native of 土生土長的本地人go native 入鄉(xiāng)隨俗，同化native art / dance / peoples土著藝術、舞蹈 / 民族nat

18、ive wit / intelligence 與生俱來的機智 / 才智eg: The tiger is native to India. He is a native of Beijing. You can always tell the difference between the tourists and the natives.2. base vt. 以為根據(jù) n. 基部；基地；基礎base sth on / upon sth 以為基礎（或根據(jù)）base sb / sth / oneself in 以為據(jù)點（或總部等），把（總部等）設在the base of a column / gla

19、ss / pyramid 柱基 / 玻璃杯底 / 金字塔底座a military / naval base 軍事 / 海軍基地based adj. （以某事）為基礎 / 根據(jù)的baseless adj. 無根據(jù)的；無緣無故的basement n. 地下室eg: What are you basing this theory on? They decided to base the new company in New York. The town is an ideal base for touring the area.3. commandn. C 命令，指令 U掌握vt. 命令，指揮，支配

20、；博得；贏得at sbs command 聽某人指揮under ones command 由指揮under the command of sb 在指揮之下have (a) command of 掌握；精通（尤指語言）take command of 控制(be) in command of 掌握，控制command sb to do sth 命令某人做某事command that (should) do 命令eg: The police arrived and took command of the situation.Applicants will be expected to have (a

21、) command of English. The commission intervened and commanded that work on the building cease.注：command后面的賓語從句、表語從句或同位語從句要用虛擬語氣，謂語形式是should + 動詞原形或省略should。4. requestn.&vt. 請求；要求make (a) request for 請求；要求at sbs request = at the request of sb應某人之要求by request (of) 照需要；依照請求；應邀on request 一經(jīng)要求request

22、 sb to do sth 請求某人做某事request that sb (should) do sth 請求request sth from / of sb 向某人請求某物It is requested that 據(jù)要求eg: He was there at the request of his manager. She requested that no one (should) be told of her decision.You are requested not to smoke in the restaurant.常用虛擬語氣的動詞口訣：一堅持insist；二命令order，co

23、mmand；議advise，suggest，propose；四要求ask，demand，request，require。5. recognizevt. 辨認出；承認recognize sb / sth by / from 根據(jù)認出某人 / 某事（物）be recognized to be / as 被認作/被認為是It is recognized that 人們公認recognition n. 認識；認出out of / beyond recognition 認不出來eg: Drugs were not recognized to be / as a serious problem then.

24、It was recognized that this solution could only be temporary. The book is now recognized as a classic.6. blockn. 大塊；大樓；街區(qū)；一批，一組v. 阻塞，擋住a block of ice / concrete / stone 一大塊冰 / 混凝土 / 石頭a tower block 高層建筑an office block 辦公大樓a block of shares 一大宗股份block off 封鎖，堵住block out 擋住，遮住block up 塞住，封住blockfrom 阻

25、止做eg: His apartment is three blocks away from the police station. The main roads of the city have been blocked off. The fallen trees blocked us from going into the flooded area.注：表示“阻止做”的動詞有：block; (from) / prevent; (from) / stop; (from)/ ban; (from)/ keepfrom7. because of 因為；由于 because of是介詞短語，后跟名詞

26、、代詞或動名詞；because是連詞，后跟從句。辨析because of / owing to / due to / on account of / thanks to：這五個短語都有“由于、因為”的意思，都是介詞短語，因此后面不可接從句。 because of意為“由于，因為”，強調(diào)因果關系，在句中一般作狀語。 owing to與because of一樣，也強調(diào)因果關系，作表語或狀語。 due to引出造成后果的原因，在句中常作表語、狀語。作狀語時與owing to同義，但due to一般不置于句首。 on account of與because of，owing to同義，但語氣較為正式?？?/p>

27、作狀語、表語。 thanks to只能用作狀語，可以表達正面意思，“幸虧”，也可用于諷刺口吻中（近于諷刺口吻中的“感”）。eg: Liu Xiang gave up the competition because of his injury. The game was cancelled owing to heavy rain. The teams success was largely due to her efforts. It was a great success thanks to a lot of hard work.8. come up 走近；上來；發(fā)芽；發(fā)生；被提出；（太陽、月

28、亮等）升起come up with 想出；提出come about 發(fā)生come across 穿過(路、橋)；偶遇；偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)(=come upon)come along 一道來；一起去；進步；趕快come back 回來；記起come on (風、雨等)到來；(演員)出場；趕快；得了吧come out 出版；出來，出現(xiàn)；結(jié)果是come to 醒；總計；達到；談到eg: The daffodils are just beginning to come up. The subject came up in conversation. She came up with a new idea for

29、 increasing sales.注：come up含有“被提出”之意，以物作主語，此時不用被動語態(tài)；而come up with意為“提出，想出”，其主語是人。I came up with a proposal and it soon came up at the meeting.9. such as 例如；像這種的辨析such as / for example / that is / and so on：such as用來列舉事物。通常放在被列舉的事物的前面以與需要說明的事物的后面，意思是“比如；諸如之類的”，也與like互換，as后面不能有逗號。for example起到補充說明的作用，

30、表明在眾多容中僅舉一個或少數(shù)幾個例子，可位于句首、句中或句末，意思是“例如；舉個例子”。that is是后面列舉的事物的總量等于它前面所提到的總和，相當于namely，意思是“即，也就是說”。and so on對幾個事物進行列舉時，在說了其中的幾個以后，用and so on進行概括，說明還有例子，但不一一列出了，意思是“等”。eg: Wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are becoming rare. It is possible to combine Computer Science with other subjects, for ex

31、ample, Physics. We discussed everything when to go, what to see and so on.10. play a role / part in 在中擔任角色；在中起作用play an important role / part in 在方面起重要作用play the role of sb = play / act the part of sb （在劇中）扮演某人的角色play the leading role 起主要（帶頭）作用eg: Clowns play an important role in a circus. She plays

32、 an active part in local politics. The media play a major role in influencing peoples opinions.11. Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.more than + 數(shù)詞，表示“超過，多于”。more than + 名詞，表示“不僅是，不只是”。more than + 形容詞 / 副詞，表示“非常，十分”，與very同義。more than之后接含有c

33、an的從句時，常表示否定意義。此時，從句中的謂語動詞必須是與物動詞，并且與句子的主語為邏輯上的動賓關系。morethan意為“與其不如；是而不是”，表示自身的比較。no more than = only意為“只有，僅僅”；not more than常用于數(shù)詞之前，意為“至多，不超過”，其意義相當于at（the）most。eg: There is room for no more than three cars. She was far more intelligent than her sister. Im more than happy to take you there in my car

34、. It had more the appearance of a deliberate crime than of an accident.Unit 3 Travel Journalprefer, persuade, determine, view, change ones mind, give in, no matter how1. prefer vt. 更喜歡；選擇某事物（而不選擇其他事物）prefer sth 更喜歡prefer (sb) to do sth 更喜歡（某人）做prefer that 更喜歡that從句中常用(should+動詞原形)prefer sth / doingt

35、o sth / doing與相比更喜歡；寧愿，不愿prefer to dorather than do 寧可也不preference n. 偏愛；愛好；喜愛give preference to sb / sth 給以優(yōu)惠；優(yōu)待in preference to sb / sth 而不是eg: I prefer playing in defense. I would prefer that you (should) not mention my name. He prefers to stay at home rather than go shopping. She was chosen in p

36、reference to her sister as a volunteer of the Beijing Olympic Games.注：在prefer to結(jié)構中，to后接動詞原形；在preferto結(jié)構和preference構成的短語中to都為介詞。2. persuadevt. 勸說；說服persuade sb to do sth = persuade sb into doing sth說服某人做某事persuade sb not to do sth = persuade sb out of doing sth說服某人不做某事try to persuade sb to do sth (=

37、 advise sb to do sth)盡力勸說某人做某事（但未勸服）persuade sb of sth 使某人相信persuasive adj. 有說服力的；令人信服的persuasion n. 說服；信服；信念辨析advise / persuade：advise表示“勸告”的動作，不看結(jié)果，而persuade強調(diào)“已經(jīng)說服”；advise既可接動詞的-ing形式作賓語，也可接that引導的賓語從句（必須用虛擬語氣should + 動詞原形），而persuade不能。eg: Try to persuade him to come. I allowed myself to be persu

38、aded into entering the competition. I am still not fully persuaded of the plans advantage.注：You can advise him but you may not persuade him.3. determinevt.&vi. 決定；確定；（使）下定決心determine + n. / pron. 決（確）定determine to do sth 決定做某事（表示動作，非延續(xù)性動詞短語）determine on / upon 決定determine that / what 決定determine

39、 sb to do sth 使某人決定做某事determine sb against sth 使某人決定不做某事be determined to do sth 決心做某事（表示狀態(tài)可與表示時間段的狀語連用）determined adj. 堅決的，有決心的determination n. 決心eg: We determined to leave at once. His advice determined me to delay no more. I am determined to find out who is responsible for this.注：determine to do s

40、th在詞義上等于be determined to do sth。但前者強調(diào)動作，后者強調(diào)狀態(tài)。類似的短語還有：prepare for / be prepared for， worry about / be worried about。這類結(jié)構?？疾榉衷~作狀語的用法。4. viewn. 風景；視野；觀點；見解vt. 觀看；注視；考慮in ones view 在某人看來come into view 進入視野，看得見in full view (of sb / sth) 完全看得見in view of sth 鑒于，考慮到，由于with a view to sth / to doing sth 為了，

41、指望eg: We take the view that it would be wrong to interfere.How do you view your position in the company?In view of the weather, we will cancel the outing.5. change ones mind 改變主意make up ones mind 下決心，決定bear / keepin mind 記住havein mind 考慮；打算call / bring sth to mind 回憶起某事fix ones mind upon 把注意力集中在be o

42、f one / the same mind 對意見一致be out of ones mind 發(fā)狂，發(fā)瘋eg: Have you made up your minds where to go for your honeymoon?She couldnt call to mind where she had seen him before.He will bear the beautiful girl in mind forever.6. give in 屈服；投降；讓步；上交give in to sb 對某人讓步give away 贈送；泄露；出賣give back 歸還give off 放出

43、；散發(fā)出（液體、氣體、氣味、能量、熱量、光、聲音）give out 分發(fā)；用完，筋疲力盡give up 放棄；停止；認輸；把送交give over 移交give way to 給讓路；對讓步eg: The authorities have shown no signs of giving in to the kidnappers demands.He gave away most of his money to charity.After a month their food supplies gave out.7. When I told her the air would be hard

44、to breatheand it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience.在“主語 + 系動詞 + 形容詞 + 不定式”結(jié)構中，常用主動形式表示被動含義。 使用此結(jié)構須具備兩個前提條件：a. 不定式作狀語修飾作表語的形容詞；b. 不定式和句子的主語構成邏輯上的動賓關系。不定式作定語時，當在句子中能找到不定式的邏輯主語且不定式與其所修飾的名詞構成動賓關系時，這時不定式可用主動形式表示被動含義。eg: Its a difficult question to answer. Tom is easy to p

45、lease.Harry Potter is interesting to read.8. A determined person always tries to finish the job, no matter how hard it is. no matter how引導讓步狀語從句，意為“無論多么”，how后緊跟形容詞或副詞，此處相當于however + 形容詞 / 副詞。疑問詞-ever和no matter + 疑問詞 whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever可以引導讓步狀語從句，也可以引導名詞性從句。引導讓步狀語從句時，可以換成no matter wha

46、t / which / who / whom，位置可以在主句前或后。wherever，whenever，however常引導讓步狀語從句，可以換成no matter where / when / how，可以防在主句前或后。 however引導讓步狀語從句常與倒裝結(jié)合起來。這時，however起雙重作用，一是引導讓步狀語從句，二是修飾某一個形容詞或副詞，而這個形容詞或副詞要緊接在它之后。eg: Whoever says that is a liar. （主語從句）Wherever she goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her.

47、（讓步狀語從句）She has the window open, however cold it is outside. （讓步狀語從句）Unit 4 Earthquakesburst, ruin, injure, bury, judge, right away, at an end, a number of, It seems as if1. burst vt.&vi. （使）爆裂；（使）裂開；突然出現(xiàn)；爆發(fā)n. 突然破裂；爆發(fā)burst out 突然迸發(fā)；爆發(fā)burst out doing sth = burst into + n. 突然起來be bursting to do st

48、h 渴望，急著要做（某事） burst in / into 闖進，突然破門而入burst with anger / grief / joy 勃然大怒 / 心痛欲絕 / 樂不可支eg: The excellent performance of Chinese competitors at the 29th Beijing Olympic Games caused bursts of applause.She was bursting to tell him the good news.The boy burst into tears on seeing the big dog.2. ruinn.

49、 U毀壞；毀滅，崩潰 C(Pl.)廢墟、遺址v. （使）破產(chǎn)，（使）墮落，毀滅be in ruins 成為廢墟be the ruin of 成為毀滅（墮落）的原因bring sb to ruin 使某人失?。皇箖A家蕩產(chǎn)come / fall to / into ruin 毀滅；崩潰；破壞掉ruin oneself 自取滅亡ruin ones health / fame 破壞某人的健康 / 名譽eg: The bank stepped in to save the company from financial ruin.My new shoes got ruined in the mud.Tha

50、t one mistake ruined his chance of getting the job.辨析destroy，ruin，damage，break，spoil： destroy常指徹底的、不能或很難修復的“破壞、毀壞”程度較深；也可用于損壞抽象的東西，比如名譽、計劃、努力、契約等。 ruin亦指徹底毀掉，但不含有某種摧毀性的力量進行破壞，而含有在一定的過程中逐漸毀掉的意思。 damage是程度較小的“破壞、損壞”，一般指被破壞的物品可以重新修復。 break是“破壞、打破、打碎”的意思。它表示的圍極廣，程度也不一?？捎糜谟行蔚臇|西，如石頭、玻璃或瓷器等，也可用于無形、抽象的東西，如法

51、律、沉默、魔力或習慣等。spoil“破壞，糟蹋”，其重點在于破壞事物原先的結(jié)構、和諧性，使原事物不再具有原先的特點，賓語常是景致、食欲、計劃等。3. injurevt. 損害，傷害injury n. 傷，傷口；傷害do an injury to sb 傷害某人injured adj. 受傷的，受委屈的the injured 傷員an injured look / expression 委屈的樣子 / 表情injured pride / feelings 受到傷害的自尊 / 情感辨析wound，injure，hurt，harm：wound一般指外傷，如刀傷、槍傷，尤指戰(zhàn)爭、戰(zhàn)斗中受傷。 injure一般指由于意外或事故造成的損傷，其賓語常為健康、成就、容貌等，強調(diào)功能的損失。 hurt可以指肉體上的傷害，也可以指精神上的傷害，特指伴有疼痛的肉體上的傷害；作不與物動詞時，是“痛”的意思。harm用于肉體或精神上的傷害均可，有時可指引起不安或不便。eg: One of the players injur