Unit4Earthquake

1、Unit 4 EarthquakeKey words and expressions 1. right away =at once=immediately 2. smelly adj. 發(fā)臭的，有臭味的 n + -y adj rain rainy wind windy cloud cloudy snow snowy sun sunny blood bloodytaste tastydirt dirtygreed greedy 3. burst v. 爆裂，爆發(fā) (burst-burst-burst) (1)burst into 突然.起來 (2)burst out 突然.起來 e.g The

2、balloon suddenly burst. The pipe burst and water spouted out. Hearing the bad news, she burst into tears. =Hearing the bad news, she burst out crying. 3. burst v. 爆裂，爆發(fā) (burst-burst-burst) (1)burst into 突然.起來 (2)burst out 突然.起來 burst into laughter=burst out laughing 突然大笑起來 burst into tears= burst ou

3、t crying 突然大哭起來burst into和和burst out都有都有“突突然然.起來起來”，但，但burst into + n; burst out + V-ing 3. burst n. 突然破裂，爆發(fā) e.g There is a burst of laughter in the hall.4. as if 似乎，好像 =as though as if/though 引導(dǎo)的從句說的是客觀事實(shí)或很有可能發(fā)生的事時(shí)，可不用虛擬語氣。 e.g It looks as if it is going to rain. The meat tastes as if it has gone b

4、ad.4. as if 似乎，好像 =as though as if/though 引導(dǎo)的從句與事實(shí)相反則要用虛擬語氣。若：(1)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句用一般過去式；(2)與過去事實(shí)相反，從句用過去完成時(shí)；(3)表示將來的可能性不大，從句用would/could/might+ V原形。e.g It seems as if the meeting never ended. With the long hair, he looks as if he were an artist. He was shaking with fright as if he had seen a ghost. It loo

5、ks as if it might rain. 5. at an end 結(jié)束，終結(jié)(在句中常作表語) 有關(guān)end的短語： (1)in the end (2)at the end of (3)by the end of (4)come to an end (5)end up (with) e.g It seemed that the world was at an end.最終，最后=finally=at last在.的末尾/盡頭在.的末尾完結(jié)，結(jié)束結(jié)束，(以.結(jié)束) 6. ruin n. (倒塌的建筑物)廢墟(常用復(fù)數(shù))，毀滅 e.g After the earthquake, there

6、were all ruins of the building. 有關(guān)ruin的短語： (1)in ruins 嚴(yán)重受損，破敗不堪 (2)fall into ruin 成為廢墟 e.g Our plan is in ruins because of money. The castles have fallen into ruin. 6. ruin v. 毀滅，使破產(chǎn) e.g Gambling ruined his family. She poured water all over the painting and ruined it. 試想ruin,destroy,damage的不同？ 6. r

7、uin v. 毀滅，使破產(chǎn) (1)ruin 因非人為因素而導(dǎo)致某物被破壞，使該物的使用價(jià)值發(fā)生了變化。也可指希望，前程，健康等的破滅。 (2)damage 指對物體部分性的破壞, 還可以修復(fù)使用。 (3)destroy 指對肉體，精神上或某物的徹底破壞、摧毀以致不能恢復(fù), 也指希望、計(jì)劃等被打破。 e.g The rain ruined our plan. The house was damaged in the typhoon. The fire destroyed many houses in the area. 7.suffering n. 苦難，痛苦 suffer v. 遭受，經(jīng)歷 s

8、uffer vt. 遭受(抽象名詞，如； loss,defeat,damage,pain, poverty) vi. suffer from 遭受，患(疾病) e.g The war has caused great suffering to people. The company suffers great losses. He suffers from high blood pressure.無被動(dòng)語態(tài) 8. extreme adj. 極度的 extremely adv. 極度地，非常地 e.g You students are learning under extreme pressur

9、e at the moment. Practice: (1) People live in_ (extreme)poverty. (2) She found it is _ (extreme)difficult to get a good job.practicePractice 1. Homework 1. memorize the words usages we ve leanred today. 2. recite words from earthquake to extreme. 3. finish the related exercises on your reference boo

10、k on page 64. 1. injure v. 損害，傷害 injured adj. 受傷的 e.g Most people in the area was injured in the earthquake. The injured lived a hard life at that time. the injured 傷者，受傷的人the + adj 表示一類人the richthe poorthe youngthe old (1) She get injured during the earthquake.(2) To be honest, I dont want to hurt

11、you.(3)Most soldiers were wounded during the war.(4) Smoking will harm your health.(1)injure 指由于意外事故受傷，指肌體或功能(身體上的)的損傷。(2)hurt 既可指肉體上，精神上的傷害。(3)wound 指刀傷，槍傷。作名詞時(shí)有“傷口”。(4)harm 肉體或精神的傷害，有時(shí)引起不安，不便，還可以用于抽象事物尤其指不道德的事。 (1)injure 指由于意外事故受傷，指肌體或功能(身體上的)的損傷。 (2)hurt 既可指肉體上，精神上的傷害。 (3)wound 指刀傷，槍傷。作名詞時(shí)有“傷口”。

12、(4)harm 肉體或精神的傷害，有時(shí)引起不安，不便，還可以用于抽象事物尤其指不道德的事。 get injured/hurt 受傷 do harm to 對.造成傷害 harmful adj. 有害的 harmless adj. 無害的 2. survivor n. 幸存者，生還者 survive v. 幸存，生還 survival n. 幸存，生還 3. useless adj. 無用的，無效的，無益的 useful adj. 有用的，有意的 careless/careless harmless/harmful meaningless/meaningful 4. shock n. 休克，震驚

13、 v. 使震驚 adj. (1)shocked 震驚的(修飾人) be shocked at/by 對.感到吃驚 be shocked to do sth 做某事吃驚 (2)shocking 令人震驚的(物) e.g Her best friends death is really a shock to me. The strange thing really shocked me. He is shocked at/by the news. He is shocked to hear the news. Your words are shocking. 4. shock n. 休克，震驚 v

14、. 使震驚 adj. (1)shocked 震驚的(修飾人) be shocked at/by 對.感到吃驚 be shocked to do sth 做某事吃驚 (2)shocking 令人震驚的(物) Practice: 1. We were _(shock) at their terrible working conditions. 2. Its _(shock) to start a game before noon.5. rescue n & v. 援救，營救 rescue . from. 從.中營救e.g The rescue team is trying their be

15、st to resue the miners. The fireman rescued a boy from a big fire. 7. dig out 掘出，發(fā)現(xiàn) dig v. 挖掘 (dig-dug-dug) (現(xiàn)在分詞digging)e.g Eight people were dug out after the earthquake. She dug out some medals in the drawer. 8. bury v. 埋葬，掩埋 be buried in . 被掩埋于.; 專心/埋頭于. bury oneself in. 專心/埋頭于. e.g The boy dug

16、a hole on the ground and buried the dead bird. The car was buried in the thick snow. She was buried in her experiment. She buried herself to her experiment. 9. (1)a number of 大量，許多，作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 (2)the number of “.的數(shù)量”，作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 a number of 中number為名詞，可以用great，large,small 來修飾。 a large/great numb

17、er of 大量，大多數(shù) a small number of 少量，少部分 9. (1)a number of 大量，許多，作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 (2)the number of “.的數(shù)量”，作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 Practice: 1. The number of tourists to the Great Wall _(be) more than 350 thousand last month. 2. It is said that there_(be) millions of camels in India and _ (a/an/the)number of them is

18、 growing.practice/homeworkHomework 1. memorize the words usages we ve leanred today. 2. recite words from injure to a (great) number of. 3. finish the related exercises on your reference book on page 64 and 68(except for reading). 4. Preview the grammar of this unit.Key words in reading part1. ,and

19、even pigs were too nervous to eat.too.to 太.以致于不能e.g He is too shy to speak in front of the class. He is too happy to forget the time.翻譯：這問題太難了，我解答不出來。 The problem is too difficult for me to work out. 翻譯：It is never too late to learn. too.to前若有否定詞(如never,not)，表肯定。再.也不為過。 You can never be too careful

20、to cross the street. 2. .,who thought little of these events. think v.想，思考（think-thought-thought） (1)think of/about 認(rèn)為，思考,想出 (2)think little/nothing of. 輕視，不把.當(dāng)回事，不在乎 (4)think much/highly of 重視，對.高度評價(jià) (5)think poorly of 輕視，對.評價(jià)不高 e.g What do you think of him? You should think about/of other people.

21、2. .,who thought little of these events. (2)think little/nothing of. 輕視，不把.當(dāng)回事，不在乎 (4)think much/highly of 重視，對.高度評價(jià) (5)think poorly of 輕視，對.評價(jià)不高 e.g 年輕人不應(yīng)該輕視老年人。 The young shouldnt think poorly of the old. (1)全班同學(xué)對他的詩都高度評價(jià)。 All the class think highly/much of his poem. (2)大多數(shù)人都不把Tom的建議當(dāng)回事。 Most peop

22、le think nothing/little/poorly of Toms advice. 3. It seemed as if the world was at an end. 4. (1)One-third of the nation felt it. (2)Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. 分?jǐn)?shù)的表示: “子基母序，子多一，母該死?！?1/2 1/4 3/4 5/7a/one halfa/one quarter=one fourththree quartersfive sevenths4. (2

23、)Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.“分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于分?jǐn)?shù)后面的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。e.g About two-thirds of the students in my class are girls. According to the statistics, three-quarters of the people in the area like singing. Fifty percent of the houses were destroyed in the earthquak

24、e.4. (2)Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.“分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于分?jǐn)?shù)后面的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。Practice:1. Three quarters of the earth _(be) covered by water.2. 75 percent of the work he finished _(be) in vain(白費(fèi)，徒勞).3. About one half of the students in the class _(want) to be businessmen i

25、n the questionnaire.5. The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.reach v. 到達(dá)，抵達(dá)；伸手去夠/拿 n. 伸手夠得著的范圍e.g They reached London at six this morning. She is too short to reach the book on the shelf. Put the toy within reach of that boy.5. The number of people who were killed

26、 or injured reached more than 400,000.reach v. 到達(dá)，抵達(dá)；伸手去夠/拿 n. 伸手夠得著的范圍 (1)beyond/out of sbs reach =beyond/out of reach of sb 在某人范圍外 (2)within sbs reach 在某人范圍內(nèi) =within reach of sb (1). Dont leave matches and cigarettes on the table within _ of little children.A. hand B. reach C. space D. distance(2)

27、. Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of childrens _.A. touch B. sightC. reach D. distance 6. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves.cover (1)v. 覆蓋 be covered by/with 被.覆蓋e.g White snow covered the world. The world was covered by/with the snow. (2)n. 封面e.g The cover

28、of my book is blue. 7. All hope was not lost. 不是所有的希望都破滅了。該句為部分否定。all.not=not all., 并非所有的.都.。All hope was not lost=Not all hope was lost.e.g All that glitters is not gold. =Not all that glitters is gold.注意：all,both, every,everything, everybody前面有否定詞或用于否定句表示部分否定。7. All hope was not lost.注意：all,both,

29、every,everything, everybody前面有否定詞或用于否定句表示部分否定。翻譯下列句子：e.g Both of the students are not from the same school. Not every boy in this area like football. Every boy in my class likes math.Homework 1. memorize the words usages we ve leanred today. 2. finish the related exercises on your reference book on

30、page 64 and 68(except for reading) and the exercises on the paper of second part. 4. Preview the grammar of this unit.Vocabulary 21. damage n & v do damage to. 對.造成傷害2. frighten v. 使恐懼，使害怕 fright n. 害怕，恐懼 frightened adj 害怕的，恐懼的(修飾人) be frightened of sth 害怕. be frightened at/by 對/因.害怕 frightening

31、 adj.令人害怕/恐懼的(修飾物) e.g This naughty boy often frihgtens the little kids. 2. frighten v. 使恐懼，使害怕 frightened adj 害怕的，恐懼的(修飾人) (1) be frightened of sth 害怕. (2) be frightened at/by 被.嚇到 frightening adj.令人害怕/恐懼的(修飾物) e.g The little boy is frightened of thunder. She is frightened by/at the fierce dog. She

32、 felt frigtened when she walked lonely in the street at night. It was a frightening night.3. congratulation n. 祝賀(1)congratulations on sth/doing sth 祝賀.(2)congratulate v. congratulate sb on sth 因.祝賀某人e.g Congratulations on your exam results! I congratulate you on your success.4. judge n. 法官，裁判員(judg

33、ment n.判斷) v. 判決，判斷e.g She wants to be a judge in the future. The woman was finally judged guilty.(1)judge . by/from 通過.判斷(2)judging from/by 根據(jù).判斷e.g You cant judge a book by/from its cover. Judging from her letter, she had a wonderful time last week. Judging from/by her look, she was tired.5. expre

34、ss v.表達(dá) expression n. 表達(dá)；表情 Key words on page 301. be proud of2. honour v. 尊敬，敬重 n. 榮譽(yù) in honour of 紀(jì)念.e.g We should honor those who devoted their lives in the war. We built so many monuments in honor of those heros.3. The man was sleeping downstairs when the earthquake happened. (1)be doing sth whe

35、n. 正在做某事時(shí)，突然.(2)be about to do sth when. 即將做/正要做.突然.(3)be on the point of doing sth when. 即將做/正要做.突然.practicePractice 1. _ the number of cars, only _ small number of people have attended the meeting. A. Judging from; a B. Judged from; a C. Judging from; the D. Judged from; the 2. We held a ceremony

36、_ those killed in the explosion. A. in honor of B. in place of C. in favour of D. in the way ofPractice 3. I _ you _ what you have achieved. A. celebrate;on B. congratulate;on C. congratulate;for D. celebrate;for 4. We are proud _being Chineses. 5. He took pride _ his great progress. 6. Congratulati

37、ons _ your winning the races. 7. Judging _ his accent, he must be from America.homeworkHomework 1. memorize the words usages we ve leanred today. 2. finish the related exercises on your reference book on page 77 3. Preview the words of next unit.grammar the atrributive clause (1)that/who/whom/whose/

38、which 定語從句的定義：在主從復(fù)合句中，修飾限制 名詞或代詞的句子就叫定語 從句。 先行詞：被定語從句修飾限制的名詞或代詞。 關(guān)系詞：定語從句由關(guān)系代詞that,who,whom.which,whose,as或關(guān)系副詞when,where, why引導(dǎo)。 引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞： (1) 先行詞為人或物，在定語從句中做主語或賓語(或表語)，做賓語時(shí)可以省略that。 (2) 先行詞為人，在定語從句中做主語或賓語，做賓語時(shí)可以省略who。 (3) 先行詞為人，在定語從句中做賓語，做賓語時(shí)可以省略whom。 (4) 先行詞為人或物，在定語從句中做主語或賓語，做賓語時(shí)可以省略which。 (5)

39、 先行詞為人或物，在定語從句中做定語，譯為“.的”，后常跟名詞，即：whose+n。 (6) 先行詞為人或物，在限制性或非限制性定語從句中做主/賓/表語，“正如，正像”。thatwhowhomwhichwhoseas 觀察思考： A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses, roads and canals. (指代指代_, 作主語作主語) Then later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as

40、strong as the first one shook Tangshan. (指代指代_, 作主語作主語) I dont know the girl whom you talked to just now. (指代指代_, 作賓語作賓語)crackquakethe girl 觀察思考： The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400, 000. (指代指代_, 作主語作主語) Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been dest

41、royed. (指代指代_, 作定語作定語)peoplesurvivors 關(guān)系代詞的基本用法：關(guān)系代詞的基本用法： 1. that/which (1)Mr. Wang is the teacher that cares about me most. (2) This is the pen that/which I lost yesterday. (3)The building _ stands near the river is our school. (4)The film _ I saw last night was very moving. 關(guān)系代詞的基本用法：關(guān)系代詞的基本用法： 2

42、. who/whom (1)The number of people who came to visit this city each year reached one million. (2)The professor who/whom you are waiting for has come. 關(guān)系代詞的基本用法：關(guān)系代詞的基本用法： 3. whose (1)I have a friend. His father is a doctor. I have a friend _ father is a doctor. (2)This is the computer. I have just c

43、hanged its CPU. This is the computer _ CPU I have just changed. 【悟一悟【悟一悟參透誤區(qū)】參透誤區(qū)】 在語意理解上在語意理解上, whose相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于of whom/which。在語法結(jié)。在語法結(jié)構(gòu)上構(gòu)上: whose+名詞名詞= the +名詞名詞+ of whom/which。 (3)I visited a scientist. The name of the scientist is John Smith. I visited a scientist the name of _ is John Smith. I visit

44、ed a scientist _ name is John Smith. 我拜訪了那位名叫約翰我拜訪了那位名叫約翰史密斯的科學(xué)家。史密斯的科學(xué)家。 【悟一悟【悟一悟參透誤區(qū)】參透誤區(qū)】 在語意理解上在語意理解上, whose相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于of whom/which。在語法結(jié)構(gòu)上。在語法結(jié)構(gòu)上: whose+名詞名詞= the +名詞名詞+ of whom/which。 The classroom will soon be repaired. The doors and windows of the classroom are broken. The classroom the doors and

45、 windows of _ are broken will soon be repaired. The classroom _ doors and windows are broken will soon be repaired. 門窗壞了的那個(gè)教室很快會(huì)被維修。門窗壞了的那個(gè)教室很快會(huì)被維修。 關(guān)系代詞的基本用法：關(guān)系代詞的基本用法： 4. as (1)This is the same pen as I lost. (2)This is the same pen that I lost. (3)As we all know, China has a large population. practice/homeworkhomework1. 完成71頁(真題體驗(yàn))5個(gè)選擇題。2.完成72頁單項(xiàng)選擇1,2,3,4,5,7,8,13.3. 預(yù)習(xí)剩下部分的定語從句語法。. 限制性定語從句中限制性定語從句中that和和which指物時(shí)的用法指物時(shí)的用法1. 指物時(shí)只能用指物時(shí)只能用that不用不用which的幾種情況的幾種情況: (1)當(dāng)先行詞是當(dāng)先行詞是all, everything, anything, nothing, much, few, little, none等不定代詞時(shí)等不定代詞時(shí), 或者當(dāng)先行詞被或者當(dāng)先行詞被all, every, any, some, no, lit