國際音標教學(xué)

1、 一、一、4848個國際音標個國際音標Ask and answer:為什么為什么要學(xué)習(xí)音標？要學(xué)習(xí)音標？音素和國際音標音素和國際音標 1什么是音素：字母在單詞中的發(fā)音。2音素的分類：元音和輔音。3音素的個數(shù)：共48個，元音音素20,輔音 音素28。4什么是音標：記錄音素的符號叫做音標。元音和輔音的定義： 發(fā)音時聲帶振動，呼出的氣流通過口腔時不受阻礙，這樣形成的語音稱為元音。 不論聲帶振動與否，發(fā)音時呼出的氣流通過口腔或鼻腔時受到一定的阻礙，這樣形成的語音稱為輔音。 發(fā)音時聲帶不振動的輔音稱為清輔音。 發(fā)音聲帶振動的輔音稱為濁輔音。國際音標國際音標4848元音元音2020輔音輔音2828元音單元

2、音12個長元音/:/:/:/i:/U:/短元音/e/雙元音8個/a/e/e/a/輔音10對清輔音/p/t/k/f/s/t/tr/ts/濁輔音/b/d/g/v/z/d/ /dr/ /dz/鼻音3/m/n/似拼音3/h/r/半元音2/j/w/輔音音標輔音音標I I/p/b/t/d/k/g/f/v/s/z/h/r/元音音標元音音標 - -單元音單元音（長元音）（長元音） /:/:/:/i:/U:/:/ /:/ /:/ /i:/ /U:/拼讀練習(xí)拼讀練習(xí) /:/:/:/i:/U:/p/k/s/:/:/:/i:/U:/b/g/z/:/:/:/i:/U:/t/f/h/:/:/:/i:/U:/d/v/r/輔

3、音音標輔音音標IIII/s/ /z/ /m/ /n/w/j/m/ /n/w/j/元音音標元音音標 - -單元音單元音（短元音）（短元音） /:/:/:/i:/U:/e/拼讀練習(xí)拼讀練習(xí) /e/e/m/n/l/w/j/輔音音標輔音音標IIIIII/t/d/t/ /d/ts/dz/tr/dr/t/ /d/ts/ /dz/ /tr/ /dr/元音音標元音音標 - -雙元音雙元音 / /a/e/ /a/ / /e/ /拼讀練習(xí)拼讀練習(xí) /tr/ /dr/ /a/t/ /d/e/ /a/ /t/ /d/ /e/ /國際音標表國際音標表元音單元音12個長元音/:/:/:/i:/U:/短元音/e/雙元音8個

4、/a/e/e/a/輔音10對清輔音/p/t/k/f/s/t/tr/ts/濁輔音/b/d/g/v/z/d/ /dr/ /dz/鼻音3/m/n/似拼音3/h/r/半元音2/j/w/二、音標常見的二、音標常見的字母和字母組合字母和字母組合/:/afatherclassarcardfarmalhalfpalmauauntlaugh根據(jù)發(fā)音規(guī)則，圈出發(fā)/:/的2個單詞。1.calmlipdoctorafter2.cloudfastgardengate3.ballscarflasttiger4.joblorryMarchpark/omotherloveulunchunderoobloodfloodouco

5、untryenough根據(jù)發(fā)音規(guī)則，找出每組中發(fā)/的單詞。1.hearcupbedair2.voiceboyduckant3.vasecornbeargun4.cuteboymoneyher/:/altalkwallorcornmorningauautumnfaultawdrawlawarwarquarteroorfloordoorourfourpouraughdaughtercaughtoughoughtbought根據(jù)發(fā)音規(guī)則，圈出發(fā)根據(jù)發(fā)音規(guī)則，圈出發(fā)/:/的單詞。的單詞。1.tallbirdbreadpoor2.ideachairsporthare3.cakebearwalkcup4.

6、drinkshortbagmilk/ohotdogawantwatchaubecause sausage根據(jù)發(fā)音規(guī)則，圈出發(fā)根據(jù)發(fā)音規(guī)則，圈出發(fā)/的單詞。的單詞。1.doctorteacherboxclothes2.coldzooclockdog3.lovebosslotviolin4.watchbeachfoxgirl/:/irbirddirtyertermmercyorworkworldurfurnurseearearlyearth根據(jù)發(fā)音規(guī)則，圈出發(fā)根據(jù)發(fā)音規(guī)則，圈出發(fā)/:/的單詞。的單詞。1.thirtybeerthirstywheat2.bankkinghernurse3.turtl

7、ebirdrabbitknee4.roomrunshirtterm/asofaageeopensharpenersisterfatherordoctorvisitorotodaytonight/i:/eebeesheepeameatteaiefieldthiefeweme根據(jù)發(fā)音規(guī)則，圈出發(fā)根據(jù)發(fā)音規(guī)則，圈出發(fā)/i:/的單詞。的單詞。1.seatrainbeancat2.giftfeetteacherdog3.pigstartreejeep4.sweetseafishthe/ibighiteprettybeforeyanyluckyeymonkey money根據(jù)發(fā)音規(guī)則，圈出發(fā)根據(jù)發(fā)音規(guī)則，

8、圈出發(fā)/的單詞。的單詞。/U:/oshoedourulerJuneootoothnoonuifruitjuiceousoupyouuebluetrue根據(jù)發(fā)音規(guī)則，找出不發(fā)根據(jù)發(fā)音規(guī)則，找出不發(fā)/U:/的單詞。的單詞。1.juicemoonzoopanda2.toothbroomeyespoon3.headbootnoodlespool4.nooncoolbootwatch/usugarbutcheroofootgoodoushouldcould根據(jù)發(fā)音規(guī)則，圈出不發(fā)根據(jù)發(fā)音規(guī)則，圈出不發(fā)/的單詞。的單詞。1.mouthbooklookpull2.pushtapesugarfoot3.wood

9、kindwolfbull4.bulletwoodcookname/e/epenlegeaheadheavy根據(jù)發(fā)音規(guī)則，圈出不發(fā)根據(jù)發(fā)音規(guī)則，圈出不發(fā)/e/的單詞。的單詞。1.catwelllegpen2.sweatmappetelephant3.eggtentalldesk4.breadheadbedtoy/abackact根據(jù)發(fā)音規(guī)則，找出發(fā)根據(jù)發(fā)音規(guī)則，找出發(fā)/的單詞。的單詞。1.ratbedfacesport2.hearcupfatpear3.ricebatfingertree4.seayoungknifeapple/e/anamefaceaimailrainaydayplayeagr

10、eatsteakeytheygreyeigeightweight根據(jù)發(fā)音規(guī)則，圈出不發(fā)根據(jù)發(fā)音規(guī)則，圈出不發(fā)/e/的單詞。的單詞。1.facewavesheeptail2.grapeplanenamecoat3.timetapetrainsnake4.rainsoapcaketrain/a/ikniferideyskyshyiediepieyebyeuybuyguyighlightnight根據(jù)發(fā)音規(guī)則，找出每組中發(fā)根據(jù)發(fā)音規(guī)則，找出每組中發(fā)/a/的單詞的單詞.1.ricegoodjamright2.shipmineice-creammouse3.cloudsittieeye4.writesm

11、alltenniskite/oioilcoinoytoyboy根據(jù)發(fā)音規(guī)則，找出發(fā)/的單詞.1.soilhearsoycold2.rabbitbedboynoise3.walkvoiceboilword4.teaenjoytoymilk/eartearbeardeerbeercheerereheresever根據(jù)發(fā)音規(guī)則，圈出發(fā)/的單詞。1.bearbeerfairtail2.noodlespairnearcome3.horseneartowerair4.ringkingherethree/e/aredarecareairhairstairearpearweareirtheirheireret

12、herewhere根據(jù)發(fā)音規(guī)則，圈出發(fā)/e/的單詞。1.bearideapineappletail2.noodlespairclimbcome3.horsehousetowerair4.ringkingharethree/uausually oormoorureassureourour根據(jù)發(fā)音規(guī)則，圈出發(fā)/的單詞。1.cleartouristpineappletail2.noodlespairclimbfury3.beardcuretowerair4.voicekingpureengineer/ooldopenoasoaproadousoulshoulderowslowsnowoughthou

13、ghalthough根據(jù)發(fā)音規(guī)則，圈出發(fā)/的單詞。1.coatgoattreeriver2.makewindowkniferoad3.yourwhiterowcoat4.boathennoselamp/a/ouaboutshoutowhowbowourhoursour根據(jù)發(fā)音規(guī)則，選出不發(fā)根據(jù)發(fā)音規(guī)則，選出不發(fā)/a/的單詞。的單詞。1.mousecloudarmcrown2.teachertrouserscowmouth3.towndanceflowerhouse4.towerblousenowbaby/p/ppencapppapplehappy/b/bbirdboatbbrabbitcabb

14、age/t/ttelltallttlittleattack/d/ddaddayddsuddenmuddy/k/kkeykickccarcrycksickduck/g/ggogameggbeggarstruggleguguestguard/f/fflyfireffcliffsniffphphotophrase/v/vviewvasevecavefive/s/ssunbuscagencycancelcericefacessbosspress/z/zzipzoosaseasy/thtoothhealth/ththeythan/ssuresugarshsheshipchchefmachinecispe

15、cialdelicioustinationpatient/susuallypleasureggarageprestigesivisiondicision/h/hhaveherowhwhowhat/r/rriceroserrerrorarrestrhrhythmrhinowrwrongwrite/t/tnaturequestionchcheesechurchtchkitchencatch/d/jjokejumpgeagehugedgefridgejudgeggentleimage/tr/trtriptrousers/dr/drdrydress/ts/tshatsantstesgateskites

16、tsletsthats/dz/dsbedshandsdesridesgrades/m/mmilkmeetmmsummerswimmer/n/nrunnumbernndinnerfunny/npinklinkngsingking/lgirlleftllballwall/w/wwatchworkwhwhitewhenooneonceuquitquite/j/yyouryesuunituseago/g/以前magic/mdk/有魔力的，神奇的clever/klev/聰明的foolish/ful/愚蠢的through/ru/穿過laugh/lf/笑，大笑wear/we/穿tell/tel/講，敘述ea

17、ch/it/每個say/se/說sentence/sent()ns/句子quick/kwk/迅速的，快的next/nekst/下一個little/lt()l/小的，年幼的chance/tns/機會think/k/想，思考hard/hd/努力地，費勁地child/tald/孩子turninto/tn/nt/變成三、語音的基本常識三、語音的基本常識1、音節(jié)的劃分、音節(jié)的劃分 一個單詞的音標中有幾個元音就有幾個音節(jié)。一個單詞的音標中有幾個元音就有幾個音節(jié)。e.g. / zed / 2、重讀音節(jié)、重讀音節(jié) 任何雙音節(jié)或多音節(jié)單詞的音標中，有重讀音節(jié)和任何雙音節(jié)或多音節(jié)單詞的音標中，有重讀音節(jié)和非重讀音節(jié)非重讀音節(jié) ，哪一個音節(jié)重讀，該音節(jié)的左上方標上，哪一個音節(jié)重讀，該音節(jié)的左上方標上重讀符號重讀符號“”。e.g. /menju:/ /rks/3、濁化音、濁化音 以以sp_, st_, sk_開頭的單詞中，清輔音開頭的單詞中，清輔音/p/ /t/ /k/分別要發(fā)濁輔音分別要發(fā)濁輔音/b/ /d/ /g/。e.g. sport student skate5、連讀、連讀在一個短語