外文翻譯---電梯定位控制系統(tǒng)模型的設(shè)計(jì)

1、附錄1 文獻(xiàn)翻譯A Design of Elevator Positioning Control System ModelZhang Yajun, Chen Long, Fan LingyanSchool of Electronics & Information，Hangzhou Dianzi UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018The Peoples Republic of Chinazyj16888ABSTRCTThis paper presents a design of elevator positioning control system

2、model based on the ATmega128 microcontroller. The model mainly includes MCU control module, stepper motor drive module, infrared detection module, LCD display module and keys module. The elevators running path is set by keys; the elevators running location is detected by the infrared binate tubes. S

3、tepper motor is the executive component. MCU controls the speed and direction of the stepper motor by inputting pulse signals to its drive chip L298. LCD displays the real-time information of elevators running status. Key Words: ATmega128 microcontroller, stepper motor, drive chip L298, infrared det

4、ection circuit.1. INTRODUCTIONA four-floor elevator system module is designed in this paper. The object of elevator system module is shown in figure 1. The size of the model and the distance between the layers are shown in the figure. The system model provides an intuitional and thorough description

5、 for the construction and action principle of elevator, and gives a platform for the further research of the new elevator control technologies. It has a certain reference in relevant professional experiments teaching. It can be chosen as a teaching model for university teachers when they instruct st

6、epper motors drive and control. In addition, the model has a certain value for research and development of high-rise elevator control software.2. SYSTEM STRUCTURE AND WORKING PRINCIPLEThe basic structure diagram of the elevator positioning control system model is shown in Figure 2. The model include

7、s MCU control module, stepper motor drive module, infrared detection module, LCD module and keys module. The elevators running path is set up by keys; the real-time information of the elevators location is detected by infrared detection circuits and is fed back to the MCU. The speed and direction of

8、 the stepper motor are controlled by MCU inputting timing pulse signals to its drive chip L298(internal circuits are H-bridge drive circuits).The elevator stops when the information input by the key and the feedback signals of the infrared detection circuits are the same and the elevators real-time

9、running status is displayed by the LCD1602.3. SYSTEM HARDWARE DESIGN3.1 Stepper motor drive module designStepper motor drive circuit is shown in Figure 3. L298 integrated chips input ports connect with the system MCU I/O ports and its output ports connect with the signal input ports of two-phase fou

10、r wires stepper motor. MCU I/O ports output certain timing pulse signals to drive chip to control its outputs, which makes the stepper motor rotate positively or reversely. Stepper motor rotational speed is directly proportional to the frequency of input pulse, which means the higher frequency of th

11、e input pulse, the faster stepper motor rotate speed, and vice versa. The internal circuits of L298 chip are H-bridge driver circuits, as shown in Figure 4. VD1, VD2, VD3, VD4 are continued flow diodes for protecting the drive circuit. When Q1, Q4 binate tubes in the H-bridge circuit turn from on to

12、 off, the current cant change immediately and flows as original direction, VD2, VD3 provide loop circuit at this time. When Q1, Q4 disconnect the current forms a continued flow loop as follows: GND VD3 stepper motor VD2 VCC. Similarly, VD1, VD4 provide flow loop when Q2, Q3 turn from on to off, the

13、current forms a continued flow loop as follows: GND VD4 stepper motor VD1 VCC. D1 and D6, D2 and D5, D3 and D8, D4 and D7 are quadruplet binate tubes of continued flow in the drive circuit.3.2 Infrared detection module designThe infrared detection circuit is composed of infrared emitting and receivi

14、ng tubes and comparator as shown in figure 5. The infrared emitting tubes are installed at the point of O, A, B, C. The infrared receiving tubes are installed at the point of O, A, B, C. When the infrared receiving tube receives infrared signals, its resistance is quite small; the voltage at point A

15、 is about 4V. When the infrared receiving tube doesnt receive infrared signals, its resistance is very large, at this time the voltage at A point is about 0.8V.The voltage of point B is the reference voltage which is about 1.5V(realized by adjusting 10K potentiometer) and the comparator output port

16、connect with 10K pull-up resistor. When the voltage at point A is higher than point B, LM339 outputs high-level signal to MCU I/O port. Otherwise, LM339 outputs low-level signal to MCU I/O port. MCU achieves the exact location of the elevator through detecting high or low level signal output by comp

17、arator and the key input signal in the system module.3.3 MCU control module and key module designFigure 6 MCU control module and keys module circuits MCU control module and keys module circuit is shown in Figure 6. Keys are defined as follows: key P1.3 is a start key and the elevator start to rotate

18、 when key P1.3 is pressed. When the elevator is rotating, it will enter to state of emergency (elevator stops at last point along the moving direction) if we press key P1.3. P1.4, P1.5, P1.6, P1.7 are keys for O floor, A floor, B floor, C floor individually. Key P3.0 is a shift key and the modificat

19、ion item starts flashing and the flashing information can be amended when key P3.1 is pressed. Key P3.2 is the enter key. The modification item stops flashing, amendments is over and the elevator runs according to the revised information when key P3.2 is pressed. We can make more flexible definition

20、 of the keys during the course of designing the system software in order to achieve more functions.3.4 Display module designLCD1602 display module are adopted and used to display model running status. The information displayed mainly includes the elevators current location, operation order, operatio

21、n time, running status (UP, DOWN, STOP) and so on.4. SYSTEM SOFTWARE DESIGNThe basic idea of the program design is as follows: Firstly, the operation of pressing keys can set the running path of the elevator model. Secondly, infrared binate tubes carry out the real-time detection of the elevators lo

22、cation after the elevator starts. Thirdly, MCU scans the infrared circuit I/O ports real-time detection results. The detection result is low-level when the elevator reaches the target floor. Meanwhile, the elevator stops and the array of indicators move back a bit. The elevator will restart if the c

23、omparison result of the current and the next floor (position of the array indicator) are not consistent. The process repeats until the array bits pointed by array indicator become zero, and then the elevator stops. In addition, the elevator should increase speed slowly after it starts and reduce spe

24、ed gradually before it stops in order to smooth the operation of the elevator and avoid vibration or swing. To achieve this goal in the program design, we can control the drive circuits pulse signal frequency given by MCU. The elevators rotation speed is directly proportional to the pulse signal fre

25、quency, which means the higher the pulse signal frequency, the quicker the elevator rotation speed, and vice versa. In the process of the elevator running from zero to maximum speed, the MCU output higher and higher pulse signal frequency to the drive circuit to realize the elevators acceleration. S

26、imilarly, the MCU input lower and lower pulse signal frequency to the drive circuit to realize the elevators deceleration.5. CONCLUSIONWe choose ATmega128 microcontroller as the core control component and stepper motor as the implementation component, use L298 integrated chip to drive stepper motor

27、and infrared binate tubes to detect the location of the elevator and acquire real-time information to achieve a position control system model for teaching. This model has the characteristics are as follows: (1) The operation order of elevator can be preset and the real-time information of the elevat

28、ors running order and running time can be displayed by LCD. The running order and running time can be modified by pressing certain keys. The system can enter into the emergency situation by pressing certain keys. The elevator is smooth and uniform during the course of acceleration and deceleration.(

29、2)Integrated L298 driver chip which used in the motor driver circuit is simple, high integrated, convenient to control.(3)The design of infrared binate tubes detection circuit makes elevator accurate positioning. Information displayed by LCD is rich and the display interface is user-friendly. The ex

30、periment shows that the system model has the characteristics of stability and high reliability. It can be used in teaching relevant professional course and designing practical elevator control software.6. REFERENCES1CHEN Ji-Wen, FAN Wen-Li, LI Yan-Feng, YU Fu-Sheng,“ Research on the Elevator Control

31、 Simulation System, ”Development & Innovation of Machinery & Electrical Products,pp.96-100, Jan, 2008, 21(1).2CAO Ai-guo, MAO Mei-jiao, “The Research of the PLCbased Five-floor Elevator Model Monitor System,” Modern Machinery, pp.86-87, 2007(2).3Qiu Yaner, “Application of PLC in Elevator Tea

32、ching Model,” Mechanical Management and Development, pp.53-54, Dec.2007(6),4LI Zhong-hua, TAN Hong-zhou, ZHANG Yunong, “Research on Fast Simulation of Elevator System for Complex Building,” Journal of System Simulation, pp.4561- 4569, Oct.2007, 19(19).5ZHANG Xian-miao, LIU Xin-wei, JIN Tian-jun, LV

33、Zhengyu, “High reliable communication system of the elevator,” Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Magazine, pp.4-6, Oct. 2007, 24(10).6SUN Yaning, “ Design and Implementation of Elevator Model,” Low Voltage Apparatus, pp.12-15,2007(16).7ZHAO Yong-mei, YU Bing, FENG Fei, “ Elevator Model Control

34、 System Based on S7-200,” Jiangsu Machine Building & Automation, pp.93-95, Dec 2004.8 Sun Houhuan, Bai Chongzhe, “The Elevator Control System Based on the Pulse Count of PLC,” Electric Drive, pp.36-39, 2003(1).電梯定位控制系統(tǒng)模型的設(shè)計(jì)摘 要本文提出了一種基于ATmega128單片機(jī)的電梯定位控制系統(tǒng)模型的設(shè)計(jì)方法。該模型主要包括單片機(jī)控制模塊，步進(jìn)電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)模塊，紅外檢測(cè)模塊，液

35、晶顯示器顯示模塊和按鍵模塊。電梯的運(yùn)行路徑是由按鍵確定的，電梯的運(yùn)行位置是由紅外三極管檢測(cè)到的，步進(jìn)電機(jī)是執(zhí)行元件。單片機(jī)通過(guò)輸出脈沖信號(hào)到驅(qū)動(dòng)器芯片L298來(lái)控制步進(jìn)電機(jī)的速度和方向。液晶顯示器顯示電梯運(yùn)行狀態(tài)的實(shí)時(shí)信息。關(guān)鍵詞：ATmega128單片機(jī)，步進(jìn)電機(jī)， 驅(qū)動(dòng)器芯片L298，紅外檢測(cè)電路。1 引言本文設(shè)計(jì)了四層電梯系統(tǒng)模塊。電梯系統(tǒng)模塊的示意圖如圖1所示。模型每層之間的距離如圖中數(shù)字所示。系統(tǒng)模型為電梯的結(jié)構(gòu)以及運(yùn)行原理提供了一個(gè)直觀和全面的描述，并為進(jìn)一步研究新的電梯控制技術(shù)提供平臺(tái)。在專業(yè)實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)方面它具有一定的參考價(jià)值。當(dāng)大學(xué)教師教授步進(jìn)電機(jī)的驅(qū)動(dòng)和控制時(shí)，它可以作為一個(gè)教

36、學(xué)模型。此外，該模型對(duì)研究與發(fā)展高層電梯控制軟件也具有一定的價(jià)值。2 系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理電梯定位控制系統(tǒng)模型基本結(jié)構(gòu)框圖如圖2所示。該模型包括單片機(jī)控制模塊，步進(jìn)電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)模塊，紅外探測(cè)模塊，液晶顯示模塊和按鍵模塊。電梯的運(yùn)行路徑是由設(shè)立鍵確定的，電梯位置的實(shí)時(shí)信息是由紅外探測(cè)電路把信息反饋到微控制器檢測(cè)的。步進(jìn)電機(jī)的速度和方向是由單片機(jī)輸出脈沖信號(hào)到驅(qū)動(dòng)器芯片L298（內(nèi)部電路的H橋驅(qū)動(dòng)電路）來(lái)進(jìn)行控制的。當(dāng)由按鍵輸入停止信息時(shí)，電梯停運(yùn)，此時(shí)，由紅外探測(cè)電路測(cè)得的當(dāng)前位置的反饋信號(hào)就是電梯的實(shí)時(shí)運(yùn)行狀態(tài)，此狀態(tài)將通過(guò)LCD1602顯示出來(lái)。3 系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì)3.1 步進(jìn)電機(jī)駕駛模塊設(shè)計(jì)步進(jìn)電機(jī)

37、驅(qū)動(dòng)電路如圖3所示。L298 集成芯片的輸入端口連接系統(tǒng)微控制器I/O端口，輸出端口連接兩相四線步進(jìn)電機(jī)的信號(hào)輸入端口。單片機(jī)I/O端口輸出一定的脈沖信號(hào)到驅(qū)動(dòng)器芯片以控制其輸出，從而使步進(jìn)電機(jī)正向或反向旋轉(zhuǎn)。步進(jìn)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速與輸入脈沖頻率成正比，這意味著脈沖的輸入頻率越高，步進(jìn)電機(jī)的旋轉(zhuǎn)速度越快，反之亦然。L298芯片的內(nèi)部電路是H橋式驅(qū)動(dòng)器電路，如圖4所示。VD1 ，VD2 ，VD3 ，VD4是用以保護(hù)驅(qū)動(dòng)電路的續(xù)流二極管。當(dāng)Q1，Q4三極管H橋電路由開變?yōu)殛P(guān)閉，電流不能迅速改變， 繼續(xù)按原始方向流動(dòng)，VD2 ，VD3此時(shí)提供回路電流。當(dāng)Q1，Q4斷開，形成續(xù)流回路如下：接地VD3步進(jìn)電機(jī)VD2虛擬通道連接。同樣，當(dāng)Q2，Q3由開變?yōu)殛P(guān)閉，VD1，VD4提供回路電流，續(xù)流回路如下：接地VD4步進(jìn)電機(jī)VD1虛擬通道連接。D1和D6 ，D2和D5， D3和D8 ，D4和D7是續(xù)流驅(qū)動(dòng)電路中的二極管。3.2 紅外檢測(cè)模塊設(shè)計(jì)紅外檢測(cè)電路由紅外發(fā)射與接收管組成，如圖5所示。紅外發(fā)光管安裝在O，A，B，C點(diǎn)。紅外接收管安裝在O，A，B，C點(diǎn)。當(dāng)紅外接收管接收紅外線信號(hào)，其電阻相當(dāng)小，在A點(diǎn)電壓約為4V的。