聲學包設計與優(yōu)化 綜合

1、楊勇大友科技北京總部材料、設計及優(yōu)化車輛聲學包開發(fā)技術3 copyright T&S Technology -2012Part1 聲學包開發(fā)的意義Part2 聲學包開發(fā)的內容Part3 聲學材料性能測試方法Part4 聲學包開發(fā) CAE 方法Part5 應用開發(fā)實例報 告 內 容4 copyright T&S Technology -2012聲 學 包 開 發(fā) 的 意 義Part 15 copyright T&S Technology -2012聲 學 包 開 發(fā) 的 意 義路面/底盤噪聲源動力傳動系噪聲源Structure-borne NoiseAirborne No

2、ise傳動系統(tǒng)通過車身/底盤的傳播路面/底盤通過車身的傳播Wind noise6 copyright T&S Technology -2012聲 學 包 開 發(fā) 的 意 義路面/底盤噪聲源動力傳動系噪聲源Structure-borne NoiseAirborne Noise傳動系統(tǒng)通過車身/底盤的傳播路面/底盤通過車身的傳播Wind noise聲學包解決方案聲學包解決方案7 copyright T&S Technology -2012聲 學 包 開 發(fā) 的 意 義Noise PerformanceCostWeightSpaceA balanced Solution8 copyr

3、ight T&S Technology -2012聲 學 包 開 發(fā) 的 內 容Part29 copyright T&S Technology -2012整 車 N V H 開 發(fā) 流指標設定指標設定/分解分解標桿研究標桿研究NVHCAE/DVP驗證驗證樣車調校樣車調校10 copyright T&S Technology -2012聲 學 包 開 發(fā) 流 程指標設定指標設定/分解分解標桿研究標桿研究NVHCAE/DVP驗證驗證樣車調校樣車調校聲學包指標設定及分解地板/車門等TL地毯傳遞損失中控臺傳遞損失發(fā)動機艙/乘客艙吸聲系數(shù)艙蓋吸聲性能頂襯吸聲性能門吸聲性能聲學包設

4、計及驗證整車聲學包模型FEM/CADBOM/材料參數(shù)聲學包模型驗證現(xiàn)場TL測試Ideal load測試Real Load測試聲學包設計開發(fā)滿足目標性能的聲學包開發(fā)聲學包調校及優(yōu)化密封性能檢測NPA分析聲學包優(yōu)化聲學性能成本/重量/尺寸材料類型/厚度聲學包對標測試材料性能對標吸聲材料性能隔聲材料性能子系統(tǒng)性能對標面板子系統(tǒng)座椅等子系統(tǒng)整車性能對標語音清晰度面板貢獻量11 copyright T&S Technology -2012聲 學 包 開 發(fā) 流 程指標設定指標設定/分解分解標桿研究標桿研究NVHCAE/DVP驗證驗證樣車調校樣車調校聲學包對標測試材料性能對標吸聲材料性能隔聲材料性

5、能子系統(tǒng)性能對標面板子系統(tǒng)座椅等子系統(tǒng)整車性能對標語音清晰度面板貢獻量12 copyright T&S Technology -2012吸聲系數(shù)測試法向入射吸聲系數(shù)無規(guī)入射吸聲系數(shù)傳遞損失測試駐波管法試驗室法阻尼材料測試Oberst 方法SAE 方法材 料 性 能 測 試13 copyright T&S Technology -2012傳遞損失測試標準混響室/全消聲室測試 混響室/混響室測試現(xiàn)場傳遞損失測試傳遞損失仿真（VA One）子系統(tǒng)吸聲量測試標準混響室ABS Cabin子 系 統(tǒng) 性 能 測 試14 copyright T&S Technology -2012聲

6、 學 包 開 發(fā) 流 程指標設定指標設定/分解分解標桿研究標桿研究NVHCAE/DVP驗證驗證樣車調校樣車調校聲學包指標設定及分解地板/車門等TL地毯傳遞損失中控臺傳遞損失發(fā)動機艙/乘客艙吸聲系數(shù)艙蓋吸聲性能頂襯吸聲性能門吸聲性能15 copyright T&S Technology -20122022-6-14聲 學 包 指 標 設 定 與 分 解16 copyright T&S Technology -2012聲 學 包 開 發(fā) 流 程指標設定指標設定/分解分解標桿研究標桿研究NVHCAE/DVP驗證驗證樣車調校樣車調校聲學包設計及驗證整車聲學包模型FEM/CADBOM/材

7、料參數(shù)聲學包模型驗證現(xiàn)場TL測試Ideal load測試Real Load測試聲學包設計開發(fā)滿足目標性能的聲學包開發(fā)17 copyright T&S Technology -2012整 車 聲 學 包 設 計18 copyright T&S Technology -2012SEA 模版模型CAD/FE 輸入材料數(shù)據(jù)庫各向同性材料：密度，彈性模量，泊松比，阻尼損耗因子各向異性材料：密度，彈性模量，泊松比，阻尼損耗因子多孔吸聲材料：吸聲系數(shù)/表面阻抗，孔隙率，流阻、彎曲率，溫度特征長度，粘滯特征長度阻尼材料：密度，阻尼損耗因子，彈性模量，泊松比質量材料：面密度 or IL or T

8、L激勵譜庫不同工況下各面板聲激勵聲 學 包 模 型 開 發(fā)19 copyright T&S Technology -2012理想載荷及工作載荷作用下的整車測試載荷譜及車內聲場響應測試子系統(tǒng)（如火墻、地板等）特性的測試傳遞損失測試整 車 聲 學 包 模 型 驗 證20 copyright T&S Technology -2012整車狀態(tài)下的NPA分析，明確關鍵傳遞路徑整 車 N P A 診 斷21 copyright T&S Technology -2012聲 學 包 設 計 與 驗 證22 copyright T&S Technology -2012地板、火墻等

9、板件傳遞損失優(yōu)化密封、填充等傳遞損失優(yōu)化部 件 子 系 統(tǒng) 優(yōu) 化23 copyright T&S Technology -2012發(fā)動機艙、頂襯、后備箱等吸聲性能設計部 件 子 系 統(tǒng) 優(yōu) 化Absorption, Sabine/m2 Frequency (Hz)Headliner Trim AbsorptionNHeadliner_WithFelt_v3NHeadliner_WithFelt_v2NHeadliner_WithFelt_Baseline24 copyright T&S Technology -2012聲 學 包 開 發(fā) 流 程指標設定指標設定/分解分解標桿研

10、究標桿研究NVHCAE/DVP驗證驗證樣車調校樣車調校聲學包調校及優(yōu)化密封性能檢測NPA分析聲學包優(yōu)化聲學性能成本/重量/尺寸材料類型/厚度25 copyright T&S Technology -2012密封性檢測鹽霧法超聲波法聲學包優(yōu)化NPA 分析優(yōu)化目標：聲學性能優(yōu)化約束：成本/重量/尺寸優(yōu)化變量：材料類型/厚度整 車 聲 學 包 調 校26 copyright T&S Technology -2012總 結整車NVH開發(fā)流程中的聲學包開發(fā)工作包括：對標測試：吸聲、隔聲、阻尼，質量、密度，空間分布、貢獻量，聲源級等等，關鍵制定合理的測試方案指標分解：CAE分析：SEA模型

11、、材料物性參數(shù)測試、聲源特性參數(shù)、NPA、制定優(yōu)化方案實車調教：實車NVH測試、檢漏測試、部件子系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化等27 copyright T&S Technology -2012聲 學 包 材 料 特 性 及 測 試 方 法Part 3聲 學 材 料 分 類29 copyright T&S Technology -2012吸聲材料物理特性隔聲材料物理特性阻尼材料物理特性T&S 解決方案本 節(jié) 內 容30 copyright T&S Technology -2012吸 聲 材 料 物 理 特 性31 copyright T&S Technology -2012多

12、 孔 吸 聲 材 料吸聲材料：具有大量的內外聯(lián)通的微小孔隙和孔洞吸聲機理黏滯性和內摩擦效應熱傳導效應吸聲性能評價指標法向入射吸聲系數(shù)混響室內測試吸聲系數(shù)32 copyright T&S Technology -2012混響室法： ISO 354/GB T20247/ASTM C423聲學 混響室吸聲測量，測量結果為無規(guī)入射吸聲系數(shù)駐波管法：ISO 10532/ASTM E-1050/ASTM C384，測量結果為法相入射吸聲系數(shù)吸 聲 系 數(shù) 測 試 方 法 和 標 準33 copyright T&S Technology -2012ISO 354 / ASTM C423 要求

13、樣本太大，由SAE 聲學材料委員會主持研究標準的小樣本混響室測試相當于ISO 354 / ASTM C423混響室體積的1/10 （甚至更?。?，每個混響箱須利用標準混響室進行標定利用脈沖響應法及施羅德原理 混 響 箱34 copyright T&S Technology -2012聲學材料性能本構方程Johnson-Champoux-Allard 開發(fā)5參數(shù)方程airflow resistivity , open porosity , tortuosity viscous characteristic length , thermal characteristic length 預 測

14、 方 法35 copyright T&S Technology -2012Flow resistivity：流阻，氣流流過結構的阻力，定義為其中 p 為氣流流過材料的壓力損失Vairflow 為氣體流量，d為材料厚度測試標準：EN 29053 std (ISO European std)幾 何 物 理 參 數(shù)36 copyright T&S Technology -2012Open Porosity：開孔孔隙率，材料內部流體體積與材料總體積的比值定義：閉孔孔隙率為零幾 何 物 理 參 數(shù)37 copyright T&S Technology -2012開孔孔隙率測試（N

15、o Std）利用理想氣體恒溫壓縮（玻意耳定律）幾 何 物 理 參 數(shù) 測 試38 copyright T&S Technology -2012Tortuosity：彎曲率，無量綱量，描述流體流過材料路徑的彎曲程度定義： 其中，v 為流體流速，V 為均一體積測試方法（No Std）：電學方法幾 何 物 理 參 數(shù)39 copyright T&S Technology -2012Viscous characteristic lengths：粘滯特征長度描述材料及內部流體相互作用的粘性力，定義：Thermal characteristic lengths：溫度特征長度描述材料及內部流

16、體之間的溫度交換，定義：其中，v 為流體流速，V 為內部流體體積， S 為內部孔隙與材料間的接觸面積幾 何 物 理 參 數(shù)40 copyright T&S Technology -2012Inverse method：遺傳算法，最小價值函數(shù)解幾 何 物 理 參 數(shù) 測 試41 copyright T&S Technology -2012analytical inversion method幾 何 參 數(shù) 測 試42 copyright T&S Technology -2012幾 何 物 理 參 數(shù) 測 試43 copyright T&S Technology -

17、2012材料拓撲分類Rigid Frame：結構遠遠強于內部氣體，如聚合物纖維、穿孔板等Limp：材料密度與內部氣體密度相當，結構非自支撐，多是纖維類Elastic frame：結構與內部流體相互作用，如巖棉多 孔 吸 聲 材 料 分 類聚合物纖維：Rigid Frame軟玻璃纖維：Limp巖棉： Elastic frame44 copyright T&S Technology -2012Poros-Elastic：需要知道力學參數(shù)楊氏模量（體積模量）泊松比內損耗因子力 學 性 能 參 數(shù)45 copyright T&S Technology -2012準靜態(tài)測試方法(No S

18、td)機械阻抗和側向變形力 學 性 能 測 試46 copyright T&S Technology -2012準靜態(tài)方法有限元靜力學仿真：任意確定一個彈性模量和損耗因子，選擇不同的泊松比計算，可以獲得 T 隨泊松比變化的函數(shù)利用試驗測試獲得的 T 和仿真的結果可以得到材料的泊松比力 學 性 能 測 試47 copyright T&S Technology -2012準靜態(tài)方法有限元靜力學仿真：確定泊松比，變化不同的彈性模量可以獲得壓縮剛度 K 隨楊氏模量變化的函數(shù)利用試驗測試的 K 和仿真的結果可以得到材料的楊氏模量力 學 性 能 測 試48 copyright T&

19、S Technology -2012隔 聲 材 料 物 理 特 性49 copyright T&S Technology -2012聲障：隔斷噪聲從一個空間向其臨近空間的傳播反射能力強，吸聲性能差材料密實，透射聲能小STL：傳遞損失隔 聲 材 料 （ 聲 障 ）材料表面入射聲能量材料表面透射聲能量1log1010STL50 copyright T&S Technology -2012隔聲原理：質量定律 其中f為頻率，w為面密度雙墻結構：同質量的雙層墻比單層墻隔聲量大5-10dB柔性材料：防止材料與結構共振非開孔材料大質量47log2010fwSTL隔 聲 材 料 （ 聲 障 ）

20、51 copyright T&S Technology -2012典型聲障材料Thermoplastic barriers with fillers(high mass per surface area)Barriers with fiber or foam decouplers Fiber/mastic/fiber constructions Lightweight impervious membranes 障板產(chǎn)品：地板系統(tǒng)、火墻絕緣板、密封材料隔 聲 材 料 （ 聲 障 ）52 copyright T&S Technology -2012各 種 S T L 測 試 方 法

21、SAE J1400 空氣聲隔聲性能的試驗室測試方法ASTM E90 / ISO 140空氣聲隔聲性能的標準試驗室測試方法ISO 15186-1聲強測試法53 copyright T&S Technology -2012S A E J 1 4 0 0STL測試要求：混響室-半消聲室參考樣本（均勻柔性面板） 隨機噪聲 測量聲源及半消聲室內SPL測試樣本 隨機噪聲 測量聲源及半消聲室內SPL54 copyright T&S Technology -2012I S O 1 4 0 / A S T M E 9 0STL測試要求：混響-混響測試Audio AmpllifierInterna

22、l light absorptionWalls with TL of 30 dB at 100 HzMicrophones systemSteel plate and sample position55 copyright T&S Technology -2012STL測試要求：混響-全消I S O 1 5 1 8 6 聲 強 法56 copyright T&S Technology -2012阻 尼 材 料 物 理 特 性57 copyright T&S Technology -2012通常為聚合物材料，用于面板表面降低 / 耗散振動耗散過程將機械能轉化為熱能常見阻尼

23、產(chǎn)品：Asphalt Melt SheetsFoil Constrained Layer DampersSpray On ( Epoxy, Water based)Expandable Patch Constrained Layer (PCL)Laminated Steel Sheet阻 尼 材 料58 copyright T&S Technology -2012阻尼材料應用效果阻 尼 材 料59 copyright T&S Technology -2012應用FloorDash panelRoofDoorsBrakes阻 尼 材 料SAE J671 利用基礎板自由振動衰減率測

24、試復合材料振動阻尼SAE J1637 利用支撐鋼梁測試復合材料振動阻尼的試驗室方法ASTM E756 測試材料振動阻尼的方法阻 尼 損 耗 因 子 測 試 標 準61 copyright T&S Technology -2012通過振動衰減率測試阻尼的方法可以測試材料的各種應用對阻尼的影響可以獲得特定頻率和隨溫度變化的阻尼不能測試復模量信息測試要求基礎板件尺寸：500 x 500 x 6 mm共振頻率 145 to 165 Hz，常溫下自由振動衰減率不超過3dBS A E J 6 7 1 測 試 方 法62 copyright T&S Technology -20122022-

25、6-14S A E J 6 7 163 copyright T&S Technology -2012可以在特定的頻率和溫度下激勵阻尼桿確定共振頻率，并通過半功率帶寬方法計算阻尼損耗因子對其它振動激勵和溫度下的進行重復測量SAE J1637 用于測試復合的損耗因子，ASTM E756用于測試獨立的材料O b e r s t B a r - S A E J 1 6 3 7 / A S T M E - 7 5 6cff64 copyright T&S Technology -2012T & S 解 決 方 案65 copyright T&S Technology -2

26、012CharacteristicsMaterial typePARAMETERSTANDARDMETHODOLOGYMass LayerFoamFiberAlpha SabineISO 354 and ASTM stdISO std Reverberant room ca 200 m3NoYesYesAlternative ABS-CAB methodNoYessee ABS-CAB cabineYessee ABS-CAB cabineTransmission LossISO 140/x or ASTM equivalent ISO 140/x std: 2 reverberant roo

27、ms face to faceYesYesYesEquivalent to ISO standard aboveAlternative: Reverberant room in the ground and Anechoic chamber on topYesYessee TL or ILYessee TL or ILNo standardAlternative: 2 box on top each other - Fiat-Peugeot methodYesYessee TL small Yessee TL small Insertion lossNo standardSame as TL

28、above with unknown material layer laynig on top of fixed metal plateYesYessee TL or ILYessee TL or ILBulk ModulusNo standardMechanical stifness measurement and 3-d modelingNoYessee Bulk ModulusYessee Bulk ModulusDamping loss FactorOberst method DIN/ISO stdYesYessee OberstYessee OberstSAE method stdY

29、es Youngs modulusOberst method DIN/ISO stdYesYessee OberstYessee OberstPoisson RatioNo standardLaser beam static experiment YesYesAiflow ResistivityEN 29053 std (ISO European std)Forced air through sampleNoYessee Flow ResistanceYessee Flow ResistancePorosityNo standardNoYesYesTurtuosityNo standardEl

30、ectrical methodNoYessee TortuosityYessee TortuosityAbsorption + ImpedanceISO and ASTM standardsKundt Tube method Transfer FunctionNoYessee KundtYessee KundtNo standardKunt Impulse ResponseNoYessee KundtYessee KundtPlane wave Transmission LossNo standardsDouble Kundt tubeYesYessee KundtYessee KundtNo

31、 standardsDouble Kundt tube Impulse Response methodYesYessee KundtYessee KundtImpedance and physical modelNo standardNew Kundt tube version YesYesSolutions 匯總匯總66 copyright T&S Technology -2012Kundt tube：阻抗管系統(tǒng)：阻抗管系統(tǒng)SCS 9020B 系列駐波管吸聲系數(shù)復反射系數(shù)復表面阻抗傳遞損失復質量密度復體積模量67 copyright T&S Technology -2012I

32、SO standard 10534-2 it is not very good actually and we do not recommend to follow it in total.Our recommendation it is to use the positions M1 and M2 or M2 and MII which are the original positions in the earlier ISO and are also the best one in our experience.Mic. Positions R and MI have been intro

33、duced due to the latest revision of ISO 10534-2 which requires a higher Microphones distance for low frequencies. However, if you want to use position R, you shall move the sample about 15cm away to assure a minimum distance between the Mic. R and the sample. You just have to move backward the pisto

34、n, it is very simple.R M2 M1 MIIMIKundt tube：吸聲系數(shù)測試配置：吸聲系數(shù)測試配置68 copyright T&S Technology -2012Microphones positions1 2Microphones positions3 4SampleSound Source1 or 2 Loads(anechoic terminations)unu*nTL 測試沒有相關的ISO或者ASTM標準3 microphones method or “single” load TL Modulus only4 microphones method

35、or “two-loads” TL Modulus, f f, ZcKundt tube：吸聲系數(shù)測試配置：吸聲系數(shù)測試配置69 copyright T&S Technology -2012From ISO 10534 it can be seen that Sound absorption coefficient of the material can be determined using Standardized Kundt apparatus with 2 methods:SWT “standing wave ratio” and TF “transfer function m

36、ethod”While the SWT intrinsically get to single Frequency values, steady state sinusoidal excitation, the TF is based on FFT and FRF so it get to expressed in a full spectrumA problem: how to derive 1/3 or 1/1 octave values from TF method?Common sense says: take the values at the Frequencies corresp

37、onding to 1/3 octave bands nominal value!New methodology based on the measurement of the reverberation time in the tube.It can be considered a kind of hybrid among ISO 10534 but it is more precise and energetically correct.The sound signal is an exponential sine sweep of which it is measured the Imp

38、ulse Response Function IRF.By convoluting the IFR with 1/3 octaves IIR we obtain the from a “whole” 1/3 octave bands and not just from a single Frequency line!Sine SweepIRFKundt device with add.on elements for T60Kundt Tube extended metodologies (T60)70 copyright T&S Technology -2012Everything i

39、s compatible with standard Kundt deviceCircled items are add-on for T60Squared items are standardSample IISample ILoudspeakerOnly 1 micorphone is necessaryImpulse Response (from T60 measurment)A new method for the measurement of single and coupled absorption coefficients It is based on the reverbera

40、tion time in the Kundt tubeThe method produces 1/3 octave band sound absorption values and complies with ISO-ASTM results but resolves ambiguities in the conversion of FFT values into 1/3 octave values. The sound energy is injected at side and moves in both directions and build up the standing waves

41、After each impact of the plane waves with the samples at the ends the intensity of the waves is reduced yelding to the concept of Reverberation TimeReverberation time (T60) is obtained from the measurement of the impulse response using a methodology known as “exponential sine sweep”: Squared Impulse

42、 Response and Schroeder back-integration to evaluate the reverberation time in the tube with an exceptional S/N ratio. Comparison of results for 0 using ISO-ASTM method (TF) and the Impulse Response (TF) for T60 evaluationTransmission Loss measurements in a tube can also be performed.The excitation

43、signal is a sine sweep and the impulse response of each microphone position is determined. The maxima peaks shift of the measurements gives the distance x1 to x4 and the amplitude coefficient of the Complex Pressure function are determined and used to estimated the coefficient of Transfer Function M

44、atrix Kundt Tube extended metodologies (T60)71 copyright T&S Technology -2012ABS Cabine: 混響箱系統(tǒng)SCS 9031 ABS Cabine樣本尺寸 1m*1.2m頻率范圍： 500 8000Hz 1/1 Octave 315 8000 Hz 1/3 Octave空間5個測試點，內部配置自動旋轉定位裝置；墻壁由多層復合結構制成，隔聲量優(yōu)于20dB(100Hz)；專業(yè)后處理軟件：基于施羅德原理，Windows XP72 copyright T&S Technology -2012SCS9023流

45、阻測試（EN 29053）電子速度控制器標定杯可調樣品夾具可替換凸輪直徑100mm管體，包括活塞和齒輪傳動電機1/2“ 麥克風及附件專業(yè)后處理軟件Flow Resistivity：流阻測試系統(tǒng)73 copyright T&S Technology -2012SCS 9028 開孔孔隙率測試適用于開孔性材料測試，如 纖維、毛氈、泡沫等高精度驅動控制，微米級空腔壓力差為0.3-1 mm Hg之間測試精度優(yōu)于 1 %Porosity：開孔率測試系統(tǒng)74 copyright T&S Technology -2012SCS 9025 彎曲率測試系統(tǒng)（No Std）圓柱形水箱、測量箱試樣夾

46、具、電極、管路及連接件桌面型寬頻帶功率推動器，帶有高、低通濾波器專業(yè)測量分析軟件包Turtuosity：彎曲率測試系統(tǒng)75 copyright T&S Technology -2012PAM-RC RoKCell software determine parameters related to visco-inertial and thermal dissipation inside a porous material following JCAL (Johnson Champoux Allard Lafarge) model. It allows for the determinat

47、ion of 5 parameters: the static air flow resistivity, the high frequency limit of the dynamic tortuosity, the viscous and thermal characteristic lengths the static thermal permeability. It is “unique” for 2 reasons:the implemented method consists in an analytical inversion of all non-directly measur

48、able parameters: it does not rely on any curve fitting; method described by Panneton & Olny in their 2006 and 2008 publications. It allows the determination of the static thermal permeability:a parameter introduced by Lafarge et al. to improve the description of the thermal dissipation inside po

49、rous media. PAM-RC Software76 copyright T&S Technology -2012PAM-RC RoKCell softwareRoKCell main panel:IN the example it shows Normal incidence absorption coefficient measured vs. estimated resultscharacterization windows for visco-inertial (tortuosity, viscous characteristic length) main paramet

50、er is complex mass density.Characterization windows for thermal parameters (thermal characteristic length, static thermal permeability) main parameter is Bulk modulusPAM-RC Software77 copyright T&S Technology -2012PAM-RC RoKCell software - How it works? As simple as 1, 2 and 3Preliminary:Get Kun

51、dt tube data: Complex impedance, TL, complex mass density and Bulk modulusGet Open porosity or try a first guess (0.8 to 0.9)Step 1Adjust cursors in the characterization windows for visco-inertial (tortuosity, viscous characteristic length) main parameter is complex mass density in the low frequency

52、 range until obtaining a good correspondance between experimental data and theoretical ones Step 2Adjust cursors in the Characterization windows for thermal parameters (thermal characteristic length, static thermal permeability) main parameter is Bulk modulus - in the mid frequency range until obtai

53、ning a good correspondance between experimental data and theoretical ones Step 3Go to PAM-RC RoKCell main panel (Normal incidence absorption coefficient, TL, or Impedance) and adjust porosity to obtain the best correspondance between measured vs. estimated resultsValidationResults check: Run “Auto”

54、mode to estimate the whole set of parameters and check if the previous analytical results are confirmed.Standard physical model is JCAL with 6 parametersAlternatively it also works based on Delany and Bazley model with Flow resistivity as single parameter All experimental data, estimated data and ot

55、her information are stored in “txt” readable files.PAM-RC Software78 copyright T&S Technology -2012SCS 9026 彈性測試測試系統(tǒng)動態(tài)楊氏模量，動剛度，阻尼損耗因子等鋼&鋁制機械結構步進式正弦信號發(fā)生器及閉環(huán)控制器靜態(tài)楊氏模量及泊松比測試選項包含加載機構壓縮材料，通過兩組多束激光測量側向變形，分辨率達到10 micron真空測試環(huán)境選項真空環(huán)境艙及真空泵，環(huán)境可達到100 mBASeismic table 桌面Mechanical stifness：彈性參數(shù)測試系統(tǒng)79 cop

56、yright T&S Technology -2012隔聲測試解決方案非標準產(chǎn)品可根據(jù)客戶要求提供符合各種標準要求的大、中、小型隔聲測試方案80 copyright T&S Technology -2012SCS 9022 SAE 阻尼測試方案測試基礎鋼板 600 x 600m 5mm 厚承載板及彈性支撐裝置等ICP型力錘， 0 to 445N, 11.2 mV/N加速度傳感器，ICP型，靈敏度7mV/g專業(yè)后處理軟件SAE J671 阻尼測試系統(tǒng)81 copyright T&S Technology -2012Oberst Bar 阻尼測試系統(tǒng)SCS 9021 Obe

57、rst 測試系統(tǒng)測試專用臺架、可調整夾具及機械臂電磁激振器及電源適配器等高溫、非接觸感應式位移傳感器位移傳感器信號輸入調理，BNC輸出參考鋼桿300 x10 mm 1mm 厚專業(yè)后處理軟件82 copyright T&S Technology -2012聲 學 包 開 發(fā) C A E 仿 真Part 583 copyright T&S Technology -20122022-6-14材 料 預 測 模 型84 copyright T&S Technology -2012任意截面形狀圓柱孔內空氣的有效密度和有效模量其中材 料 預 測 模 型 - 介 觀 力 學85 co

58、pyright T&S Technology -2012剛性框架材料內的聲傳播從幾何框架出發(fā)模擬多孔材料的等效密度和模量難度很大，因此多數(shù)建模采用了 phenomenological 理論（homogenization theory），其中 Johnson and Champoux and Allard 的工作得到了廣泛認可很明顯，有效密度和有效模量取決于材料的 5 個幾何參數(shù)airflow resistivity , open porosity , tortuosity viscous characteristic length , thermal characteristic le

59、ngth 材 料 預 測 模 型 - 均 質 理 論86 copyright T&S Technology -2012表面阻抗及傳播常數(shù)Delany and Bazley 模型適合玻璃棉和較軟的巖棉材 料 預 測 模 型 - 半 經(jīng) 驗 公 式87 copyright T&S Technology -2012針對多孔彈性材料，并假設材料為均質和各向同性材 料 預 測 模 型 - B i o t 原 理88 copyright T&S Technology -2012S t a t i s t i c a l E n e r g y A n a l y s i sTypi

60、cal applicationsAssemblies doors, cockpits, etc.Systems and sub sub-systemsComplete vehicles interior & exteriorTypical frequency range 500 to 10k HzAdvantagesGeometric detail not criticalAccurate to higher frequenciesSolution times relatively short (min.)Moderate computing power needsDisadvanta

61、gesRequires structural structural-acoustic expertiseValidation testing can be complicated complicated89 copyright T&S Technology -2012H y b r i d F E M / S E A M e t h o d Typical applicationsComplete vehicle modelsComponentsTypical frequency range 10 to 10k HzAdvantagesNearly full frequency rangeDisadvantagesEmerging technology Not much experienc