《2022年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測》英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析(共35張PPT)

1、英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析一、簡單句的五種基本句型一、簡單句的五種基本句型： 1、主語、主語+連系動詞連系動詞+表語表語 如： He became exhausted . It proves to be right. The machine is broken. 連系動詞有： be,seem,appear,keep,prove,turn out/look,feel,sound,smell,taste/ become,grow,get,turn,go,come (true), fall(ill,asleep)2、主語、主語+謂語（謂語（及物動詞或短語及物動詞或短語）+賓語賓語 如：They

2、 decided to hold a class meeting.We depend on our parents for food and clothing.3、主語、主語+謂語（不及物動詞或短語）謂語（不及物動詞或短語）（+狀語）狀語） 如：The sun rises in the east.The Opium War broke out in 1839.4、主語、主語+及物動詞及物動詞+間接賓語間接賓語+直接賓語直接賓語 如：My father bought me an electronic dictionary.Mr. Wang teaches us chemistry. 用于此句型的

3、動詞有：buy,find,bring,give,teach,pass,show,tell, do,leave,get,lend,lose,cost,offer,promise,sing, write,deny,envy5、主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語 如：Marx made London the base for his revolutionary work.The boy made his sister cry.Our teacher encouraged us to work hard.二、句子的成分：二、句子的成分：1、主語、主語：是一個句子所要說明的人和事物，：是一個句子所要說明的

4、人和事物， 是一是一 句的主體。句的主體。 1）、）、The sun rises in the east. 2)、He likes dancing. 3)、Twenty years is a short time in history. 4)、Seeing is believing. 5)、To see is to believe. 6)、What he needs is a book. 7)、It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. 作主語的有：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、作主語的有：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不

5、定式、 動名動名詞和主語從句。詞和主語從句。2、謂語謂語：它是說明主語的動作或狀態(tài)：它是說明主語的動作或狀態(tài) 的。的。 作謂語的有：及物動詞或動詞短語作謂語的有：及物動詞或動詞短語(助動詞助動詞 /情態(tài)動詞系動詞情態(tài)動詞系動詞+動詞）。動詞）。 1)We study English. 2）Be quiet . I am thinking. 3)Even experts can make mistakes. 4)He doesnt want to be a journalist. 5）I am always worried about my little pet. 6)He is asleep.

6、 3、賓語、賓語：它是表示及物動詞或及物動詞：它是表示及物動詞或及物動詞 短語所作用的對象的。短語所作用的對象的。1)I like China. 2)He hates you. 3)How many do you need? We need two. 4)We should help the old and the poor.5)I enjoy working with you. 6)I hope to see you again. 7)Did you write down what he said? 作賓語的有：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動作賓語的有：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞和賓語從

7、句。名詞和賓語從句。 1.He gave me a book yesterday. 2.Give the poor man some money.劃線部分是？1.Are you afraid of the snake? 2.Under the snow, there are many rocks.介詞后的名詞、代詞和動名詞介詞后的名詞、代詞和動名詞介賓介賓雙賓語雙賓語間賓（指人）和直賓（指物）間賓（指人）和直賓（指物）4、表語、表語：它是放在連系動詞之后表示主語的：它是放在連系動詞之后表示主語的 身份或特征。身份或特征。作表語的有：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、介作表語的有：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容

8、詞、介詞短語、表地點(diǎn)或方位的副詞、不定式、動名詞短語、表地點(diǎn)或方位的副詞、不定式、動名詞、分詞和表語從句。詞、分詞和表語從句。1、He is a teacher. 2、 Seventy-four! You dont look it.3、Five and five is ten. 4、He is asleep. 5、His father is in. 6、The picture is on the wall. 7、My watch is gone / missing / lost. 8、To wear a flower is to say “Im poor, I cant buy a ring.

9、 9、The question is whether they will come. 5、定語、定語：它是限定、修飾名詞或代詞用的。：它是限定、修飾名詞或代詞用的。 1.Ai Yeanling is a chemistry teacher. 2.He is our friend. 3.We belong to the third world. 4.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.5.The man over there is my old friend. 6.The woman with a baby in her arms is m

10、y sister. 7.The boys playing football are in Class 2. 8.The trees planted last year are growing well now. 9.I have an idea to do it well. 10.You should do everything that I do. 名詞、形容詞、名詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短數(shù)詞、介詞短語、不定式、語、不定式、分詞、動名詞分詞、動名詞和定語從句和定語從句位置位置呢？呢？6、狀語、狀語：它是修飾動詞、形容詞、副：它是修飾動詞、形容詞、副 詞或全句用的。詞或全句用的。 1) I w

11、ill go there tomorrow. 2) The meeting will be held in the meeting room. 3）The meat went bad because of the hot weather. 4）He studies hard to learn English well. 5）He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam. 6） I like some of you very much. 7）If you study hard, you will pass the exam. 8）He goe

12、s to school by bike. 9）Though he is young, he can do it well. 作狀語的有：副詞（短語）、介詞短語、作狀語的有：副詞（短語）、介詞短語、 不定式、分詞（短語）、名詞短語和狀不定式、分詞（短語）、名詞短語和狀語從句。語從句。 狀語說明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)狀語說明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、程度、方式、伴隨情果、條件、讓步、程度、方式、伴隨情況等。況等。 其位置多位于句首或句尾其位置多位于句首或句尾;修飾動詞的常修飾動詞的常跟在動詞后面跟在動詞后面;但表頻率或程度的副詞應(yīng)但表頻率或程度的副詞應(yīng)位于句中位于句中be動詞、

13、情態(tài)動詞和助動詞之動詞、情態(tài)動詞和助動詞之后，實(shí)義動詞之前。后，實(shí)義動詞之前。7、補(bǔ)足語、補(bǔ)足語：補(bǔ)充說明句中的主語：補(bǔ)充說明句中的主語或者賓語的。或者賓語的。 1)We elected him monitor. 2)We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. 3)We will make them happy4) We found nobody in. 5)Please make yourself at home. 6）Dont let him do that.7）His father advised him to teach the l

14、azy boy a lesson. 8）Dont keep the lights burning. 9）Ill have my bike repaired. 作補(bǔ)足語的有：作補(bǔ)足語的有：名詞、形容詞、名詞、形容詞、介詞短語、介詞短語、 不不定式和分詞（短定式和分詞（短語）。語）。主補(bǔ)：對主語的補(bǔ)充。主補(bǔ)：對主語的補(bǔ)充。1.He was elected monitor. （名（名詞）詞）2.She was found singing in the next room. （現(xiàn)在分詞）（現(xiàn)在分詞）3.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （不定

15、式）（不定式）8、同位語同位語：把一個名詞（短語）、代詞：把一個名詞（短語）、代詞 或從或從 句放在另一名詞或代詞后，用句放在另一名詞或代詞后，用 以說明前者的性質(zhì)或情況，這樣的名詞代以說明前者的性質(zhì)或情況，這樣的名詞代詞或從句叫同位語。詞或從句叫同位語。 1） We Chinese people love peace.2）Our monitor，Li Qiang , is a warm-hearted guy.3)I heard the news that we had won the competition.三、句子種類兩種分類法三、句子種類兩種分類法1、按句子的用途可分四種：、按句子的用

16、途可分四種：1）陳述句陳述句（肯定、否定）：（肯定、否定）：He is six years old.2）疑問句疑問句（一般、特殊、選擇、反意）：（一般、特殊、選擇、反意）： Do they like skating? How old is he? Mary can swim, cant she? 3）祈使句祈使句：Be careful, boys. Dont talk in class4）感嘆句感嘆句：How clever the boy is!2、按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種：、按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種： 1) 簡單句簡單句2) 并列句并列句3) 復(fù)合句復(fù)合句1）簡單句簡單句：只有一個主語（或并：只有一

17、個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）。語）。 1） He often reads English in the morning.2）Tom and Mike are American boys.3）She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. 注意：我們可以給句子的注意：我們可以給句子的動詞加上副詞動詞加上副詞修修飾，給飾，給名詞加上形容詞、介詞短語名詞加上形容詞、介詞短語修飾，修飾，給句子加上給句子加上狀語狀語進(jìn)行修飾等，以使整個句進(jìn)行修飾等，以使整個句子的意思變得更

18、加的豐富和充實(shí)。但不管子的意思變得更加的豐富和充實(shí)。但不管如何變，都只有如何變，都只有一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。lHe worked hard all his life. (劃線部分在劃線部分在句中作狀語，修飾動詞句中作狀語，修飾動詞worked)lHe is a school student in No. 1 Middle School. (劃線部分在句中作定語，修飾名劃線部分在句中作定語，修飾名詞詞student)2) 并列句：并列句：句型：句型：簡單句簡單句+并列連詞并列連詞+簡單句簡單句并列句是由兩個或兩個以上的簡單句并列句是由兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連接而成。并列句中的各簡單句意義連接

19、而成。并列句中的各簡單句意義同等重要，同等重要，相互之間沒有從屬關(guān)系，相互之間沒有從屬關(guān)系，是平行并列的關(guān)系是平行并列的關(guān)系。它們之間用連詞。它們之間用連詞連結(jié)。連結(jié)。e.g. You help him and he helps you.The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 并列句的分類并列句的分類1、表示連接、表示連接兩個同等概念兩個同等概念，常用，常用and, not onlybut also, neithernor, then等連接。等連接。e.g. The teachers name is Smith, and the students

20、 name is John.2、表示、表示選擇選擇，常用的連詞有，常用的連詞有or, eitheror, otherwise等。等。 e.g. Hurry up, or youll miss the train.3、表示、表示轉(zhuǎn)折轉(zhuǎn)折，常用的連詞有，常用的連詞有but, yet, while等。等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.4、表示、表示因果因果關(guān)系，常用的連詞有關(guān)系，常用的連詞有so, fo

21、r等。等。e.g. August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.3）復(fù)合句：）復(fù)合句：含有一個或一個以上從句含有一個或一個以上從句 的句子。的句子。從句包括從句包括名詞性從句名詞性從句（主語從句、賓語從（主語從句、賓語從 句、表語從句和同位語從句）句、表語從句和同位語從句） 定語從句和狀語從句定語從句和狀語從句等。等。句型句型主句主句+連詞連詞+從句；或連詞從句；或連詞+從句從句+主句主句le.g. The foreign visitors took a lo

22、t of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.復(fù)合句就是復(fù)合句就是含有兩個或兩個以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)含有兩個或兩個以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的的句子。這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，必定有一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)句子。這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，必定有一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是句子的主句部分，而另一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)則是句子的主句部分，而另一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)則是句子的次要部分，即從句部分。是句子的次要部分，即從句部分。As is known to all, China is getting more and more powerful. (As 引導(dǎo)一個定語從引導(dǎo)一個定語從句句)Where there is a will, there is

23、 a way. (Where引導(dǎo)一個表地點(diǎn)的狀語從句引導(dǎo)一個表地點(diǎn)的狀語從句)Exercises 判斷句型判斷句型1.Having finished his homework, the boy went on to help his mother.2. What he says doesnt suit what he does. (簡單句簡單句劃線部分在句中作狀語劃線部分在句中作狀語) (復(fù)合句復(fù)合句包含兩個名詞性從句：包含兩個名詞性從句：What he says 是一個主語從句；是一個主語從句；what he does 是一是一個賓語從句個賓語從句)3. We often study Chi

24、nese history on Friday afternoon.4. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.5. There is a chair in this room, isnt there?簡單句簡單句復(fù)合句復(fù)合句簡單句簡單句6. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.7. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.8. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the mo

25、rning and come back home at seven in the evening.并列句并列句 復(fù)合句復(fù)合句 簡單句簡單句9. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.10. What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it?11. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.12. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.并列句并列句 復(fù)合句復(fù)合句 簡單句簡單句簡單

26、句簡單句l1. _ down the radio - the babys asleep in the next room.lA. Turning B. To turnC. Turned D. Turnl2. Would you like a cup of coffee _ shall we get down to business right away?lA. andB. thenC. or D. otherwisel3. She set out soon after dark _ home an hour later.lA. arrivingB. to arrivelC. having ar

27、rived D. and arrivedl4. She thought I was talking about her daughter, _, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.lA. whom B. whereC. which D. whilel5. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of that l6. After ten years, she changed a lot and looked different from _ she used to be. A. that B, whom C. what D. whol7. _ seve