英語分詞的用法

1、Participle現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞: 表示動(dòng)作是表示動(dòng)作是主動(dòng)主動(dòng)的和的和正在進(jìn)行正在進(jìn)行過去分詞過去分詞: 表示動(dòng)作是表示動(dòng)作是被動(dòng)被動(dòng)的和的和完成完成 分詞的結(jié)構(gòu)分詞的結(jié)構(gòu) 3. 作賓語補(bǔ)足語作賓語補(bǔ)足語 2. 作定語作定語 4. 作狀語作狀語 1. 作表語作表語分詞在句中可作的成分P59依次分析每句話中，分詞作什么成分：定語定語原因狀語原因狀語定語定語賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)伴隨狀語伴隨狀語1. 原因狀語原因狀語I. Past participle used as attributes （定語）（定語） 1.位置位置: 單個(gè)分詞位于名詞前，短語則在名詞后單個(gè)分詞位于名詞前，短語則在名詞后,被過去分詞所

2、修飾的名詞，就是該分詞的邏輯被過去分詞所修飾的名詞，就是該分詞的邏輯主語主語。 The stolen car was found by the police last week. The speaker answered all the questions raised by the audience. 2.作用作用-相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句 （2）The book, written in1957, tells the struggle of the miners.=Is there anything that has been planned for tonight?（1）Is

3、there anything planned for tonight ？=The book, which was written in 1957, tells the struggle of the miners.考點(diǎn)：分詞的進(jìn)行式表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行 試比較：試比較：The problem discussed yesterday has something to do with daily life. （表示完成）（表示完成）2. The problem being discussed now has nothing to do with daily life. （表示正在進(jìn)行）（表示正在進(jìn)行）

4、三級(jí)鏈接The new airpot (build) _ now is 30 miles away from the city and is much larger than old one.答案：答案： being built. 空格處需用現(xiàn)在分詞的空格處需用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)來表示被動(dòng)和正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，被動(dòng)語態(tài)來表示被動(dòng)和正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，且在句中作定語，修飾先行詞且在句中作定語，修飾先行詞airport.2. The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B.C.,did not inlude women players until 1912. plays B. to play

5、C. playing D. played答案：答案： D。 本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分詞短語本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分詞短語做后置定語，與所修飾的詞有被動(dòng)或動(dòng)賓做后置定語，與所修飾的詞有被動(dòng)或動(dòng)賓的關(guān)系，只能用過去分詞。的關(guān)系，只能用過去分詞?？键c(diǎn)：考點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在分詞通常用來修飾現(xiàn)在分詞通常用來修飾物物；過去分詞通常；過去分詞通常用來修飾用來修飾人人或與人感情色彩、面部表情相關(guān)的詞?；蚺c人感情色彩、面部表情相關(guān)的詞。 an interesting story; a surprised look an exciting football match; a group of excited football

6、fans a shocking news; a shocked face常見的這類此有：常見的這類此有：interesting interested encouraging encouraged delightingdelighted disappointingdisappointed pleasingpleased puzzlingpuzzled satisfyingsatisfied surprisingsurprised worrying-worriedII. Past participles used as predictive（表語）表語）1. 過去分詞作表語過去分詞作表語，表示主語

7、所處的狀態(tài)，表示主語所處的狀態(tài)， 其邏輯主語就是句子的主語其邏輯主語就是句子的主語。The window is broken.The inner gate was locked.She was greatly excited.2. 與現(xiàn)在分詞作表語的區(qū)別：與現(xiàn)在分詞作表語的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞：主語的特征或性質(zhì)，：主語的特征或性質(zhì)，“令人令人”，有主動(dòng)意，有主動(dòng)意思。思。e.g. How disappointing the election is! 過去分詞過去分詞：主語的感受，：主語的感受，“感到感到”，有被動(dòng)意思。，有被動(dòng)意思。e.g. They feel disappointed at

8、 the election.三級(jí)鏈接She looked_ (tire) with cooking.答案：答案： tired,過去分詞修飾人物。過去分詞修飾人物?！八捎诿χ鲲?，她由于忙著做飯，看上去有些疲倦看上去有些疲倦”。 2. As we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friends. A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed答案答案: A .此題中的此題中的“ got + separated ”表示狀態(tài)，表示狀態(tài)， separated 為過去分詞作表語。為過去分詞作表語?！?get/ be separ

9、ated ”常與常與 from 連用，故答案為連用，故答案為 A . III. Past participle used as the Object Complement (賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語) 1. 表表“希望，要求希望，要求”的動(dòng)詞：的動(dòng)詞： want, wish, expect, wish, like, order + (to be) done 表示表示“希望希望/要求某人或某事被要求某人或某事被”e.g. I want the work (to be) finished by Sunday. Jim ordered the room (to be) cleaned. 2. 2. 表表

10、“感覺，感覺， 心理狀態(tài)心理狀態(tài)”的動(dòng)詞：的動(dòng)詞：see, hear, find, feel, think, watch, notice + object(賓語賓語) + p.p3. 使役動(dòng)詞和類似使役動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞使役動(dòng)詞和類似使役動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞: make, get, have, keep ,leave, etc.+ p.p考點(diǎn)：過去分詞考點(diǎn)：過去分詞, 不定式不定式, 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的 區(qū)別。區(qū)別。三者與賓語邏輯上都是主謂關(guān)系，三者與賓語邏輯上都是主謂關(guān)系， 但但過去分詞過去分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)他們之間的強(qiáng)調(diào)他們之間的被動(dòng)關(guān)系被動(dòng)關(guān)系， 不帶不帶to的不定式的不定式強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生

11、的全過程全過程， 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)他們之間的強(qiáng)調(diào)他們之間的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，正在主動(dòng)關(guān)系，正在 進(jìn)行。進(jìn)行。試比較：I saw her come into the classroom.（強(qiáng)調(diào)看見進(jìn)入教室這個(gè)動(dòng)作的全過程）（強(qiáng)調(diào)看見進(jìn)入教室這個(gè)動(dòng)作的全過程）I saw her coming into the classroom.（強(qiáng)調(diào)看見進(jìn)入教室這個(gè)動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生的瞬（強(qiáng)調(diào)看見進(jìn)入教室這個(gè)動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生的瞬間。）間。）I saw her taken out of the classroom.（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作take和主語和主語her之間的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。）之間的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。）三級(jí)鏈接1. We saw th

12、e thief _(catch) by the police.答案：答案： caught.2. People found the water_.（pollute）答案：答案：polluted3. Have you heard a pop song_（sing） in Japanese?答案：答案： sung4. He had his watch _ (repair).答案：答案：repaired.4. with / without賓語賓補(bǔ)賓語賓補(bǔ)(過去分詞過去分詞)當(dāng)這一動(dòng)詞（及物動(dòng)詞）和當(dāng)這一動(dòng)詞（及物動(dòng)詞）和with后的賓語在邏輯上后的賓語在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，而且該動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生過了，動(dòng)詞必

13、須是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，而且該動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生過了，動(dòng)詞必須用過去分詞。用過去分詞。 Do you know the man with his hair tied back? 你看見那個(gè)扎辮子的男人沒？你看見那個(gè)扎辮子的男人沒？2. The fellow stood there with his hands crossed . 這個(gè)家伙兩手交叉，站在那里。這個(gè)家伙兩手交叉，站在那里。3. The peasants have a good harvest with all the crops got in . 莊稼都收割了，農(nóng)民們有了一個(gè)好收成。莊稼都收割了，農(nóng)民們有了一個(gè)好收成。4. With the ho

14、mework finished, I went to bed. 做完作業(yè)，我就上床睡覺了。做完作業(yè)，我就上床睡覺了。三級(jí)鏈接三級(jí)鏈接 The policeman kept his eyes _ on the screen of the computer to identify the criminals footprints. (2006年年12月真題月真題) A. fixed B. fixing C. being fixed D. to fix答案：答案： A。 本題考查分詞做賓補(bǔ)，本題考查分詞做賓補(bǔ)， eyes和和 fix之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選A。IV. Past par

15、ticiple used as the Adverbial(狀語狀語)過去分詞作狀語相當(dāng)于狀語從句。過去分詞作狀語相當(dāng)于狀語從句。e.g. 1. Asked why he didnt do it, he began to cry.過去分詞作過去分詞作時(shí)間狀語時(shí)間狀語相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語從句相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語從句(When he was) asked why he didnt do it, he began to cry.e.g. 2. Given more time, Ill catch up with you.過去分詞作過去分詞作條件狀語條件狀語相當(dāng)于條件狀語從句相當(dāng)于條件狀語從句(If I am)

16、given more time, Ill catch up with you.e.g. 3. Born and brought up in the village, he knows a lot of people there.過去分詞作過去分詞作原因狀語原因狀語相當(dāng)于原因狀語從句相當(dāng)于原因狀語從句(Because he was) born and brought up in the village, he knows a lot of people there.e.g. 4. Defeated many times, they continue to fight.過去分詞作過去分詞作讓步狀語

17、讓步狀語相當(dāng)于讓步狀語從句相當(dāng)于讓步狀語從句(Although they had been) defeated many times, they continued to fight.e.g.5. The teacher entered the classroom, followed by a group of students.表示方式和伴隨情況表示方式和伴隨情況時(shí)可以轉(zhuǎn)換為一個(gè)并列的謂語時(shí)可以轉(zhuǎn)換為一個(gè)并列的謂語成分。成分。The teacher entered the classroom (and he was followed) by a group of student.過去分詞作狀

18、語時(shí)過去分詞作狀語時(shí), 為了使意義更加明確為了使意義更加明確,也可以在也可以在pp.前加上對(duì)應(yīng)的連詞前加上對(duì)應(yīng)的連詞when,as,if 等等等等.4. Although defeated many times, they continue to fight.3. As / Because born and brought up in the village, he knows a lot of people there.2. If given more time, Ill catch up with you.1. When asked why he didnt do it, he began

19、 to cry.注意：帶有連詞的過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)省略句注意：帶有連詞的過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)省略句,省略的部分為主語省略的部分為主語+be的相應(yīng)變化形式的相應(yīng)變化形式.注意：注意：1） 現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語時(shí)的區(qū)別_London (夜里參觀倫敦夜里參觀倫敦)at night, you are a bit like in a dream._ (當(dāng)有人夜里來訪當(dāng)有人夜里來訪)at night , you must make sure the visitor really your friend.When visitingWhen visited選擇現(xiàn)在分詞

20、還是過去分詞，關(guān)鍵看主句的選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞，關(guān)鍵看主句的主語。主語。 如分詞的動(dòng)作是主句的主語發(fā)出，分如分詞的動(dòng)作是主句的主語發(fā)出，分詞就選用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之就用過去分詞。詞就選用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之就用過去分詞。_ (寫完了所有寫完了所有的信之后的信之后)，I had a drink and went out.Having finished all my letters_ (信寫完之后信寫完之后)，the letter should be read to the one who asks you to write it.Finished 從山頂看，從山頂看， 我們能看到一個(gè)美麗的公園。我們能

21、看到一個(gè)美麗的公園。 從山頂看，從山頂看， 公園很美麗。公園很美麗。Seeing from the top of the hill, we can see a beautiful park.Seen from the top of the hill, the park is beautiful._ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. ( lose)_ in white, she looks more beautiful.( dress) be lost in； be dressed in； be interested

22、in； be devoted to； be supposed to； be caught in the rain； be seated in； be prepared for； be determined to Lost2.系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示主語所處的狀態(tài)系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示主語所處的狀態(tài)Dressed類似的還有：類似的還有： generally speaking 一般說來一般說來, Given 鑒于鑒于, judging from/by 根據(jù)根據(jù)來看來看, 固定用法：固定用法： Considering 考慮到考慮到, supposing that 假如假如, talking of 說到說到, seeing

23、 (that) 鑒于，由于鑒于，由于三級(jí)鏈接三級(jí)鏈接The research group has submitted a report, (suggest) _ reforms to be made. (2007年年6月真題月真題)答案：答案：suggesting. 分詞在句中作狀語，句分詞在句中作狀語，句中中suggest 和和the research group之間是之間是主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞suggesting.2. _ to find the proper job, he decided to give up job-hunting in this city.（

24、2006年年12月真題）月真題） A. Failed B. Being failed C. To fail D. Having failed答案：答案： D。首先。首先fail和主句主語和主句主語 he一致，兩一致，兩者之間是主謂關(guān)系，故要選擇現(xiàn)在分詞。者之間是主謂關(guān)系，故要選擇現(xiàn)在分詞。其次其次fail這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作decide之之前，故選擇現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式前，故選擇現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式having failed.Exercises P60DBBCAC 鞏固練習(xí)鞏固練習(xí)1. _ with the best students, I still have a long

25、way to go.A. Having compared B. To compareC. Compared D. Compare2. The music of the film _ by him sounds so _ .A. playing, exciting B. played, excitedC. playing, excited D. played, exciting3. _ against the coming hurricane, they dared not leave home. A. Warned B. Having warned C. To warn D. Having b

26、een warned4. In _ countries, you cant always make yourself _ by speaking English.A. English-speaking, understand B. English-spoken, understand C. English-speaking, understood D. English-spoken, understood5. After _ the old man, the doctor suggested that he _ a bad cold. A. examining, should catch B.

27、 examined, had caught C. examining, had caught D. examined, catch6. _, Tom jumped into the river and had a good time in it. A. Be a good swimmer B. Being a good swimmer C. Having been good swimmer D. To be a good swimmer7. _ how to read the new words, I often look them up in the dictionary.A. Having

28、 not known B. Not to know C. Dont know D. Not knowing 答案答案: 1. C 2. D 3. D 4. C 5. C 6. B 7. D The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see_the next year. A.carry out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry out 2.Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had

29、_went wrong again. A.it B. it repaired C.repaired D. to be repaired3.With a lot of difficult problems_,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A.settled B.settlingC.to settle D.being settled4.With trees,flowers and grass_everywhere, my native town had takenanew look.A.planting B.plantedC.t

30、o plant D.to be planted5. She was glad to see her child well_ care of. A. take B. to be taken C. taken D. taking6.The result of the entrance exams was not made _to the public until last Thursday. A.knowing B. known C.to know D.to be known7. I can make you _what I say,but you cant make yourself_in En

31、glish. A.understand; understand B.understand; understood C.to understand; understand D.understand; to be understood8.He found them_at a table_A.sat; to play chessB.sitting; to play chessC.seated; playing chessD.seat; play the chess9. John rushed out in a hurry,_the door_.A.leaving; unlocked B.leaving; unlo