阿富汗即將終止私人保安公司運(yùn)作一托福閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)背景

1、智課網(wǎng)TOEFL備考資料阿富汗即將終止私人保安公司運(yùn)作一托福閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)背景 In Afghanistan, international development organizations and some businesses must now stop using private companies to provide security for their operations and instead rely on the interior ministrys new Afghan Private Protection Force. 在阿富汗，阿富汗政府要求國(guó)際發(fā)展組織和一些公司雇用內(nèi)政部

2、新成立的阿富汗私人保護(hù)部隊(duì)為他們的運(yùn)作提供安全保護(hù)，而不是雇用私人保安公司。 President Hamid Karzai has long been opposed to the large number of private security companies in the country because he says many of them disregard Afghan laws and could grow into private militias. And, there have been cases of contractor abuse ranging from vi

3、olence to cultural insensitivity that have given the private security industry a bad name among many Afghans. 阿富汗總統(tǒng)卡爾扎伊長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直反對(duì)大量私人保安公司在阿富汗?fàn)I業(yè)，因?yàn)樗f(shuō)，許多這樣的公司不遵守阿富汗法律，有可能發(fā)展成私人自衛(wèi)隊(duì)。另外，這些承包保安任務(wù)的公司也干了一些從暴力到漠視當(dāng)?shù)匚幕膲氖?，在許多阿富汗人心目中，這些事情給私人保安行業(yè)帶來(lái)了壞名聲。 Karzai set this month as the deadline for private security fir

4、ms to be replaced with the interior ministrys new Afghan Private Protection Force or APPF. That deadline has been extended for up to 90 days to facilitate the transition. But more than 50 private security companies will be dissolved and more than 10,000 security guards will be re-assigned or replace

5、d. 卡爾扎伊把這個(gè)月定為最后期限，要求由內(nèi)政部新成立的阿富汗私人保護(hù)部隊(duì)取代私人保安公司。這個(gè)最后期限已被延長(zhǎng)多達(dá)90天，以幫助保安任務(wù)的交接工作。不過(guò)，50多家私人保安公司將被解散，1萬(wàn)多名保安人員將被重新安排工作或者被替換。 Brigadier General Carsten Jacobson, spokesman for NATOs International Security Assistance Force, says this is an important milestone in the process of transferring all security respons

6、ibilities to Afghan forces before most international combats troops withdraw in 2014. 北約駐阿富汗的國(guó)際安全援助部隊(duì)發(fā)言人賈各布森準(zhǔn)將說(shuō)，這是在2014年大多數(shù)國(guó)際戰(zhàn)斗部隊(duì)撤出阿富汗之前把所有安全責(zé)任移交給阿富汗部隊(duì)進(jìn)程中的一個(gè)重要里程碑。 “The APPF is focusing now on taking over security responsibility for development projects, convoys and commercial businesses, said Jacob

7、son. By March 2013 all security for ISAF bases and construction sites are scheduled to transition to the APPF.” 賈各布森說(shuō)：“阿富汗私人保護(hù)部隊(duì)現(xiàn)在集中精力對(duì)于發(fā)展項(xiàng)目、車(chē)隊(duì)和商務(wù)公司的保安責(zé)任。按預(yù)定計(jì)劃，到2013年3月，國(guó)際安全援助部隊(duì)基地和建設(shè)工地的所有保安工作都將移交給阿富汗私人保護(hù)部隊(duì)。” Of course the service is not free. Companies and the interior ministry have for months been

8、negotiating how the process will work and how much it will cost. An American company called DAI, Development Alternatives Incorporated, recently made the transition. DAI runs a number of USAID funded projects including one to help farmers improve crop yields and profits as an incentive to turn away

9、from the illicit poppy economy. 顯然，新的保安服務(wù)不是免費(fèi)提供的。幾個(gè)月來(lái)，各個(gè)公司一直與內(nèi)政部就移交過(guò)程以及新的保安費(fèi)用進(jìn)行談判。一家叫做開(kāi)發(fā)替代方案的美國(guó)公司最近已完成了保安工作的轉(zhuǎn)換。開(kāi)發(fā)替代方案公司管理著一些美國(guó)國(guó)際開(kāi)發(fā)署資助的項(xiàng)目，其中一個(gè)項(xiàng)目是幫助農(nóng)民提高作物產(chǎn)量和利潤(rùn)，把它作為一種物質(zhì)刺激，以便讓這些農(nóng)民不再?gòu)氖路欠ǖ睦浰诮?jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)。 DAIs director of communications, Steven OConnor, says the company uses security guards to protect personnel a

10、t a number of offices and compounds throughout the country. He says under the new arrangement with the interior ministry, things are much the same as before. His group was even able to retain the same security guards. 開(kāi)發(fā)替代方案公司聯(lián)絡(luò)部主任史蒂文.奧康諾爾說(shuō)，他們公司在阿富汗各地的一些辦公室和大院雇用保安人員保護(hù)工作人員。他說(shuō)，根據(jù)與內(nèi)政部商定的新安排，保安情況基本上與過(guò)去是

11、一樣的。他的公司甚至還能留用原有的保安人員。 “So we basically contract with the APPF now, but it is the same people, said OConnor. Theyll go down to get registered at the ministry and they return to work for us under a different heading, under a different title.” 奧康諾爾說(shuō)：“我們現(xiàn)在基本上用阿富汗私人保護(hù)部隊(duì)提供的保安服務(wù)，不過(guò)負(fù)責(zé)保安的還是同一批人。他們先要去內(nèi)政部注冊(cè)，然

12、后回來(lái)在不同的頭銜下為我們工作?！?DAIs former private security company, Edinburgh International, will remain involved as a risk management adviser. It will continue to train the guards and will liaison between the company and the interior ministry. 開(kāi)發(fā)替代方案公司過(guò)去的私人保安公司愛(ài)丁堡國(guó)際仍將以風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理顧問(wèn)的身份參加工作。它將繼續(xù)培訓(xùn)保安人員，并且在開(kāi)發(fā)替代方案公司與內(nèi)政部之間

13、進(jìn)行聯(lián)絡(luò)。 The shift comes at a time of intense anti-American sentiment in Afghanistan following the killing of Afghan civilians by a U.S. soldier and the inadvertent burning of Qurans at an American military base. The Quran burning sparked a week of violent nationwide protests and deadly attacks on U.S.

14、 troops. 發(fā)生這一轉(zhuǎn)變時(shí)，正值阿富汗的反美情緒激烈的時(shí)候。因?yàn)榇饲耙幻绹?guó)軍人殺害了許多阿富汗平民，另外，可蘭經(jīng)在一個(gè)美軍基地不慎被焚燒?？商m經(jīng)被燒事件在阿富汗全國(guó)激起一個(gè)星期的暴力抗議活動(dòng)和對(duì)美軍的致命襲擊。 Some development organizations and private security companies have privately expressed reservations about whether guards working for the Interior Ministry can be trusted to provide the same

15、level of protection and security. And, there are concerns about the potential for patronage and corruption by ministry officials who will have exclusive control of the industry. Already, some organizations are seeing rising costs now that they must pay both the Interior Ministry and risk management

16、companies. 一些發(fā)展組織和私人保安公司在私下對(duì)是否能信任內(nèi)政部的保安人員可以提供同等程度的保護(hù)和安全表達(dá)了保留意見(jiàn)。也有人對(duì)擁有保安行業(yè)獨(dú)家控制權(quán)的內(nèi)政部可能出現(xiàn)的獨(dú)斷專(zhuān)行和腐敗感到擔(dān)心。一些組織已經(jīng)看到費(fèi)用的上漲了，因?yàn)樗麄儽仨氈Ц秲?nèi)政部和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理公司這兩方面的費(fèi)用。 OConnor says DAI is cautiously optimistic about the new system but will keep a close eye on cost and safety issues. 奧康諾爾說(shuō)，開(kāi)發(fā)替代方案公司對(duì)于這一新系統(tǒng)持謹(jǐn)慎的樂(lè)觀，不過(guò)將密切注視費(fèi)用與安全問(wèn)題。

17、 “We wouldnt be there now if we didnt think this was at least in principle, a workable solution for providing security, he said. That said, its an untested solution, meaning we are just getting started. Were going to be extremely vigilant to make sure it does provide that kind of accountability and the same standards we had before. 奧康諾爾說(shuō)：“如果我們認(rèn)為這種提供保安的方法至少?gòu)脑瓌t上講是不可行的解決方案，我們現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)采用這種方案。話雖如此，這還是一種尚未得到驗(yàn)證的方案，這就是說(shuō)，我們只是剛剛開(kāi)始。我們一定要極為警覺(jué)，以確保新系統(tǒng)確實(shí)能提供那種責(zé)任以及我們過(guò)去的相同標(biāo)準(zhǔn)?！?If security concerns do develop or associated costs increase significantly, private development companies say they will del