世紀(jì)大學(xué)英語應(yīng)用型綜合教程U譯文學(xué)習(xí)教案

1、世紀(jì)大學(xué)英語應(yīng)用型綜合教程世紀(jì)大學(xué)英語應(yīng)用型綜合教程(jiochng)U譯文譯文第一頁，共65頁。第1頁/共64頁第二頁，共65頁。Unit 1: Text A 2. Foodborne illnesses are defined as diseases, usually caused by eating food or drinking beverages contaminated with bacteria or parasites. Every person is at risk of foodborne illness. 第2頁/共64頁第三頁，共65頁。第3頁/共64頁第四頁，共65

2、頁。Unit 1: Text A 3. Foodborne diseases are a widespread and growing public health problem, both in developed and developing countries. 第4頁/共64頁第五頁，共65頁。第5頁/共64頁第六頁，共65頁。Unit 1: Text A 4. The global incidence of foodborne disease is difficult to estimate, but it has been reported that in 2005 alone 1

3、.8 million people died from diarrheal diseases. A great proportion of these cases can be attributed to contamination of food and drinking water. Additionally, diarrhea is a major cause of malnutrition in infants and young children. 第6頁/共64頁第七頁，共65頁。第7頁/共64頁第八頁，共65頁。Unit 1: Text A 5. In industrialize

4、d countries, the percentage of the population suffering from foodborne diseases each year has been reported to be up to 30%. In the United States of America (USA), for example, around 76 million cases of foodborne diseases, resulting in 325,000 hospitalizations and 5,000 deaths, are estimated to occ

5、ur each year.第8頁/共64頁第九頁，共65頁。第9頁/共64頁第十頁，共65頁。Unit 1: Text A 6. While less well documented, developing countries bear the main impact of the problem due to the presence of a wide range of foodborne diseases, including those caused by parasites. The widespread diarrheal diseases in many developing c

6、ountries suggest major underlying food safety problems. 第10頁/共64頁第十一頁，共65頁。第11頁/共64頁第十二頁，共65頁。Unit 1: Text A 7. While most foodborne diseases are occasional and often not reported, foodborne disease outbreaks may take on massive proportions. For example, in 1994,an outbreak of salmonellosis due to c

7、ontaminated ice cream occurred in the USA, affecting an estimated 224,000 persons. In 1988,an outbreak of hepatitis A, resulting from the consumption of contaminated clams, affected some 300, 000 individuals in China. 第12頁/共64頁第十三頁，共65頁。發(fā)了甲肝，影響了大約發(fā)了甲肝，影響了大約30萬人。萬人。第13頁/共64頁第十四頁，共65頁。Unit 1: Text A 8

8、. Major foodborne diseases are from microorganisms. Salmonellosis is a major problem in most countries. Salmonellosis is caused by the Salmonella bacteria. Examples of foods involved in outbreaks of salmonellosis are eggs, poultry and other meats, raw milk and chocolate. Campylobacteriosis is a wide

9、spread infection. It is caused by certain species of Campylobacter bacteria. And in some countries, the reported number of cases surpasses the incidence of salmonellosis. 第14頁/共64頁第十五頁，共65頁。曲桿菌屬病毒的致病人數(shù)超過了曲桿菌屬病毒的致病人數(shù)超過了沙門桿菌的致病人數(shù)。沙門桿菌的致病人數(shù)。第15頁/共64頁第十六頁，共65頁。Unit 1: Text A 9. Food contamination create

10、s an enormous social and economic burden on communities and their health systems. The re-emergence of cholera in Peru in 1991 resulted in the loss of US $500 million in fish and fishery product exports that year. 第16頁/共64頁第十七頁，共65頁。第17頁/共64頁第十八頁，共65頁。Unit 1: Text A 10-1. The safety of food derived f

11、rom biotechnology needs to be carefully assessed. To provide the scientific basis for decisions regarding human health, new methods and policies to assess such food need to be developed and agreed upon internationally. The assessment should consider health benefits as well as possible negative healt

12、h implications. 第18頁/共64頁第十九頁，共65頁。第19頁/共64頁第二十頁，共65頁。Unit 1: Text A 10-2. Crops modified to resist pests, foods with allergens removed or food with an increase of essential nutrients are possible examples of the former, while antimicrobial markers in some genetically modified foods have been sugges

13、ted to be an example of the latter. 第20頁/共64頁第二十一頁，共65頁。第21頁/共64頁第二十二頁，共65頁。Unit 1: Text A 10-3 The weighing of potential risks and benefits is an important aspect of assessment of foods derived from biotechnology that has not received much attention in the past. Likewise, clear communication of the

14、 basis for safety assessment in this area is generally lacking at national and international levels. 第22頁/共64頁第二十三頁，共65頁。第23頁/共64頁第二十四頁，共65頁。Unit 1: Text A 11. If not properly monitored and assessed, changes in animal husbandry practices, including feeding, may have serious implications for food saf

15、ety. For example, increased use of ruminant bone and meat meal as feed supplement for cattle appear to have played a role in the emergence of BSE. 第24頁/共64頁第二十五頁，共65頁。第25頁/共64頁第二十六頁，共65頁。Unit 1: Text A 12. Adding low levels of antibiotics to animal feed in order to increase growth rate has raised co

16、ncern about the transfer of antibiotic resistance to human pathogens from this practice.13-1. Modern intensive agricultural practices contribute to increasing the availability of affordable foodstuffs and the use of第26頁/共64頁第二十七頁，共65頁。食品添加劑的使用能夠改善食品添加劑的使用能夠改善食物供應(yīng)的質(zhì)量、數(shù)量和安食物供應(yīng)的質(zhì)量、數(shù)量和安全性，增加供應(yīng)量。全性，增加供應(yīng)量

17、。第27頁/共64頁第二十八頁，共65頁。Unit 1: Text A 13-2. food supply. However, appropriate controls are necessary to ensure their proper and safe use along the entire food chain. Pre-market review and approval followed by continuous monitoring are necessary to ensure the safe use of pesticides, veterinary drugs an

18、d food additives. 第28頁/共64頁第二十九頁，共65頁。第29頁/共64頁第三十頁，共65頁。Unit 1: Text A 14-1. Other challenges, which need to be addressed to help ensure food safety, include the globalization of trade in food, urbanization, changes in lifestyles, international travel, environmental pollution, deliberate contaminat

19、ion and natural and manmade disasters. 第30頁/共64頁第三十一頁，共65頁。第31頁/共64頁第三十二頁，共65頁。Unit 1: Text A 14-2. The food production chain has become more complex, providing greater opportunities for contamination and growth of pathogens. Many outbreaks of foodborne diseases that were once contained within a sma

20、ll community may now take on global dimensions. (772 words)第32頁/共64頁第三十三頁，共65頁。第33頁/共64頁第三十四頁，共65頁。Unit 1: Text B Eating Food Thats Better for You, Organic or Not By Mark Bittman1. In the six-and-one-half years since the federal government began certifying food as “organic,” Americans have taken to

21、the idea with considerable enthusiasm. 第34頁/共64頁第三十五頁，共65頁。Unit 1: Text B 1-2. Sales have at least doubled, and three-quarters of the nations grocery stores now carry at least some organic food. A Harris Poll in October 2007 found that about 30 percent of Americans buy organic food at least on occas

22、ion, and most think it is safer, better for the environment and healthier.第35頁/共64頁第三十六頁，共65頁。第36頁/共64頁第三十七頁，共65頁。Unit 1: Text B 2. “People believe it must be better for you if its organic,” says Phil Howard, an assistant professor of community, food and agriculture at Michigan State University.3. S

23、o I discovered on a recent book tour around the United States and Canada. 第37頁/共64頁第三十八頁，共65頁。第38頁/共64頁第三十九頁，共65頁。Unit 1: Text B 4. No matter how carefully I avoided using the word “organic” when I spoke to groups of food enthusiasts about how to eat better, someone in the audience would inevitably

24、ask, “What if I cant afford to buy organic food?” Organic food seems to have become the magic cure for all. When people think of eating it, they think they are eating well, healthily, reasonably, even morally. 第39頁/共64頁第四十頁，共65頁。得好，吃得健康，吃得合理，得好，吃得健康，吃得合理，甚至吃得有道德。甚至吃得有道德。 第40頁/共64頁第四十一頁，共65頁。Unit 1:

25、Text B 5. But eating “organic” offers no guarantee of any of that. And the truth is that most Americans eat so badly we get 7 percent of our calories from soft drinks, more than we do from vegetables; the top food group by caloric intake is “sweets”; and one-third of nations adults are now obese tha

26、t the organic question is a secondary one. Its not unimportant, but its not the primary issue in the way Americans eat. 第41頁/共64頁第四十二頁，共65頁。問題問題以至于有機(jī)食物成了以至于有機(jī)食物成了次要因素。并非它不重要，而次要因素。并非它不重要，而是它不是美國人飲食中的首要是它不是美國人飲食中的首要問題。問題。第42頁/共64頁第四十三頁，共65頁。Unit 1: Text B 6. To eat well, says Michael Pollan, the auth

27、or of In Defense of Food, means avoiding “edible food-like substances” and sticking to real ingredients, increasingly from the plant kingdom. (Americans each consume an average of nearly two pounds a day of animal products.) Theres plenty of evidence that both a persons health as well as the environ

28、ments will improve with a simple shift in eating habits away from animal products and highly processed foods to plant products and what might be called “real food.”第43頁/共64頁第四十四頁，共65頁。加工食品為主轉(zhuǎn)為以蔬菜類產(chǎn)品加工食品為主轉(zhuǎn)為以蔬菜類產(chǎn)品或可能被稱為或可能被稱為“真正的食物真正的食物”這樣這樣的食品為主，就可以增進(jìn)人類健的食品為主，就可以增進(jìn)人類健康 ， 改 善 居 住 環(huán) 境 ?？?， 改 善 居 住 環(huán) 境

29、 。第44頁/共64頁第四十五頁，共65頁。Unit 1: Text B 7. From these changes, Americans would reduce the amount of land, water and chemicals used to produce the food we eat, as well as the incidence of lifestyle diseases linked to unhealthy diets, and greenhouse gases from industrial meat production. 8. The governmen

30、ts organic program, says Joan Shaffer, a spokeswoman for the Agriculture Department, “is a marketing program that sets standards for what can be certified as organic. 第45頁/共64頁第四十六頁，共65頁。第46頁/共64頁第四十七頁，共65頁。Unit 1: Text B 8-2. Neither the enabling legislation nor the regulations address food safety

31、or nutrition. ”People dont understand that, nor do they realize “organic” doesnt mean “l(fā)ocal.” “It doesnt matter if its from the farm down the road or from Chile,” Ms. Shaffer said. “As long as it meets the standards, its organic.”第47頁/共64頁第四十八頁，共65頁。街不遠(yuǎn)的農(nóng)場運(yùn)來的還是從街不遠(yuǎn)的農(nóng)場運(yùn)來的還是從智利運(yùn)來的，都沒關(guān)系，智利運(yùn)來的，都沒關(guān)系，”謝謝

32、弗女士說，弗女士說，“只要它符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，只要它符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，就是有機(jī)食品。就是有機(jī)食品。”第48頁/共64頁第四十九頁，共65頁。Unit 1: Text B 9. Hence, the organic status of salmon flown in from Chile, or of frozen vegetables grown in China and sold in the United States no matter the size of the carbon footprint left behind by getting from there to here.第49頁/共64頁

33、第五十頁，共65頁。第50頁/共64頁第五十一頁，共65頁。Unit 1: Text B 10. Today, most farmers who practice truly sustainable farming, or what you might call “organic in spirit,” operate on small scale, some so small that they cant afford the requirements to be certified organic by the government. 第51頁/共64頁第五十二頁，共65頁。第52頁/共6

34、4頁第五十三頁，共65頁。Unit 1: Text B 11. But the organic food business is now big business, and getting bigger. Professor Howard estimates that major corporations now are responsible for at least 25 percent of all organic manufacturing and marketing. In 2006, sales of organic foods and beverages totaled abou

35、t $16. 7 billion, according to the most recent figures from Organic Trade Association. 第53頁/共64頁第五十四頁，共65頁。第54頁/共64頁第五十五頁，共65頁。Unit 1: Text B 12. But the questions remain over how we eat in general. It may feel better to eat an organic Oreo than a conventional Oreo, but, says Marion Nestle, a profes

36、sor at New York Universitys department of nutrition, food studies and public health, “Organic junk food is still junk food. ”第55頁/共64頁第五十六頁，共65頁。第56頁/共64頁第五十七頁，共65頁。Unit 1: Text B 13. Last week, Michelle Obama began digging up a patch of the South Lawn of the White House to plant an organic vegetable garden to provide food for the first family