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1、英文版植物生物學(xué)習(xí)題集(一)Introduction, Cell Structure Part A 1. Plant life constitutes(組成)98% of the total biomass of the earth. A: True B: False 正確答案是A 2. Having formed during the twentieth century, plant anatomy(解剖學(xué))and plant physiology are the most recently developed areas of botanical(植物學(xué)的)study. A: True B

2、: False 正確答案是B 3. In order to survive beyond the twenty-first century, humans will need to A: recycle(使再循環(huán), 反復(fù)應(yīng)用)on a large scale(比例,數(shù)值范圍),B: stop the increase in human population. C: practice water and energy conservation(守恒). D: all of the above. 正確答案是D 4. Which of the following is NOT a feature(特

3、征,起重要作用)of the scientific method? A: hypothesis(假設(shè))B: conjecture(推測(cè),猜想)C: controls D: data collection 正確答案是B 5. The study of plant function is called A: taxonomy.(分類學(xué))B: physiology.(生理學(xué))C: anatomy.(解剖學(xué))D: morphology.(形態(tài)學(xué))正確答案是D 6. Dendrochronology(樹木年代學(xué)), or the study of tree rings, is an example of

4、 which branch of botany? A: taxonomy.(分類學(xué))B: physiology.(生理學(xué))C: anatomy.(解剖學(xué))D: ecology 正確答案是C 7. Which botanist is credited(信用)with naming and classifying(分類)plants? A: von Helmont B: Carson C: Malpighi D: Linnaeus 正確答案是D 8. What is the name of the book credited with increasing public awareness(知道)

5、of the field of ecology? A: Silent Spring B: Species Plantarum C: Origin of Species 正確答案是A 9. Gregor Mendel is considered the founder of A: plant geography. B: plant genetics. C: cytology. D: plant systematics 正確答案是B 10. Cell biology is also referred to as A: genetic engineering. B: pteridology.(羊齒植

6、物學(xué)) C: cytology(細(xì)胞學(xué)) D: systematics (=taxonomy分類學(xué))正確答案是C 11. Plants will play an important role in space exploration because of their ability to A: generate(產(chǎn)生)oxygen B: produce drugs. C: generate carbon dioxide(.二氧化物) D: produce fiber. 正確答案是A 12. The study of botany has its origins(起源, 由來(lái))in which

7、time period? A: Bronze(青銅)Age B: Victorian Period(維多利亞女王時(shí)代) C: Stone Age(石器時(shí)代) D: Industrial Revolution 正確答案是C Introduction Cell Structure Part B 1. In contrast(對(duì)比, 對(duì)照)to eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells: A: lack a nuclear envelope.(膜) B: lack genetic material C: have mitochondria(線粒體) D: have ch

8、loroplasts E: have complex chromosomes(染色體)正確答案是A 2. When plants moved from the sea to the land, the most critical(危急的)environmental factor became: A: water. B: carbon dioxide C: minerals D: oxygen. E: light 正確答案是A 3. The two major components(組成成分)of the vascular system are the: A: epidermis and cor

9、k B: xylem and phloem. C: apical meristems and lateral meristems D: cuticle(表皮)and stomata. E: embryo(胚芽)and seed 正確答案是B 4. Primary growth refers to growth: A: originating(起源, 發(fā)生)from apical meristems B: originating from the vascular cambium C: originating from the cork cambium D: that is of primary

10、 importance to the plant E: that results in the thickening of stems and roots 正確答案是A 5. Plant _ is the study of the form of plants. A: physiology B: taxonomy(分類學(xué)) C: systematics(=taxonomy分類學(xué)) D: morphology(形態(tài)學(xué)) E: anatomy(解剖學(xué))正確答案是D 6. If each gamete(接合體, 配偶子)of a plant has 12 chromosomes, what is t

11、he haploid(單倍體,單一的)chromosome number of that plant? A: 3 B: 4 C: 6 D: 12 E: 24 正確答案是D 7. _ are plastids(質(zhì)體)that lack chlorophyll but contain carotenoid(類胡羅卜素)pigments. A: Etioplasts 白色(質(zhì))體B: Chromoplasts(色素母細(xì)胞, 成色素細(xì)胞) C: Leucoplasts(白色體)D: Amyloplasts 造粉(質(zhì))體E: Chloroplasts 正確答案是B 8. Most likely, mit

12、ochondria(線粒體)and chloroplasts evolved由發(fā)展(進(jìn)化)from: A: portions of the endoplasmic reticulum. (內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng))B: pieces of nuclei C: fragments(碎片)of the plasma(血漿)membrane. D: oil bodies E: bacteria 正確答案是E 9. The _ is the liquid material contained within the tonoplast.(液泡膜)A: matrix(基質(zhì))B: stroma(基質(zhì))C: cell sap(

13、細(xì)胞液)D: nucleoplasm (核原形質(zhì), 核漿)E: cytosol(細(xì)胞溶質(zhì),胞液)正確答案是C 10. A principal(主要的)function of the Golgi bodies is the: A: synthesis(合成) and secretion of cell wall polysaccharides(多醣,聚糖,多聚糖)other than cellulose(纖維素)B: formation(形成)of ATP by oxidation(氧化)of organic(有機(jī)的)fuels (能源物質(zhì))C: conversion(轉(zhuǎn)化)of radiant

14、 energy (光能)to chemical energy. D: storage of lipids(脂質(zhì))as oil bodies E: storage of water, ions(離子), and secondary metabolites(代謝物)正確答案是A 11. In the cell wall, _ molecules(分子)are united to form microfibrils (微纖維)A: xylan(木聚糖)B: pectin(膠質(zhì))C: xyloglucan (glucan葡聚糖)D: cellulose E: glycoprotein(糖蛋白類, 醣蛋

15、白)正確答案是D 12. Which of the following statements about the secondary wall is false? A: It usually is deposited(存放, 堆積)after the cell has stopped growing. B: Glycoproteins(糖蛋白類, 醣蛋白) and enzymes(酶)are usually abundant constituents.(要素)C: The protoplast(原生質(zhì)體)may die after the secondary wall is laid down

16、. D: It frequently has three distinct(清楚的)layers E: Pectins(膠質(zhì)) are usually lacking. 正確答案是B Plant Cells and Tissues Part A 1. Apical meristems consist of: A: initials(最初的)only B: primary meristems only. C: immediate derivatives(派生物)only D: initials and primary meristems E: initials and their immedia

17、te derivatives 正確答案是E 2. What three overlapping(重疊, 搭接) processes are involved(有關(guān)的)in development? A: cell division, cell enlargement, and cell differentiation B: mitosis(有絲分裂), meiosis(.減數(shù)分裂) and fertilization(授精) C: mitosis, meiosis, and differentiation D: growth, morphogenesis, and differentiatio

18、n E: primary growth, secondary growth, and morphogenesis(形態(tài)發(fā)生, 形態(tài)形成)正確答案是D 3. The tissue that makes up the pith(木髓)and cortex(皮層)is: A: collenchyma B: xylem C: parenchyma D: phloem E: sclerenchyma. 正確答案是C 4. _ is a type of ground tissue composed of cells having thick, often lignified secondary cell

19、walls. A: Collenchyma B: Xylem C: Parenchyma D: Phloem E: Sclerenchyma 正確答案是E 5. Annular annular(環(huán)形的, 有環(huán)紋的)and helical(螺旋狀的)thickenings in secondary cell walls are characteristic of: A: tracheids only. B: vessel elements only C: sieve elements only. D: both tracheids and vessel elements. E: tracheid

20、s, vessel elements, and sieve elements. 正確答案是D 6. A mature sieve element does NOT normally have: A: a nucleus B: a plasma membrane C: smooth endoplasmic reticulum.(內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng))D: plastids. E: mitochondria.(線粒體) 正確答案是A 7. The function of companion cells is thought to be: A: structural support. B: storage of

21、starch C: delivery of substances to sieve-tube elements D: conduction of food from one part of the plant to another. E: transport of water and minerals 正確答案是C 8. Trichomes(藻絲) are: A: a. cells associated with guard cells. B: cells that form the bulk(大多數(shù))of the epidermis. C: waxy(蠟質(zhì)的)deposits(堆積物, 沉淀

22、物)on the epidermis. D: appendages(附屬物)of epidermal cells. E: the cell walls of epidermal cells. 正確答案是D 9. The cuticle of the epidermis consists mainly of: A: cellulose and fats. B: cutin and wax.(蠟狀物)C: cellulose and cutin(角質(zhì))D: cellulose and wax. E: lignin(木質(zhì)素)and wax 正確答案是B 10. Which of the follow

23、ing is NOT a component of the periderm? A: phellem(木栓)B: epidermal tissue C: phelloderm(栓內(nèi)層)D: cork cambium E: cork 正確答案是B Plant Cells and Tissues Part B 1. The tissue found between the endodermis and the epidermis of plants is called the _. A: xylem B: phloem C vascular cambium D: cortex 正確答案是D 2.

24、The food storage tissue of the root is the _. A: cortex B: endodermis C: xylem D: phloem 正確答案是A 3. The cell type providing the greatest structural strength to plants is the _. A: fiber cell B: collenchyma cell C: parenchyma cell D: sieve cell 正確答案是A 4. The cell type associated primarily with plant d

25、ifferentiation and growth is the _. A: xylem cell B: meristematic(分生組織的)cellC: phloem cell D: epidermal cell 正確答案是B 5. Which organelle(細(xì)胞器官)is associated with protein synthesis in plants? A: mitochondrion B: Golgi body (dictyosome) C: ribosome D: protocytoplasmic body 正確答案是C 6. Which structure is le

26、ast related to the others? A: plastid B: nucleus C: cell wall D: mitochondrion 正確答案是C 7. The organelle that captures(俘獲, 捕獲)light energy is the _. A: mitochondrion B: chloroplast C: nucleus D: leucoplast(白色體)正確答案是B 8. Ribosomes are associated with the _. A: rough endoplasmic reticulum (內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng))B: smooth

27、 endoplasmic reticulum C: nucleus D: vacuole(液泡)正確答案是A 9. Cell support is provided by the _. A: skeleton(骨架)B: fluid(流動(dòng)的) matrix (基質(zhì))C: cytoskeleton D: exoskeleton(外骨骼)正確答案是C 10. Movement of hydrogen ions H+ across a plant membrane requires no ATP. A: True B: False 正確答案是B 11. Membranes facilitate(使容

28、易,促進(jìn)) cell-to-cell communication. A: True B: False 正確答案是A 12. The movement of ions from a region of high concentration to a region of lower concentration is known as osmosis. (.滲透作用)A: True B: False 正確答案是B 13. Axillary(葉腋的, 腋生的)buds(芽)are associated with the tip of a shoot.(嫩芽) A: True B: False 正確答案

29、是B 14. The cell type that is alive at maturity and involved(與有關(guān)的) with food storage and/or photosynthesis is parenchyma. A: True B: False 正確答案是A 15. An example of an undifferentiated plant tissue would be the procambium.(原形成層) A: True B: False 正確答案是A 16. A trichome(毛狀體) is an extension(.擴(kuò)充)of an epi

30、dermal cell. A: True B: False 正確答案是A 17. An apical meristem can be found in an axillary bud.(腋芽)A: True B: False 正確答案是A Plant Cells and Tissues Part C 1. The helical(螺旋狀的)structure of a DNA molecule(分子) can be viewed with a stereomicroscope.(立體顯微鏡)A: True B: False 正確答案是B 2. In plant cells, the secon

31、dary wall is deposited (堆積)to the inside of the primary wall. A: True B: False 正確答案是A 3. Cytoplasmic(細(xì)胞質(zhì)的) streaming(流動(dòng)) is the process whereby(為何)organelles move in a current(趨勢(shì),)within the cytosol.(細(xì)胞溶質(zhì),胞液)A: True B: False 正確答案是A 4. Vacuoles(液泡) are membrane-bound, empty air spaces, which make up

32、to 90% or more of the cells volume. A: True B: False 正確答案是B 5. In higher plants, mitosis occurs in the vascular cambium and the meristems. A: True B: False 正確答案是A 6. During anaphase (細(xì)胞分裂的后期), the vesicles(小泡) of the phragmoplast(成膜體)fuse(融合)into a flattened(平的)hollow cell plate. A: True B: False 正確

33、答案是B 7. The endoplasmic reticulum(內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)) is a system of flattened sacs(囊)and tubes(管子)associated with the storage and transport of proteins. A: True B: False 正確答案是A 8. The cytoplasm of a cell consists of A: the cytosol(細(xì)胞液)and organelles. B: only salts C: cell fragments(碎片)D: the plasma membrane and c

34、ell wall 正確答案是A 9. What is the name given to the tiny strands of cytoplasm that extend between adjacent cells? A: nuclear pores B: middle lamella C: plasmodesmata(胞間連絲)D: microfibrils 正確答案是C 10. Which organelle is involved in the synthesis of ribosomal(核醣體的) RNA? A: vacuole(液泡)B: nucleolus C: leucop

35、last l(白色體)D: mitochondrion 正確答案是B 11. Which plastid synthesizes and stores starch? A: proplastid(原生質(zhì)體)B: chloroplast C: chromoplast (有色體)D: amyloplast (造粉體)正確答案是D 12. Microtubules(微管)and microfilaments(微絲,微纖絲)constitute which part of the cells ultrastructure(超微結(jié)構(gòu),亞顯微結(jié)構(gòu))? A: cytoskeleton(細(xì)胞骨架)B: nuc

36、leus C: cell wall D: all of the above 正確答案是A 13. Which organelle is associated with the synthesis, secretion, and storage of proteins? A: leucoplast B: ribosome C: vacuole D: chromatin (染色質(zhì))正確答案是B 14. Why are mitochondria(線粒體) called the powerhouses(發(fā)電站)of the cell? A: They make carbon and fats read

37、ily容易地available to the cell. B: They accumulate(積聚, 堆積)where energy is needed. C: They release(釋放)energy from respiration(呼吸作用)D: All of the above. 正確答案是D 15. During which interval(時(shí)間間隔) of interphase(細(xì)胞的間期)does DNA replication.(復(fù)制)take place? A: cytokinesis(細(xì)胞漿移動(dòng), 原漿移動(dòng))B: G2 C: S D: G1 正確答案是C 16. D

38、uring which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles? A: metaphase(中期)B: prophase(前期)C: telophase(末期)D: none of the above 正確答案是C 17. What is the name given to the two coiled(盤繞), thick strands of a chromosome, which are united by a centromere(著絲點(diǎn), 著絲粒)? A: chroma

39、tids(染色單體)B: kinetochores(動(dòng)粒, 著絲粒, 著絲點(diǎn))C: spindle fibers(紡錘體)D: homologous(同源的)chromosomes 正確答案是A 18. Which of the following statements about animal cells is true? A: They do not form cell plates during mitosis. B: They do not have plastids C: They form centrioles(中心體) during mitosis D: All of the a

40、bove 正確答案是D 19. The microtubules that extend from the centromeres(著絲點(diǎn), 著絲粒) to the poles during mitosis are called A: dictyosomes.(高爾基體)B: endoplasmic reticulum C: spindle fibers (紡錘體)D: satellites (星射線)正確答案是C Plant Cells and Tissues Part D 1. Parenchyma cells containing numerous許多的chloroplasts are

41、called sclerenchyma. A: True B: False 正確答案是B 2. Lateral conduction of water occurs in long-lived, horizontal(水平的)parenchyma cells called rays. A: True B: False 正確答案是A 3. Water movement between tracheid cells occurs only when the torus(花托, 花床, 圓環(huán)面)is in the center of the pit pair. A: True B: False 正確

42、答案是A 4. Specialized epidermal cells called lenticels(皮孔)border(與.接近)stomata on the surface of leaves. A: True B: False 正確答案是B 5. The periderm is composed of cork cells, replaces the epidermis, and constitutes組成the outer bark(樹皮)in woody plants. A: True B: False 正確答案是A 6. Which of the following is NO

43、T a primary meristem? A: ground meristem B: protoderm C: cork cambium D: procambium 正確答案是C 7. Which type of meristem develops at intervals(時(shí)間間隔)along the stem in the vicinity(鄰近, 附近)of nodes節(jié)點(diǎn)?A: apical meristem B: intercalary(居間的) meristem C: lateral meristem D: vascular cambium 正確答案是B 8. Sclerids

44、and fibers are two forms of A: sclerenchyma B: epidermal tissue C: parenchyma D: transfer cells 正確答案是A 9. Celery(芹菜)strings are an example of A: periderm. B: collenchyma C: xylem D: none of the above 正確答案是B 10. In tracheid cells, pits are A: areas in which no secondary walls have developed B: formed

45、 wherever two tracheids are in contact with one another. C: necessary for water transfer. D: all of the above 正確答案是D 11. What is the name of the cell that is closely associated with sieve tube members in phloem tissue? A: sieve plate B: lumen(內(nèi)腔)C: companion cell D: chlorenchyma(綠色組織)正確答案是C 12. What

46、 is the name of the multi-layered(多層)epidermis covering the aerial(氣生的)roots of an orchid (蘭花)? A: procambium B: root cap C: root hair D: velamen(根被)正確答案是D 13. Cutin(角質(zhì))is defined.(定義)as A: the cells surrounding the stomata. B: a fatty substance secreted by epidermal cells C: a type of multi-layered

47、 epidermis D: specialized parenchyma 正確答案是B 14. Which of the following is a function of the epidermis? A: resistance(抵抗, 阻抗)to water loss B: resistance to pollution C: resistance to pathogens(病原體(物))D: all of the above 正確答案是D 15. The function of lenticels(皮孔)is to A: prevent water loss B: provide ga

48、s exchange C: produce new bark. D: produce suberin 正確答案是B 16. Which of the following is an example of a secretory substance? A: suberin(軟木脂)B: latex(乳汁, 乳膠, 橡膠)C: albumin(清蛋白, 白蛋白)D: all of the above 正確答案是B Root and Plant Mineral Nutrition Part A 1. Which of the following is NOT a function generally

49、 associated with roots? A: storage B: anchorage (固著)C: photosynthesis D: conduction E: absorption 正確答案是C 2. The columella(囊軸)is: A: a component of the mucigel (粘膠質(zhì))B: a component of the amyloplast(造粉體)C: a column(柱壯物)of cells in the root apical meristem D: responsible for the absorption of water and

50、 minerals E: the central column of cells in the rootcap. 正確答案是E 3. The region of cell division in a growing root: A: is responsible for most of the increase in length of the root. B: contains the apical meristem and nearby cells. C: contains most of the cells that are differentiating. D: contains ro

51、ot hairs. E: is sharply delimited from the adjacent region. 正確答案是B 4. Root hairs arise from cells of the: A: vascular cylinder. (維管柱)B: pericycle.(中柱鞘)C: cortex D: epidermis. E: endodermis. 正確答案是D 5. In what root tissue are Casparian strips located? A: cortex B: epidermis C: xylem and phloem D: xyle

52、m only E: phloem only 正確答案是A 6. Lateral roots arise in the: A: xylem B: epidermis. C: pericycle D: root hairs E: rootcap. 正確答案是C 7. In roots, phloem most commonly occurs: cork 正確答案是C 9. Which of the following statements about aerial roots is FALSE? A: They are adventitious (不定的)roots B: Some serve a

53、s prop(支持)roots. C: They are produced from below ground structures. D: If in contact with the soil they absorb water and minerals. E: Red mangrove(紅樹林) and ivy(常春藤)produce aerial(氣生的)roots 正確答案是C 10. Fleshy roots have an abundance of: A: xylem. B: phloem C: parenchyma. D: pericycle.(中柱鞘)E: endodermi

54、s 正確答案是C Root and Plant Mineral Nutrition Part B 1. A short, upright(垂直的), subterranean(地下的)stem covered by fleshy leaf bases is a _. A: corm(球莖, 球根)B: bulb(鱗莖)C: rhizome(根莖, 根狀莖)D: stolon (匍匐莖)正確答案是B 2. Roots that arise from leaves are termed _. A: rhizomes (根莖, 根狀莖)B: leaf roots C: adventitious ro

55、ots D: stolons (匍匐莖)正確答案是C 3. Mucigel (粘膠質(zhì))formed by the root cap functions in _. A: lubrication(潤(rùn)滑)B: water absorption C: protection D: lubrication, water absorption and protection 正確答案是D 4. The region(s) of the root in which root hairs form is (are) the _. A: region of maturation B: region of cell division C: region of elongation D: regions of maturation, cell division and elongation 正確答案是A 5. The Casparian strip is associated with the _. A: pericycle B: cambium C: endodermis D: cortex 正確答案是C 6. B

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