英語語言學(xué)試卷精粹及答案

1、第54頁 共54頁英語語言學(xué)試卷精粹及答案有答案的 第一部分 選擇題 I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best pletes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%10=20%) 1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actua

2、lly use, and not to lay down rules for “correct“ linguistic behavior, it is said to be _. A、 prescriptive B、 sociolinguistic C、 descriptive D、 psycholinguistic 2、Of all the speech organs, the _ is/are the most flexible. A、 mouth B、 lips C、 tongue D、 vocal cords 3、The morpheme “vision“ in the mon wor

3、d “television“ is a(n) _. A、 bound morpheme B、 bound form C、 inflectional morpheme D、 free morpheme 4、A _ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause. A、 coordinator B、 particle C、 preposition D、 subordinator主從連詞 5、“Can I borrow your bike?“ _ “You have

4、a bike.“ A、 is synonymous with B、 is inconsistent with C、 entails D、 presupposes 6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called _. A、 semantics B、 pragmatics C、 sociolinguistics D、 psycholinguistics 7、Grammatical changes may be explaine

5、d, in part, as analogic changes, which are _ or generalization泛化. A、 elaboration B、 simplification精簡 C、 external borrowing D、 internal borrowing 8、_ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of munication. A、 Lingua franca通用語 B、 Creole

6、 C、 Pidgin D、 Standard language標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語言 9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, _ . A、 Brocas area, Wernickes area and the ang

7、ular gyrus角回 B、 Brocas area, Wernickes area and cerebral cortex C、 Brocas area, Wernickes area and neurons D、 Brocas area, Wernickes area and Exners area 10、According to Krashen, _ refers to the gradual and subconcious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily munic

8、ative situations. A、 learning B、 petence C、 performance D、 acquisition 第二部分 非選擇題 II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change th

9、e letter given. (1%10=10%) 11、Chomsky defines “petence“ as the ideal users k of the rules of his language. 12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in mon, i.e, they are all b . 13、M is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are f

10、ormed. 14、A s is a structurally independent unit that usually prises a number of words to form a pletestatement, question or mand. 15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under allcircumstances are called c synonyms. 16、The illocutionary point of r is to mit the speaker to somethings being the c

11、ase, to the truth of what has been said. 17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c . 18、Wherever the standard language can use a contraction (he+ishes), Black English can d the form of “be“. 19、The basic essentials of the first la

12、nguage are acquired in the short period from about age two to puberty, which is called the c period for first language acquisition. 20、As a type of linguistic system in 12 learning, i is a product of L2 training, mother tongue intereference, overgeneralization of the target language rules, and learn

13、ing and municative strategies of the learner. III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and give the correct versio

14、n. (2%10=20%) 21、In modern linguistic studies, the written form of language is given more emphasis than the spoken form for a number of reasons. 22、Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in both Chinese and English. 23、The pound word “bookstore“ is the place where books are sol

15、d. This indicates that the meaning of a pound is the sum total of the meanings of its ponents. 24、Syntactic categories refer to sentences (S) and clauses (C) only. 25、Dialectal synonyms can often be found in different regional dialects such as British English and American English but cannot be found

16、 within the variety itself, for exle, within British English or American English. 26、Only when a maxim under Cooperative Principle is blatantly violated and the hearer knows that it is being violated do conversational implicatures arise. 27、The territory in which the Indo-European languages are main

17、ly spoken today also includes languages that are not Indo-European. 28、In most bilingual munities, two languages have the same in speech situations known as domains. 29、According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, speakers perceptions determine language and pattern their way of lif

18、e. 30、All normal children have equal ability to acquire their first language. IV. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two exles for illustration. (3%10=30%) 31、duality 32、diachronic linguistics 33、broad transcription 34、morphological rules 35、phrase structure rule 36、relational opp

19、osites 37、ponential analysis 38、context 39、euphemism 40、brain lateralization V. Answer the following questions. (10%2=20%) 41、Explain how the inventory of sounds can change, giving some exles in English for illustration. 42、Briefly discuss the individual factors which affect the acquisition of a sec

20、ond language. 英語語言學(xué)試題（2）2.The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar .( ) A.Jacob Grimm B.Rasmus Rask C.Franz Bopp D.Sir William Jones 3.A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as _.( ) A.unusual B.something to be feared C.abnormal D

21、.natural 4._produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to plete nonsense,often as unintelligible.( ) A.Brocas aphasic B.The linguistic deprivation C.The damage on the angular gyrus D.Wernickes aphasic 5.Some

22、Southern learners of English in China tend to say “night” as “l(fā)ight”.This shows: .( ) A.They cannot pronounce/n/ B.Interlangue interference because there is notthe sound /n/in their mother tongue C.The teachers do not have a good teaching method D.They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds 6.A word

23、with several meanings is called _word.( ) A.a polysemous B.a synonymous C.an abnormal D.a multiple 7.The function of the sentence “A nice day, isnt it?”is _.( ) A.informative B.phatic C.directive D.performative 8.The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in _

24、 and vocabulary.( ) A.usage B.grammar C.pronunciation D.structure 9._deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space.( ) A.Linguistic geography B.Lexicology C.Lexicography D.Sociolinguistics 10.The semantic ponents of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as _.( ) A.+animate

25、,+male,+human,-adult B.+animate,+male,+human,+adult C.+animate,-male,+human,-adult D.+animate,-male,+human,+adult 二、填空題(每空1分，共10分) 第一部分 選擇題 .Directions:Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best pletes the statement and put the letter A,B,C or D in the

26、 brackets.(2%10=20%) 1.The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is good proof that human language is _. A. arbitrary B.non-arbitrary C. logical D.non-productive 2.All the back vowels in English are pronounced with rounded-lips,i.e. rounded, EXCEPT _. 3.The level of

27、syntactic representation that exists before movement takes place is monly termed the _. A.phrase structure B.surface structure C.syntactic structure D.deep structure 5.The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called _. A.polysemy B.hyponymy C.antonymy D.homonymy 6.Th

28、e utterance “Were already working 25 hours a day,eight days a week.“obviously violates the maxim of _. A.quality B.quantityC.relation D.manner 7.In first language acquisition children usually _ grammatical rules from the linguistic information they hear. A.use B.accept C.generalize D.reconstruct 8.S

29、tandardization known as _ is necessary in order to facilitate munications. A.language interpretation B.language identification C.language choice D.language planning .Directions:Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word,the first letter of which is already given as a clue.No

30、te that you are to fill in ONE word only,and you are not allowed to change the letter given.(1%10=10%) 11.Language exists in time and changes through time. The description of a language at some point of time is called a _s_ study of language. 12.An essential difference between consonants and vowels

31、is whether the air ing up from the lungs meets with any _o_ when a sound is produced. 13.The morphemes that cannot be used by themselves, but must be bined with other morphemes to form words are called _b_ morphemes. 14.XP may contain more than just X.For exle,the NP “the boy who likes his puppy“ co

32、nsists of Det,N and S,with Det being the _s_,N the head and S the plement. 15.According to Searles classification of illocutionary acts,“to suggest that someone should see the doctor“ should fall into the category of _d_. 16.Hyponymy is the relationship which obtains between specific and general lex

33、ical items.The word that is more general in meaning is called _s_. 17.Vowels can be nasalized.The vowel nasalization rule is an _a_ rule,which,for the most part, is caused by articulatory or physiological process in which successive sounds are made identical, or more similar, to one another. 18.One

34、mark of an informal style is the frequent occurrence of _s_ words and expressions, which make sense only to the people of particular social groups and serve as a mark of membership and solidarity within a given social group. 19.The brain is divided into two roughly symmetrical halves, called _h_, on

35、e on the right and one on the left. 20.Linguists often use the term native language or mother tongue instead of first language, and _t_ language instead of second language in second language acquisition literature. .Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T

36、 for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and give the correct version.(2%10=20%) 21.( )Human capacity for language has a geic basis,i.e. we are all born with the ability to acquire language and the detai

37、ls of a language system are geically transmitted. 22.( )A general difference between phoics and phonology is that phoics is focused on the production of speech sounds while phonology is more concerned with how speech sounds distinguish meaning. 23.( )Only words of the same parts of speech can be bin

38、ed to form pounds. 24.( )Sentences are not formed by randomly bining lexical items, but by following a set of syntactic rules that arrange linguistic elements in a particular order. 25.( )The same semantic feature occurs in one part of speech only. For exle, “female“ occurs only in nouns such as “mo

39、ther“, “woman“ “girl“ “tigress“ and so on but not in other parts of speech. 26.( )According to Searles classification of illocutionary acts, inviting, ordering, advising, promising and apologizing all fall into the category of directives. 27.( )New words may be formed from existing words by subtract

40、ing an affix thought to be part of the old word; that is, ignorance sometimes can be creative. Thus “peddle“ was derived from “peddler“ on the mistaken assumption that the “-er“ was the agentive suffix. 28.( )Women in Western countries at least appear to be more status-conscious and sensitive to the

41、 social significance of certain linguistic variables. 29.( )The case of Genie confirms that the language faculty of an average human degenerates after the critical period and consequently, most linguistic skills cannot develop. 30.( )Conscious knowledge of linguistic rules does ensure acquisition of

42、 the rules and therefore an immediate guidance for actual performance. .Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two exles for illustration. (3%10=30%) 31.narrow transcription 32.stem 33.derivational affixes 34.grammatical relation 35.predication 36.semantic narrowing 37.nonstandard lan

43、guages 38.linguistic taboo 39.angular gyrus 40.interlanguage .Answer the following questions.(10%2=20%) 41.Explain with exles the three notions of phone, phoneme and allophone, and also how they are related. 英語語言學(xué)試題（5）一、單項選擇題(在每小題的四個備選答案中，選出一個正確答案，并將正確答案的序號填在題干的括號內(nèi)。每小題2分，共20分) 1.The description of a

44、 language as it changes through time is a ( ) study. A. parative B. diachronic C. up-to-date D. descriptive 2. Of the three branches of phoics, the longest established, and until recently the most highly developed, is ( ) phoics. A. auditory B. acoustic C. articulatory D. none of the above three 3.

45、What the element -es indicates is third person singular, present tense, the element -ed past tense, and -ing progressive aspect. Since they are the smallest unit of language and meaningful, they are also ( ). A. phonemes B. morphemes C. allophones D. phones 4. Since early 1980s Noam Chomsky and othe

46、r generatvie linguists proposed and developed a theory of universal grammar known as the ( ) theory. A. speech act B. TG C. principles-and-parameters D. minimalist programme 5. One way to analyze lexical meaning is ( ). A. predication analysis B. stylistic analysis C. ponential analysis D. propositi

47、on analysis 6. Of the three speech acts, linguists are most interested in the ( ) because this kind of speech act is identical with the speakers intention. A. locutionary act B. illocutionary act C. perlocutionary act D. constative act 7. The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the

48、 work of the British scholar ( ). A. Sir William Jones B. John Firth C. M. A. K. Halliday D. F. D. Saussure 8. A bilingual speaker often uses two languages alternatively during a conversation with another bilingual speaker, a speech situation known as ( ). A. discourse role-switching B. activity rol

49、e-switching C. social role-switching D. code-switching 9. A focal point of SLA research has been the nature and development of L2 learners( ). A. second language B. first language C. foreign language D. interlanguage 10. It is estimated that the number of basic words known by English-speaking school

50、 children of age six is around ( ). A. 7800 B. 6800 C. 5800 D. 4800 二、填空題(每小題1分，共10分) 11. The description of a language at some point in time is a s_ study. 12. When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as i_. 13. Acco

51、rding to its position in the new word, a_ are divided into two kinds: prefixes and suffixes. 14. P_ refers to the phenomenon that the same word may have a set of different meanings. 15. Whether a sentence is semantically meaningful is governed by rules called s_ restrictions. 16. The u_ meaning of t

52、he sentence varies with the context in which it is uttered. 17. Some important missions of historical linguists are to identify and classify families of related languages in a genealogical family tree, and to reconstruct the p_, the original form of a language family that has ceased to exist. 18. R_

53、 are language varieties appropriate for use in particular speech situations. 19. Learners will subconsciously use their L1 knowledge in learning a second language. This is known as language t_. 20. A related issue with integrative motivation has been the extent to which learners differ in the proces

54、s of adapting to the new culture of the L2 munity. This adaptation process is called a _. 三、判斷說明題(判斷下列各題，正確的在題干后面的括號內(nèi)填“T”，錯誤的填“F”，并說明理由。每小題2分，共20分) 21. Modern linguistics is mainly diachronic. ( ) 22. The assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by “copying” a feature of a sequential phone

55、me, thus making the two phones similar. ( ) 23. Semantically, the meaning of a pound is often idiomatic, always being the sum total of the meanings of its ponents. ( ) 24. Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called transformational rules, whose operation may change the syntactic re

56、presentation of a sentence. ( ) 25. ponential analysis is a way proposed by the generative semanticists to analyze meaning. ( ) 26. Linguists found that it would be possible to give an adequate description of meaning even if the context of language use was left unconsidered. ( ) 27. It is generally

57、accepted that the history of the English language is divided into the periods of Old English, Middle English and Modern English. ( ) 28. When people of a munity speak the same language for different purposes, sociolinguistic situations known as diglossia and bilingualism emerge. ( ) 29. Linguistic l

58、ateralization in terms of right hemispheric dominance for language is found to exist in an overwhelming majority of human beings. ( ) 30. In order to identify the areas of learning difficulty, an interlingual contrastive procedure Contrastive Analysis was developed. ( ) 四、名詞解釋(每小題3分，共30分) 31. petenc

59、e and performance 32. minimal pair 33. morphology 34. finite clause 35. sense and reference 36. Cooperative Principle 37. semantic broadening 38. language planning 39. the critical period hypothesis 40. instrumental motivation vs. integrative motivation 五、論述題(第41、42小題各7分，第43小題6分，共20分) 41. Under what

60、 conditions will two sounds be assigned to the same phoneme? 42. For the following sentence, draw a tree diagram to reveal its underlying structure. The girl ate the orange. 43. Study the passage taken from Shakespeares HAMLET below carefully and identify every difference in expression between Eliza