采礦工程英語(yǔ)3

1、2.2 Open Pit Blasting Technology露天爆破技術(shù)露天爆破技術(shù)v一、重點(diǎn)專(zhuān)業(yè)詞匯和詞組一、重點(diǎn)專(zhuān)業(yè)詞匯和詞組 by far 到目前為止到目前為止 depend on 取決于，依據(jù)取決于，依據(jù) fragment 碎裂碎裂 relative to 相對(duì)于，涉及相對(duì)于，涉及 hardness 硬度硬度 vibration 震動(dòng)震動(dòng) field control 現(xiàn)場(chǎng)控制現(xiàn)場(chǎng)控制 vIn order to 為了為了vQuantitative data 數(shù)據(jù)資料數(shù)據(jù)資料vWell-designed 精心巧妙設(shè)計(jì)的精心巧妙設(shè)計(jì)的vAdequate to 足以足以vOvercome

2、克服克服vTensile strength 抗張強(qiáng)度抗張強(qiáng)度vSequence 順序，序列順序，序列vSpacing 間距間距vDimensions 規(guī)模，大小規(guī)模，大小 vAdjacent 相鄰的相鄰的vBorehole diameter 鉆孔直徑鉆孔直徑vNegative 負(fù)面的，反向的負(fù)面的，反向的vRectangular 矩形的矩形的vBroken rock pile 爆堆爆堆vAs well as 不但不但而且而且vEmpirical approach 經(jīng)驗(yàn)法，實(shí)證研究法經(jīng)驗(yàn)法，實(shí)證研究法vnever-ending 不停的，不斷的不停的，不斷的vBe taken in 采用采用vdu

3、e to 歸因于歸因于vbe set by 由由決定決定vmatched to 與與相匹配相匹配vParticle size distribution 粒度分布粒度分布vDeck 分層的分層的vRule of thumb 經(jīng)驗(yàn)法則經(jīng)驗(yàn)法則vYield 收益；產(chǎn)量收益；產(chǎn)量vEvenly 平均地平均地vUsed to 慣于；過(guò)去經(jīng)常慣于；過(guò)去經(jīng)常 vDesirable 值得的，必要的值得的，必要的vDictates 決定決定vDividing into 把把分成分成vInitiated 引爆，起爆引爆，起爆vtime delays 延時(shí)延時(shí)vInert 惰性的惰性的vStemming 堵塞物堵塞

4、物vadjacent to 鄰近的鄰近的vFaults 斷層斷層vclay seams 土縫土縫vsympathetic ,simpetik 共鳴，共振共鳴，共振vDetonation 爆炸爆炸vArray 陣列陣列vPlugged 堵塞堵塞vPreventfrom 防止，阻止防止，阻止vPrior to 在在之前之前vVoids 空洞，間隙空洞，間隙vsafety precautions 安全保護(hù)措施安全保護(hù)措施vAbandoned 廢棄廢棄vnoncap-sensitive 雷管非敏感的雷管非敏感的vagent eidnt 藥劑，制劑藥劑，制劑vTamping pole 搗棍，搗棒搗棍，搗

5、棒va pair of 一副，一對(duì)一副，一對(duì)vwater-resistant 防水的防水的vDensity 密度密度vexcess water 過(guò)多水分過(guò)多水分vdetonating cords 導(dǎo)爆索，引爆線導(dǎo)爆索，引爆線vin accordance with 根據(jù)，依據(jù)根據(jù)，依據(jù)vmanufacturers recommendations 出廠說(shuō)明出廠說(shuō)明vmeasuring tape 卷尺卷尺vmillisecond mili,seknd 毫秒毫秒vresultant rizltnt 合力；結(jié)果；生成物合力；結(jié)果；生成物 vechelon eln 梯形；梯陣；階層梯形；梯陣；階層vdia

6、gonal dainl 對(duì)角線；對(duì)角線的；斜對(duì)角線；對(duì)角線的；斜的的vPlacement 布置布置 vrestricted ristriktid 受限制的；保密的，受限制的；保密的，限制限制vparallel prlel n. 平行線；對(duì)比平行線；對(duì)比, vt. 使使與與平行平行, adj. 平行的；類(lèi)似的，相同的平行的；類(lèi)似的，相同的vperpendicular ,p:pndikjul垂直的，正交垂直的，正交 的；直立的；陡峭的的；直立的；陡峭的 ,垂線；垂直的位置垂線；垂直的位置v configuration kn,fijurein 結(jié)構(gòu)；外結(jié)構(gòu)；外形形v respectively ris

7、pektivli 分別地；各自地，分別地；各自地，獨(dú)自地獨(dú)自地 vEffectiveness 效力效力 vmultiple-hole blasting 多孔爆破多孔爆破vstress wave 應(yīng)力波應(yīng)力波vRadial reidil cracking 放射狀裂隙放射狀裂隙,徑向裂徑向裂隙隙vcontributing to 有助于有助于vdetachment dittmnt 分離，拆開(kāi)；分裂分離，拆開(kāi)；分裂vin the vicinity of 在在附近，在附近，在上下上下vsympathetic detonation 殉爆，感應(yīng)爆炸殉爆，感應(yīng)爆炸 vinteract with 相互作用相互作

8、用vreflection 反射反射 vrelief rili:f 減輕，解除；救濟(jì)；安減輕，解除；救濟(jì)；安慰慰 vDrilling Equipments Surface drill rigsSurface drill rigs are used for blast hole drilling in construction, quarrying, and open-pit mining, covering a hole range between 23-203 mm.AirROC D40Drilling Equipments-Surface drill rigsAirROC D40 is a

9、small pneumatic down the hole drill rig. With a compact design, it is perfect for drilling in inaccessible and narrow places, and an efficient choice for quarries and construction. It is easy to transport - light enough to be lifted by a helicopter - and very easy to set up and operate. It has a goo

10、d drilling capability. High operational efficiency from the rig is achievable with its easy handling and interchangeable features. The machine is compact enough for convenient transportation over long distances. It is most suitable for blast-hole production drilling in quarries, open-pit mining and

11、construction work.Drilling Equipments-Surface drill rigsEasy to maneuver. High traction AirROC D40 is a one-man operated machine. It maneuvers rough terrain with ease, operating smoothly, thanks to its two independent hydraulic motors and dynamic braking system. Quick interchangeabilityExact positio

12、ningThe well positioned, manual type swing control panel allows the operator to see the hole clearly and position the rig with precision.Easy to maintainThe design of the machine is simple. Main components are conveniently accessible for service and maintenance, when required.Drilling Equipments-Sur

13、face drill rigsTechnical SpecificationsHole diameter85 - 115 mmProduct seriesAirROCDrilling methodDTH(down-the-hole )Cabin (Y/N)NoTechnical datav二、復(fù)合難句二、復(fù)合難句v1、The initial blast design depends mainly on the hardness of the rock , the geologic structure of the rock mass , the location of the mine rel

14、ative to vibration sensitive structures , available drilling equipment and the excavation rate and capacity of the mining equipmentv最初的爆破方案主要取決于巖石的硬度、巖層最初的爆破方案主要取決于巖石的硬度、巖層的地質(zhì)構(gòu)造、的地質(zhì)構(gòu)造、涉及涉及震動(dòng)敏感構(gòu)筑物的礦藏的位震動(dòng)敏感構(gòu)筑物的礦藏的位置、有效的鉆孔設(shè)備和掘挖率以及采礦設(shè)備生置、有效的鉆孔設(shè)備和掘挖率以及采礦設(shè)備生產(chǎn)力（容量）等因素。產(chǎn)力（容量）等因素。 v2、A high level of field co

15、ntrols must be continuously maintained in order to gain reliable quantitative data that can then be used to refine the blast designv為了獲得能夠改善爆破設(shè)計(jì)的可靠數(shù)據(jù)資為了獲得能夠改善爆破設(shè)計(jì)的可靠數(shù)據(jù)資料，我們必須不斷地保持高水平的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)控料，我們必須不斷地保持高水平的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)控制制 v3、To begin , a well-designed blast consists of a quantity of explosives placed into a series

16、 of blastholes drilled into a rockmass 開(kāi)始的時(shí)候，一次精心設(shè)計(jì)的爆破包括放開(kāi)始的時(shí)候，一次精心設(shè)計(jì)的爆破包括放置在鉆在巖層上的一系列炮眼中的若干炸置在鉆在巖層上的一系列炮眼中的若干炸藥。藥。v4、The amount of explosive energy generated by the explosives must be adequate to overcome the tensile strength of the rockmassv炸藥產(chǎn)生的爆破能量的總和必須足以克服巖炸藥產(chǎn)生的爆破能量的總和必須足以克服巖石的石的抗張強(qiáng)度抗張強(qiáng)度。 v5、Th

17、is series of blastholes must then be detonated in a controlled sequence as to control the burden and spacing dimensions between adjacent holes.v必須按照一個(gè)控制抵抗線和孔間距的控制順必須按照一個(gè)控制抵抗線和孔間距的控制順序來(lái)引爆這一系列的炮孔。序來(lái)引爆這一系列的炮孔。v6、Proper burden spacing design dimensions maintained through accurate field controls typicall

18、y will yield reduced ground vibrations as the energy is used to fragment and move rock and not to create excessive ground vibrations through energy over-confinementv 通過(guò)精確的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)控制來(lái)保持適當(dāng)?shù)牡挚咕€和孔通過(guò)精確的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)控制來(lái)保持適當(dāng)?shù)牡挚咕€和孔間距的設(shè)計(jì)大小，常常會(huì)明顯地減少地表震動(dòng)，間距的設(shè)計(jì)大小，常常會(huì)明顯地減少地表震動(dòng)，因?yàn)槟芰慷加糜诒坪鸵苿?dòng)巖石而不會(huì)通過(guò)多因?yàn)槟芰慷加糜诒坪鸵苿?dòng)巖石而不會(huì)通過(guò)多余能量產(chǎn)生過(guò)強(qiáng)的地表震動(dòng)

19、。余能量產(chǎn)生過(guò)強(qiáng)的地表震動(dòng)。v7、Surface blast designs require the selection of hole spacing S , burden B , charge weight W or powder factor PF , top-hole stemming length T, and sub-grade drilling depth J. Design parameters are shown in Fig. 2. 3. 露天爆破設(shè)計(jì)需要選擇孔間距露天爆破設(shè)計(jì)需要選擇孔間距S、抵抗線、抵抗線B、裝藥量裝藥量W或炸藥比或炸藥比PF、上部堵塞長(zhǎng)度、上部堵塞長(zhǎng)度

20、T和超深和超深J等參數(shù)，設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)如圖等參數(shù)，設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)如圖2.3所示。所示。 v8、The sequence of hole initiation timing , SI B ratio , actual timing between charge detonations , and？ number of blasthole rows determine the shape of the broken rock pile as well as the degree of rock fragmentationv炮孔起爆的時(shí)間順序、孔間距炮孔起爆的時(shí)間順序、孔間距S與抵抗線與抵抗線B之之比、荷載與爆

21、破之間的實(shí)際時(shí)間和炮孔的行比、荷載與爆破之間的實(shí)際時(shí)間和炮孔的行數(shù)等因素，不但決定著爆堆的形狀，而且決數(shù)等因素，不但決定著爆堆的形狀，而且決定著巖石的破碎程度（決定著爆堆的形狀和定著巖石的破碎程度（決定著爆堆的形狀和巖石的破碎程度）。巖石的破碎程度）。 v9、An empirical approach is taken in blast design as blasting is a never-ending process of fine-tuning and modificationsv爆破設(shè)計(jì)中常用經(jīng)驗(yàn)法（實(shí)證法），因?yàn)楸圃O(shè)計(jì)中常用經(jīng)驗(yàn)法（實(shí)證法），因?yàn)楸剖且粋€(gè)不斷調(diào)整和修改的永無(wú)止

22、境的爆破是一個(gè)不斷調(diào)整和修改的永無(wú)止境的過(guò)程。過(guò)程。 v10、Usually hole diameter is set by the drill rig capacity , which is matched to the range of hole depths anticipated for the jobv通常孔徑是由鉆機(jī)的生產(chǎn)能力決定的，該通?？讖绞怯摄@機(jī)的生產(chǎn)能力決定的，該生產(chǎn)能力是與鉆機(jī)正常工作的孔深相匹配生產(chǎn)能力是與鉆機(jī)正常工作的孔深相匹配的。的。 v11、It is desirable dizairbl to select a size that will provide an

23、 adequate powder factor (the ratio of explosive quantity used to the yield of rock breakage) for breakage while distributing the explosive evenly throughout the hole depth.v當(dāng)需要在整個(gè)孔深里平均分配爆破能量時(shí)，選當(dāng)需要在整個(gè)孔深里平均分配爆破能量時(shí)，選擇一個(gè)為爆破提供適當(dāng)?shù)恼ㄋ幈龋ㄕㄋ幜颗c巖擇一個(gè)為爆破提供適當(dāng)?shù)恼ㄋ幈龋ㄕㄋ幜颗c巖石破碎量的比率）的孔徑是很有必要的。石破碎量的比率）的孔徑是很有必要的。v12、Many bl

24、ast designs use decked charges formed by dividing the explosive column into two or more individual charges , initiated iniit on the same or different time delays ,separated by inert stemming material 許多爆破設(shè)計(jì)都采用分層裝藥爆破法，就是把許多爆破設(shè)計(jì)都采用分層裝藥爆破法，就是把柱狀裝藥分成兩個(gè)或多個(gè)單獨(dú)裝藥在相同或不柱狀裝藥分成兩個(gè)或多個(gè)單獨(dú)裝藥在相同或不同的延遲時(shí)間引爆。使用惰性的填塞物來(lái)分隔

25、同的延遲時(shí)間引爆。使用惰性的填塞物來(lái)分隔v13、Decking is employed to1conserve explosive use adjacent to weak rock zones , faults， or clay seams; 2reduce the charge quantity detonated on one time delay , lowering ground vibrations; or 3bring the powder column up higher in the hole to assure good breakage near the collarv分

26、層裝藥爆破用于以下幾方面分層裝藥爆破用于以下幾方面:（1)利用相鄰利用相鄰的松軟巖層、斷層或土縫來(lái)節(jié)省炸藥（的松軟巖層、斷層或土縫來(lái)節(jié)省炸藥（2）降）降低一次性延遲引爆的炸藥量，降低地表震動(dòng)低一次性延遲引爆的炸藥量，降低地表震動(dòng)（3）增加炮孔中柱形炸藥的高度，以確保接）增加炮孔中柱形炸藥的高度，以確保接近孔口的巖石能更好地破碎。近孔口的巖石能更好地破碎。 v14、Decked charges should be separated by stemming materials at a length beyond which two adjacent decks do not affect on

27、e anotherv分層裝藥應(yīng)該用超過(guò)一定厚度的、兩相鄰分層裝藥應(yīng)該用超過(guò)一定厚度的、兩相鄰分層彼此互不影響的填塞物隔離（或：分分層彼此互不影響的填塞物隔離（或：分層裝藥應(yīng)該用超過(guò)一定厚度的填塞物隔離，層裝藥應(yīng)該用超過(guò)一定厚度的填塞物隔離，以保證兩相鄰分層彼此互不影響）。以保證兩相鄰分層彼此互不影響）。 v15、If interdeck stemming is too small , the deck designed to initiate on the earlier time delay may prematurely ,pri:mtjuli initiate the second de

28、ckv如果兩分層中間的填塞物質(zhì)太薄，那么分如果兩分層中間的填塞物質(zhì)太薄，那么分層設(shè)計(jì)中先延時(shí)起爆的層會(huì)過(guò)早地引爆下層設(shè)計(jì)中先延時(shí)起爆的層會(huì)過(guò)早地引爆下一個(gè)分層。一個(gè)分層。 v16、This situation is referred to as sympathetic detonation and may lead to excessively high ground vibrations or flyrock.v這種情況被稱(chēng)為殉爆或感應(yīng)爆破，它會(huì)導(dǎo)致劇這種情況被稱(chēng)為殉爆或感應(yīng)爆破，它會(huì)導(dǎo)致劇烈的地表震動(dòng)或飛石。烈的地表震動(dòng)或飛石。 v17、A rule of thumb for the de

29、sign of interdeck stem length is to employ the hole radius dimension in feet.v設(shè)計(jì)堵塞物長(zhǎng)度的經(jīng)驗(yàn)法則是采用以英尺標(biāo)注設(shè)計(jì)堵塞物長(zhǎng)度的經(jīng)驗(yàn)法則是采用以英尺標(biāo)注（或計(jì)量）的炮眼半徑（單位仍為米）。（或計(jì)量）的炮眼半徑（單位仍為米）。v18、Prior to loading , the drillers log should be checked for hole depths , sub-drilling , and indications of hard or soft seams , voids , and the

30、 presence of waterv在裝藥之前，需要檢查鉆孔員原始記錄中在裝藥之前，需要檢查鉆孔員原始記錄中的鉆孔深度、超深和堅(jiān)硬巖層與軟弱巖層的鉆孔深度、超深和堅(jiān)硬巖層與軟弱巖層的分層標(biāo)志、空隙以及水的出露標(biāo)志。的分層標(biāo)志、空隙以及水的出露標(biāo)志。 v19、Transporting the blasting crew and explosives to the blasting site is done once the site has been identified with markers and the site cleared of all personnel not involv

31、ed in hole loading.v一旦用標(biāo)記確定了爆破地點(diǎn)，而且已經(jīng)一旦用標(biāo)記確定了爆破地點(diǎn)，而且已經(jīng)疏疏散散了所有與爆破無(wú)關(guān)的人員，那么就要運(yùn)了所有與爆破無(wú)關(guān)的人員，那么就要運(yùn)載爆破人員與炸藥到爆破工地。載爆破人員與炸藥到爆破工地。v20、Initiators , cap-sensitive explosives , and noncap-sensitive agents must be transported in accordance with regulations in approved vehicles，carrying classification signs.v引爆藥、雷

32、管敏感炸藥、雷管非敏感劑必須引爆藥、雷管敏感炸藥、雷管非敏感劑必須按規(guī)定用許可的車(chē)輛統(tǒng)一運(yùn)送，注意按類(lèi)別按規(guī)定用許可的車(chē)輛統(tǒng)一運(yùn)送，注意按類(lèi)別標(biāo)記分類(lèi)搬運(yùn)。標(biāo)記分類(lèi)搬運(yùn)。 v21、Proper tools for loading include a cloth measuring tape ，a wooden tamping pole， a pair of wire cutters and strippers , a mirror , grappling hooks , and a powder punchv所需裝載的工具包括：一個(gè)布卷尺、一個(gè)所需裝載的工具包括：一個(gè)布卷尺、一個(gè)木制搗棒、一副

33、剪線鉗和剝線鉗、一把反木制搗棒、一副剪線鉗和剝線鉗、一把反射鏡、爪鉤和粉末沖擊器。射鏡、爪鉤和粉末沖擊器。 v22、Caps or detonating cords are inserted and wrapped around the primer in accordance with manufacturers recommendationsv按照生產(chǎn)商提供的使用說(shuō)明將雷管插入起爆物按照生產(chǎn)商提供的使用說(shuō)明將雷管插入起爆物或?qū)⒁€纏繞在起爆物上?；?qū)⒁€纏繞在起爆物上。 v23、A small amount of main charge is added to the hole bot

34、tom , then（？）（？） the primer carefully lowered.v將少量主要的炸藥加到孔底部，然后將引爆物將少量主要的炸藥加到孔底部，然后將引爆物小心地緩緩放下。小心地緩緩放下。v24、The main charge is poured (for free-running explosives) or carefully lowered (if packaged) , while measuring the loading depth to ensure that each deck or column rises to the designed length (b

35、ased on known loading density)v只要只要測(cè)量裝載深度確保每個(gè)分層或每個(gè)孔柱測(cè)量裝載深度確保每個(gè)分層或每個(gè)孔柱的裝藥達(dá)到設(shè)計(jì)深度（根據(jù)已知的裝藥密的裝藥達(dá)到設(shè)計(jì)深度（根據(jù)已知的裝藥密度），就可將主要炸藥倒進(jìn)（散裝炸藥）炮度），就可將主要炸藥倒進(jìn)（散裝炸藥）炮眼或小心地緩緩放下（如果已經(jīng)打包）。眼或小心地緩緩放下（如果已經(jīng)打包）。 v25、Depending on the SI B ratio , the actual timing (in milliseconds) between detonating charges will determine muck pile displacement height and（or?）distance from the bench.v根據(jù)根據(jù)S與與B的比率、荷載與起爆之間的實(shí)際的比率、荷載與起爆之間的實(shí)際時(shí)間（精確到毫秒）將會(huì)決定爆堆（石堆）時(shí)間（精確到毫秒）將會(huì)決定爆堆（石堆）的位移和高度或到平臺(tái)的距離。的位移和高度或到平臺(tái)的距離。 v26、High ground v