（精心整理）主題句簡介topic sentence

1、主題句簡介topic sentence二、主題句簡介21 主題句 作者的首要任務(wù)是讓讀者知道所寫段落要談的是什么， 這就是每段的主題句 的作用。因此主題句應(yīng)該闡明段落的主要思想，所有支持主題句的細節(jié)和描述都 與這一主要思想有關(guān)。 22 主題句的形式 主題句通常有以下三種形式： 1）肯定句（Affirmative Sentence） Example： The need for wildlife protection is greater now than ever before 2）反詰句（Rhetorical Sentence） Example： How do you think people

2、 will solve the problem of wildlife protection？ 3）不完整句（Fragments） Example： And the workingman？ 初學(xué)者最好使用肯定句作為主題句。 23 主題句的位置 主題句出現(xiàn)的位置有以下四種情況： 1）段首（At the beginning） 主題句經(jīng)常居于段首，以便讀者瀏覽主題句就可掌握文章的概要。這個位置 適用于寫提供信息或解釋觀點的段落。 2）段末（At the end） 用推理方法展開段落時，主題句往往位于句末。 3）段中（In the middle） 有時為了使段落多樣化，主題句也可以居于段中。4）隱含（

3、Implied） 有時候，尤其在寫敘述性或描寫性段落時，當(dāng)所有的細節(jié)都圍繞著一個顯而 易見的主題時可以不用主題句。 2Exercise 2-1 Directions： Read the following paragraphs and identify the topic sentence If it is implied， summarize it yourself（ 1）But no matter what it is called， all polyester has certain good points It does not wrinkle easily It dries quic

4、kly after it is washed It holds its shape It is strong and keeps its colors well Topic Sentence：_ Position：_（ 2）Black is the colour of mourning Red symbolizes danger，violence， or bloodshed If you are afraid， you are yellow None of these sayings is true outside the English speaking world In China and

5、 Korea， white is the color of mourning In Russia red stands for beauty and life In Italy and Germany you are yellow with anger，not with fear Topic Sentence：_ Position：_（ 3）Our chief source of fresh water is rainfall that collects in lakes， rivers， and reservoirs Recently， however， we have discovered

6、 anew source， aquifers， which are rock formations containing water Even under deserts， vast aquifers may be waiting to be tappedCompanies drilling for oil in the Middle East have sometimes struck aquifers， which provide unexpected water supplies for arid regions Topic Sentence：_ Position：_（ 4）Suppos

7、e youre playing a game You make a silly mistake and lose Do you become angry？ Or can you laugh at yourself and hope to do better next time？ Suppose you are at a special dinnerYou accidentally spill some foodWhy keep worrying about how clumsy you look？Why not laugh it off and enjoy yourself anyway？If

8、 you can， its good sign youve really grown up Topic Sentence：_ Position：_（ 5）Young men sometimes bring edelweiss back for their girlfriends The girls think of the flowers as a proof of true loveMountain climbers， guides， and hunters pick edelweiss tooThey wear it on their hats To them it is a sign o

9、f courage and daring Topic Sentence：_ Position：_三、 如何寫好主題句31 關(guān)于寫主題句的建議 1）要寫合乎語法的句子 Example 1： Two causes of the American Civil War 這個句子是個不完整的句子，不合乎語法，因此不能用作主題句。 Example 2： There were two causes that led to the American Civil War 重寫后的句子合乎語法，是個較好的主題句。 2）要使用限寫詞限定主題 為了正確表達觀點，好的主題句經(jīng)常使用關(guān)鍵詞或詞組，即限制詞 （contro

10、llers）限制這一觀點。 Example 3： Air travel is more convenient than train for at least three reasons 從上例主題句我們得知作者將要寫“air travel”（ topic），他將要把 “train”（ aspect）和“ air travel”作比較，并且陳述“reasons”。由此 可見，作者在“aspect”（方面）和“reason”（原因）兩方面限制他的主題。 3）要注意主題的可寫性 所定的主題不能太籠統(tǒng)，也不能太具體。 Example 4： In Hemingways story “Soldiers H

11、ome”，Krebs tells his mother that he wants no part of Gods Kingdom 這個句子太具體以至于無東西可寫，無法展開段落。 Example 5： In Hemingways story “Soldier Home” Kreb is a lonely， s ， cynical veteran 這個句子可作為主題句，因為可以圍繞“l(fā)onely，cynical”展開段落。 Example 6： Let me tell you something about overpopulation 這個句子太籠統(tǒng)，作為一個段落的主題太大，難于駕馭。 Exa

12、mple 7： Why has the world population been increasing sorapidly in the last decades？這個句子是個較好的主題句，作者用“the reasons for overpopulation in the last decades”，從“原因”（cause）和“時間”（time）兩方面限制了 主題，能在一個段落內(nèi)論述。 3Exercise 3-1 Directions： Identify the areas which limit the topic sentences 311 Soccer has become incre

13、asingly popular in the U S in the last ten years Topic：_ Limitations：_ 312 Pollution has caused three major problems in the last decades Topic：_ Limitations：_ 313There are two kinds of memory： short-term and long-term Topic：_ Limitations：_ 314 Women are playing an increasingly important part in soci

14、ety today Topic：_ Limitations：_ 315 Women are paid less for equal work than men in some companies Topic：_ Limitations：_ 3Exercise 3-2 Directions： Write two topic sentences for each of the topics， limiting the topic in different ways 3 2 1 Topic： the study of EnglishTopic Sentence 1：_ Topic Sentence

15、2： 322 Topic： college students today Topic Sentence 1：_ Topic Sentence 2：_ 323 Topic： women in China Topic Sentence 1：_ Topic Sentence 2：_ 324 Topic：crime Topic Sentence 1：_ Topic Sentence 2：_Exercise 3Exercise 3-3 Directions： Read the following paragraphs and supply the missing topic sentence（ 1）_

16、Icelands flag， for instance， stands for features of the landRed for the fire of Icelands volcanoes White is for ice Blue is for the mountains On Indias flag， the blue wheel stands for peace and progress The white stripe behind it is for truth The black stripe on the flag of Malawi stands for the Neg

17、ro people of that African land The red stripe represents the blood they shed to free themselves from foreign rule （ 2）_ The one most people are familiar with is the“desk dictionary”， sometimes refered to as general-purpose dictionary Another kind is the pronouncing dictionary， which is concerned with a words