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1、第05講冠詞和名詞 冠詞 冠詞是虛詞,放在名詞之前,用來說明名詞指的人或事物。冠詞有兩種。a(an)叫不定冠詞,the叫定冠詞。a用在輔音(發(fā)音)之前,an用在元音(發(fā) 音)之前。不定冠詞的用法(1)不定冠詞a/an用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前表示泛指,泛指某一人或某一物。如:The Chinese Dream is a dream to improve peoples well-being and a dream of harmony, peace and development.“中國(guó)夢(mèng)”是一個(gè)改善民生的夢(mèng),是一個(gè)和諧、和平和開展的夢(mèng)。(2)表示某種身份、職業(yè)、地位、國(guó)籍。如:When the As
2、hleys tried to make her return, Mumbet consulted a lawyer, Theodore Sedgewick. 當(dāng)Ashleys 一家試圖讓她回來時(shí),Mumbet咨詢了一個(gè)叫西奧多,塞奇威克的律師。(3)用在人名或時(shí)間名詞前表示不確定的某個(gè)人或某個(gè)時(shí)間;用在人名前還可表示與某人 有類似性質(zhì)的人。如:一Excuse me, is there a Mr Tailor living in the neighborhood? There is a parcel for him.一Sorry, but there is no such person here
3、.勞駕,這個(gè)居民點(diǎn)住著一位名叫Tailor的先生嗎?這里有他的包裹。對(duì)不起,這兒沒有這么一個(gè)人。(4)不定冠詞用在序數(shù)詞前不表示排序,而表示“再一,又一,如:She didnt like the color of the two bags and asked for a third one.她不喜歡這兩個(gè)包的顏色,又要了一個(gè)。(5)表示單位時(shí)間內(nèi)的頻度,含有“每”的概念。The medicine is to be taken three times a day. 這藥每天吃三次。(6)具有動(dòng)作意義的名詞在與have, take, make等構(gòu)成短語表示一種短暫性的動(dòng)作時(shí),前 面要加不定冠詞。如
4、:take a look 看一看;have a try 試一試。You had better go to the factory and have a look.你最好到廠里去看一看。(7)不定冠詞常用在一些固定搭配中。如:a waste of 浪費(fèi);all of a sudden 突然地;as a rule 通常。It hit me all of a sudden that I had forgotten her birthday.我突然想起我把她的生日給忘了。定冠詞用法果。考查冠詞。a/an 一個(gè),不定冠詞,表泛指;根據(jù)句意理解可知,這里空格修飾的是名詞result, 是一個(gè)可數(shù)名詞,所以
5、這里應(yīng)該用不定冠詞,而空格后面的unexpected是元音音標(biāo)開頭的 單詞,所以這里應(yīng)該用不定冠詞an,應(yīng)選B。20. George Washington was honest boy that all the neighbors all trusted him.A. so anB. such anC. such a【答案】B【解析】句意:?jiǎn)讨稳A盛頓是一個(gè)如此老實(shí)的孩子以至于所有的鄰居都信任他??疾閟uch的用法。such+a/an+形容詞+名詞,又因honest發(fā)音是以元音音素開頭的單詞,故 用不定冠詞an,綜合分析,應(yīng)選B。冠詞拔高版單項(xiàng)選擇Li Hua has good knowledg
6、e of many foreign languages, and one of them is Englishwhich is language spoken by many people in the world.A. the; aB. a; theC. a; aD. the; the【答案】C【解析】考查冠詞。句意:李華精通許多外語,其中之一是英語,這是世界上許多人說的一 種語言。have a good knowledge of,是固定短語,意為“精通”,因此第一空是a;結(jié)合句意“這 是世界上許多人說的一種語言”是泛指,故應(yīng)用不定冠詞修飾language。應(yīng)選C。Ryan really h
7、ad made difference to these children. He broke intojoyful smile.A. the; theB. the; aC. a; theD. a; a【答案】D【解析】考查不定冠詞。句意:Ryan真的給這些孩子們帶來了改變。他愉快地笑了起來。 make a difference有影響,起重要作用,固定短語;smile笑容,此處用作可數(shù)名詞,表示泛 指,第二空用不定冠詞a。應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。Internet helps friendships.A. AnB. AC. /D. The【答案】D【解析】考查冠詞。句意:互聯(lián)網(wǎng)有助于友誼。Internet是獨(dú)一
8、無二的東西,因此前面用定 冠詞the,位于句首,首字母大寫,應(yīng)選D。I couldnt remember exact date of the Picasso exhibition, but I knew it wasSaturday.A. the; aB. the; theC. an; aD. an;/【答案】A【解析】考查冠詞。句意:我不記得畢加索畫展確實(shí)切日期了,但我知道那天是星期六。分 析句子且根據(jù)句意可知,第一空是特指“畢加索畫展確實(shí)切日期”,故填定冠詞the;第二空 是泛指“某一個(gè)星期六”,故填不定冠詞a。應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。There is wide range of activities
9、for children in our club.A. anB. theC. /D. a【答案】D【解析】考查冠詞。句意:我們的俱樂部為兒童提供各種活動(dòng)。根據(jù)句意及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知, 此處考查短語a wide range of,表示“各種各樣的“,故填a,應(yīng)選D。It took us quite a long time to get there. It was journey.A. three-hourB. a three hour C. three hours D. a three-hour【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞。句意:我們花了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才到那里,三個(gè)小時(shí)的路程。three-hour“三 個(gè)
10、小時(shí)的”為形容性復(fù)合詞,在句中作定語,修飾名詞journey。注意:1.有連字符號(hào);2. hour 用單數(shù)形式。journey (路程)在句中為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,需要不定冠詞。應(yīng)選D。Han Dynasty was founded with Changan its capital.A. The; asB. /; beingC. The; likeD. /; to be【答案】A【解析】考查冠詞及介詞。句意:漢朝建立,定都長(zhǎng)安。第一個(gè)空考查冠詞的用法,在朝代 名詞前需用定冠詞the,故第一空選the,排除B、D選項(xiàng);“as”作介詞時(shí)有“作為”之意;力ike” 作介詞表“像”,根據(jù)句意應(yīng)當(dāng)是以長(zhǎng)安作為
11、都城,應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。Steve lives in European country, and he teaches in university there.A. an; aB. an; theC. a; aD. a; an【答案】C【解析】考查冠詞。句意:Steve住在一個(gè)歐洲國(guó)家,他在那里的一所大學(xué)教書。冠詞a后 面加輔音開頭的單詞,European和university都是輔音開頭的單詞,應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。lets go to cinema , which will take your mind off the problem for while.A. the ,theB. the, aC. a, t
12、heD. a, a【答案】B【解析】考查冠詞。句意:我們?nèi)タ措娪鞍?!這會(huì)讓你的注意力遠(yuǎn)離這個(gè)問題一段時(shí)間。第 一空為固定詞組go to the cinema“去看電影”;第二空也是固定詞組for a while“一會(huì)兒”。故 選BoWhen you finish reading the book, you will have _ better understanding of _ life.A. a, theB. the, aC. /, theD. a, /【答案】D【解析】考查冠詞。句意:當(dāng)你讀完這本書的時(shí)候,你會(huì)對(duì)生活有更深的理解。此題第一空 是固定詞組have a better unde
13、rstanding of有更好的理解;第二空的名詞life是一個(gè)抽象名詞, 要單獨(dú)使用,不需要冠詞。應(yīng)選D。experiment took us five months and turned out great disappointment.A. The ;/B. /; aC. The; aD. The; the【答案】C【解析】考查冠詞。句意:這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)花了我們五個(gè)月的時(shí)間,結(jié)果卻是很大的失望。第一空 是特指我們進(jìn)行了五個(gè)月的實(shí)驗(yàn),故用定冠詞the;第二空是抽象名詞具體化,用不定冠詞 a表示“一件失望的事”,應(yīng)選C。一Have you heard of death of Steven Jobs
14、?一 Yes. It must be shock to Apple fans.A. the; theB. a; theC. the; aD. a; /【答案】C【解析】考查冠詞。句意:你聽說喬布斯的死訊了嗎? 聽說了,這肯定震驚了蘋果 的粉絲們。第一空特指喬布斯的死,用定冠詞the;第二空a shock是指一件令人驚訝的事情。 應(yīng)選C。一Imagine you are outside when earthquake comes. What should you do?Go to open space away from buildings or trees.A. the; theB. the;
15、 anC. an; theD. an; an【答案】D【解析】考查冠詞。句意:想象一下,當(dāng)?shù)卣饋砼R的時(shí)候,你在外面,你會(huì)做什么? 到一塊遠(yuǎn)離大樓和樹木的空地上。第一空泛指地震這一類事物,用an earthquake來表示; 第二空用an泛指“一塊空地、也應(yīng)用不定冠詞。應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。I wonder what it feels like to be one of really rich. The Jenkinsons already have twoRolls Royces and now they are buying third!A. the, aB. the, theC. /, aD. /,
16、the【答案】A【解析】考查冠詞。句意:我想知道當(dāng)一個(gè)真正的富人是什么感覺。詹金森夫婦已經(jīng)有了兩 輛勞斯萊斯,現(xiàn)在他們正在購(gòu)買第三輛!第一空,the +形容詞指一類人;第二空,a+序數(shù)詞 表示“在前面數(shù)字的基礎(chǔ)上再出現(xiàn)一個(gè)。應(yīng)選A。The Spring Festival is time when Chinese people get together to eat, drink and havefun with each other.A. a; /B. a; theC. the; aD. the; /【答案】A【解析】考查冠詞辨析。句意:春節(jié)是一個(gè)中國(guó)人都聚在一起吃喝,玩樂的時(shí)間。該句中“ti
17、me” 意為“時(shí)光,時(shí)刻”,是可數(shù)名詞,所以此處要用不定冠詞a;第二處“have fun”(玩的愉快) 是固定短語,不用加冠詞。應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。It was thought to be adventure for him to walk across Sahara Desert alone.A. an; theB. the, /C. /; theD. an; a【答案】A【解析】考查冠詞。句意:對(duì)他來說,單獨(dú)穿越撒哈拉沙漠被認(rèn)為是一種冒險(xiǎn)。第一個(gè)空 adventure是可數(shù)名詞,且以元音音素開頭,所以用an表泛指。第二空Sahara Desert是專 有名詞,所以要用定冠詞the。應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。part
18、 he played in the movie directed by the famous director moved the audiences to tears.A. A; theB. The;不填 C. A;不填D. The; the【答案】B【解析】考查冠詞。句意:他參演的由著名導(dǎo)演導(dǎo)演的那部電影,讓觀眾感動(dòng)得流下了眼淚。 第一個(gè)空格因?yàn)閜art有he played修飾,可以判斷是特指the。而后一個(gè)空格的tears是觀眾 們的,泛指復(fù)數(shù)名詞,表示一類人或事物時(shí),不用定冠詞,moveto tears“感動(dòng)的流淚:故 選B項(xiàng)。一What do you think of the gra
19、mmar book?一Oh, it is really useful reference book, which is worth reading second time.A. a, aB. an, theC. an, aD. the, the【答案】A【解析】考查冠詞。句意:你覺得這本語法書怎么樣?哦,這真是一本有用的參考 書,值得再讀一遍。第一空用不定冠詞表示泛指,指的是“一本有用的參考書“,useful不是 以元音因素開頭,不用an ,要用a;不定冠詞a與序數(shù)詞連用表示“再,又”,不表示次序, a second time表示“再次”,故第二個(gè)空用a,應(yīng)選A。As matter of fa
20、ct, basic gardening is so easy to achieve that even people with physicalhandicaps can garden.A. anB. theC. /D. a【答案】D【解析】考查冠詞。句意:事實(shí)上,基本的園藝如此容易學(xué)會(huì),以至于身體有殘疾的人也可 以從事園藝。A. an不定冠詞“一個(gè)”后面加元音音素開頭的單詞;B.the定冠詞表示特指這 個(gè);C. /零冠詞;D. a不定冠詞一個(gè);固定短語“事實(shí)上”是as a matter of fact。應(yīng)選D。College students should be encouraged to
21、use Internet as resource whenplanning a term paper.A. the; aB. /; theC. the; theD. a; a【答案】A【解析】考查冠詞的用法。句意:當(dāng)規(guī)劃學(xué)期論文的時(shí)候,大學(xué)生應(yīng)該被鼓勵(lì)把網(wǎng)絡(luò)作為一 種資源來利用。Internet是專有名詞,所以前面要用定冠詞the; resource“資源”是可數(shù)名詞, 此處指把網(wǎng)絡(luò)當(dāng)作一種資源,應(yīng)用不定冠詞修飾,且resource的發(fā)音是輔音音素開頭,應(yīng)用 ao應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。名詞基礎(chǔ)版用所給單詞的正確形式填空We Chinese all have an(agree) to develop sci
22、ence and technology.【答案】agreement【解析】句意:我們中國(guó)人為了開展科學(xué)和科技全部達(dá)成一致。“an”后加名詞單數(shù),所以要 把動(dòng)詞agree變成名詞,在agree”后力故填agreement。They havent made a(decide) where to spend their summer vacation.【答案】decision【解析】句意“他們還未決定去哪里過暑假: 根據(jù)空前a可知,用名詞,且根據(jù)make a decision做決定”可知,故填decision oWe assure you of our best(serve) to you.【答案】
23、service【解析】句意:我們保證向你提供最好的服務(wù)。形容詞性物主代詞+名詞,根據(jù)“our best”可知此處缺名詞,結(jié)合所給單詞,故答案為serviceoThe guide book is for that important(visit).【答案】visitor【解析】句意:這本導(dǎo)游手冊(cè)是為那位重要的來訪者準(zhǔn)備的。visit動(dòng)詞,翻譯為“拜訪,參 觀”。分析句子可知,此處用于句中作賓語,又因?yàn)槠淝坝斜韱螖?shù)的that修飾,所以此處用 其名詞原形即可。故填visitor。Yuan Longping is one of the greatest (science) in China.【答案】s
24、cientists【解析】句意:袁隆平是中國(guó)最偉大的科學(xué)家之一。one of the+形容詞的最高級(jí)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞,表示“最的之一”,故填scientists。That couple of French(music) work attracts us deeply.【答案】musicians9【解析】句意:那對(duì)法國(guó)音樂家的作品深深吸引了我們。work作品,名詞需用形容詞或所有格修飾;根據(jù)句意結(jié)構(gòu)和所給單詞提示,可知是“音樂家 的”作品,couple (一對(duì))表復(fù)數(shù)意義,故填musicians。We can win the heated if we present the facts clearly
25、, (argue)【答案】argument【解析】句意:如果我們能清楚地呈現(xiàn)事實(shí),我們就能贏得激烈的爭(zhēng)論??仗幍脑~在形容詞“heated激烈的”之后,應(yīng)是名詞;argue是動(dòng)詞,爭(zhēng)論,對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞是 argument,爭(zhēng)論,故答案為 argument。. These Chinese(invent) names are difficult to remember, but their contributions are really great.【答案】inventors9【解析】句意:這些中國(guó)創(chuàng)造家的名字很難記住,但他們的貢獻(xiàn)確實(shí)是巨大的。names名字,名詞需用形容詞或所有格修飾;these這
26、些,修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞;根據(jù)句意結(jié)構(gòu)和 所給單詞提示,可知需用inventor的復(fù)數(shù)形式;以s結(jié)尾的名詞所有格直接在后面加故 填 inventors。To tell you the, the tour of the Movie Park was the highlight of our visit.(true)【答案】truth【解析】句意:說實(shí)話,參觀電影公園是我們這次訪問中最精彩的局部。true真實(shí)的,真的,是一個(gè)形容詞。空前是定冠詞the,應(yīng)修飾名詞,故將true變?yōu)槊~truth, 意為“真理,真相to tell you the truth是一個(gè)固定短語,意為“說實(shí)話工 故答案為truth。
27、Boys, dont play with these(knife). They are dangerous.【答案】knives【解析】句意:男孩子們,別玩刀。它們是很危險(xiǎn)的??崭裨趖hese后面,判斷填復(fù)數(shù)名詞;knife小刀,名詞,以f/fe為結(jié)尾,其復(fù)數(shù)形式改f/fe 為v,再加es;故答案為knives。Suddenly, a lot of(leaf) were blown into the house.【答案】leaves【解析】句意:突然,許多樹葉被吹進(jìn)了房子??疾槊~的單復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)a lot of可知后用可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。leaf的復(fù)數(shù)形式是leaves。故填leaves。名詞拔高版
28、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子She has always been encouraged to swim to build up the(strong) of her muscles.【答案】strength【解析】考查名詞。句意:她總是被鼓勵(lì)去游泳以增強(qiáng)肌肉的力量。根據(jù)前文定冠詞the可 知,此處應(yīng)用strong的名詞strength (不可數(shù)名詞)作賓語。故填strength。We should encourage our students to have(confident) in themselves.【答案】confidence【解析】考查名詞。句意:我們應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)我們的學(xué)生對(duì)自己有信心。
29、根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可 知,這里考查名詞confidence做賓語,表示“信心”的意思,是不可數(shù)名詞。故填conscience。In(term)of money, the man was very rich, but he was not happy at all.【答案】terms【解析】考查固定搭配。句意:就錢而言,這個(gè)男人很富有,但是他一點(diǎn)都不快樂。根據(jù)句 子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,這里考查固定搭配in terms of表示“就而言”的意思。故填terms。The(disappear) of dinosaurs is caused by many factors.【答案】disappearance
30、【解析】考查名詞。句意:恐龍的消失是由許多因素引起的。根據(jù)前文定冠詞The以及后 文is可知,此處應(yīng)用名詞disappearance作主語,表示“絕跡、消亡”,為不可數(shù)名詞。故填 disappearance oWhen the old man was hit by the car, all(passer-by) just stood by but only Jack came to rescue.【答案】passers-by【解析】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意:當(dāng)這個(gè)老人被車撞時(shí),所有的路人都袖手旁觀,只有Jack 過來救援。由all判斷此處用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式,故填passers-by。The studen
31、ts were praised fbr their good(behave) in class.【答案】behaviors【解析】考查名詞。句意:學(xué)生們因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)谡n堂上好的表現(xiàn)而被表揚(yáng)了。根據(jù)空格前面的 介詞“for”,形容詞性物主代詞thei/和形容詞“good”可知,空格處要填名詞,作介詞“for”的 賓語,同時(shí)被their good”修飾。根據(jù)所給提示詞“behave”可知,它的名詞形式是behavior。 根據(jù)句子意思可知,這里孩子們的課堂表現(xiàn)應(yīng)該是泛指,所以用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式表示泛指。故 填 behaviors oToday restaurants in Guangzhou stimul
32、ate(customer)appetite with over 1,000 offerings, each more delicious than the last.【答案】customers9【解析】考查名詞所有格。句意:如今,廣州的餐館用1000多種美食刺激顧客的食欲,一 種比一種更美味。分析句子可知,設(shè)空處應(yīng)填名詞所有格作定語,customer的所有格為customers9 o 故填 customers。We look forward to your(settle) at an early date.【答案】settlement【解析考查名詞。句意:我方期待著貴方早日解決這一問題。loo
33、kforwrdto+名詞/動(dòng)名詞, 意為“期待”,設(shè)空前有形容詞性物主代詞your,設(shè)空處應(yīng)填名詞,故填settlement。There was a general(expect) that he would win.【答案】expectation【解析】考查名詞。句意:大家普遍認(rèn)為他會(huì)贏。分析句子可知,設(shè)空前有,general”,設(shè) 空處應(yīng)填可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。故填expectation。What do you think of the collection of(paint) by American artists ?【答案】paintings【解析】考查名詞。句意:你覺得美國(guó)藝術(shù)家的繪畫收藏怎
34、么樣?根據(jù)句意和前文the collection of可知,此處應(yīng)用paint的名詞painting的復(fù)數(shù)形式作介詞賓語。故填paintingso(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。如:The book on the desk is an English dictionary.Beijing is the capital of China.(2)指說話人和聽話人都熟悉的人或事物。如:Open the door, please.Jack is in the library.(3)上文提到過的人或事物。如:Yesterday Johns father bought him a new bike.
35、The bike cost him 200 yuan.(4)表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物。如:The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.(5)用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)之前。如:Shanghai is the biggest city in China.January is the first month of the year.(6)用在某些形容詞之前,表示某一類人或事物。如:The nurse is kind to the sick.We should take good care of the old.(7)用在某些專有名詞之前和某些習(xí)慣用語
36、中。如:the Great Wall, the Summer palace, in the morning, in the open air 等。(8)用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)之前,表示“某某一家人”,“某某夫婦如:the Browns, the whites 等。不用冠詞的情況(1)某些專有名詞,抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞前一般不用冠詞。例如:China, Canada, Japanese, glass, water, love 等。(2)名詞前已有作定語用的 this, that, my, your, whose, some, any, no, each, every 等代詞時(shí),不用冠詞。如:That is
37、my cap.I have some questions.Go down this street.(3)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人或事物時(shí),不用冠詞。如:They are workers.We are students.(4)稱呼語前不用冠詞,表不頭銜和職務(wù)的名詞前也不加冠詞。如:I dont feel well today, Mother.Bush was made president of the U.S.(5)三餐飯的名稱前,球類活動(dòng),學(xué)科和節(jié)目名詞前,常不用冠詞。如:I have lunch at home.He often plays football after class.We have
38、 English and maths every day.(6)在某些固定詞組里,名詞之前常不用冠詞。例如:By air, at night, at home, go to bed, go to school, on foot, from morning till night 等。名詞名詞的數(shù)單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。復(fù)數(shù)形式通常是在單數(shù)形式后加詞尾“-力構(gòu)成,其主要變 法如下:(1 ) 一 般情況在詞尾加-s ,例如:bookbooks, girlgirls, boyboys, penpens, doctor一doctors, boy一boys。(2)以 s, x, ch, s
39、h,結(jié)尾的詞加-es,例如:busbuses, class-classes, box-boxes, watch一watches, brush一brushes。(3)以 ce, se, ze, (d) ge 結(jié)尾的名詞加-s,例如:orange-orangeso(4)以輔音母加 y 結(jié)尾的詞變?yōu)閕 再加-es,如:city-cities, factoryfactories, country-countries, familyfamilies。但要注意的是以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式只 力口-s, 如:boy一boys, day-days。(5)以 o 結(jié)尾的詞多數(shù)都加-es,如:hero-
40、heroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes,但 詞末為兩個(gè)元音字母的詞只加l-s,如:zoo一zoos, radio-radios,還有某些外來詞也只加-s, 如:photo一photos, pianopianos。(6)以 f 或 fb 結(jié)尾的詞,多數(shù)變 f 為 v 再加-es,如:knifb-knives, leaf-leaves, half-halves。(7)少數(shù)名詞有不規(guī)那么的復(fù)數(shù)形式,如:man-men, womanwomen, toothteeth, footfeet, childchildren, mousemiceo【注意】與man和wo
41、man構(gòu)成的合成詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是-men和-women。如:an Englishman, two Englishmen;(注意:German不是合成詞,故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germanso )I Iman, woman等作定語時(shí),它的單復(fù)數(shù)以其所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定,如:men workers, women teachers o有個(gè)別名詞單復(fù)數(shù)一樣,如:Chinese, Japanese, sheep, deer, fish 等。(注意:但當(dāng)fish表示不同種類的魚時(shí),可以加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾。)(8)單數(shù)形式但其意為復(fù)數(shù)的名詞有:people, police等。(9)數(shù)詞+名詞作定語時(shí),這個(gè)名詞一般保存單
42、數(shù)形式,中間加連字符。例如an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。(10)有些名詞僅有復(fù)數(shù)形式,如:trousers, clothes, chopsticks, glasses, goods, ashes, scissors, compasses。(ID只用作單數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞有:科學(xué)名詞:physics, mathematics/maths游戲名稱:bowls專有名詞:the United States, Niagara Falls其他名詞:news, falls復(fù)數(shù)詞尾s (或es)的讀音方法如下表所示:情況讀法例詞在等清輔音后Scups, hats, c
43、akes在sz皿知國(guó)等音后izglasses, pages, oranges, buses, watches,faces在血dgv等濁輔音后beds, dogs, cities, knives不可數(shù)名詞量”的表示方法在英語中,不可數(shù)名詞如果要表示“量的概念”,可以用以下兩種方法:(1)用 much, a little, a lot of? lots of, some, any 等表示多少,如:The rich man has a lot of money.There is some milk in the bottle.Is there any water in the glass?I don
44、t like winter because there5s too much snow and ice.(2)用a piece of這類定語,如:a piece of paper, a piece of wood, a piece of breada bottle of orange; a glass of water(milk); a cup of tea; a bag of rice; three bags of rice。如果耍表示“兩杯茶”、“四張紙”這類概念時(shí),在容器后加復(fù)數(shù),如:two cups of tea;four pieces of paper;three glasses o
45、f water.名詞的所有格名詞所有格,用來表示人或物的所有,以及領(lǐng)屬關(guān)系。.表示有生命的名詞的所有格其單數(shù)形式是加I,其復(fù)數(shù)形式是C,如:a students room;students* rooms;fathers shoes o.如其結(jié)尾不是s的復(fù)數(shù)形式仍加1,如:Childrens Day。.表示時(shí)間、距離、長(zhǎng)度、重量、價(jià)格、世界、國(guó)家等名詞的所有格耍用I,如:a twenty minutes1 walk;ten miles* journey;a boats length;two pounds* weight;ten dollars* worth o.無生命名詞的所有格那么必須用of結(jié)
46、構(gòu),如:a map of China;the end of this term;the capital of our country;the color of the flowers o.雙重所有格,如:a friend of my fathers?!咀⒁狻咳绻麅蓚€(gè)名詞并列的情況:分別有s,那么表示“分別有”,例如:Johnfs and Mar/s rooms (約翰和瑪麗各有一間,共兩間);Toms and Marys bikes (兩人各自的自行車)。只有一個(gè)s,那么表示“共有”,例如:John and Mary!s room (約翰和瑪麗共有一間);Tom and Marys mothe
47、r (Tom 與 Mary 是兄妹)。?檢測(cè)訓(xùn)練冠詞基礎(chǔ)版一、單項(xiàng)選擇I would like to be teacher when I grow up.A. aB. anC. theD. /【答案】A【解析】句意:當(dāng)我長(zhǎng)大后我想成為一名老師??疾楣谠~的用法。”成為一名老師”應(yīng)用表泛指的不定冠詞a或者an來表示。teacher是以輔 音音素開頭的單詞,故應(yīng)選不定冠詞a。應(yīng)選A。What are you searching fbr on the Internet?一Im trying to buy MP3 player at low price.A. a; aB. an; theC. an; a
48、D. the; the【答案】C【解析】句意:你在網(wǎng)上搜尋什么? 我在盡力低價(jià)買一個(gè)MP3??疾楣谠~用法。根據(jù)句意可知,第一空表示泛指,應(yīng)用a/an。MP3中“M/emT是以元音音素 開頭的單詞,應(yīng)用an。at a low price”意為“以低價(jià)”,為固定用法。應(yīng)選C。一Have you read a book called The Merchant of Venice2Yes.book is very interesting.A. AnB. AC. TheD. /【答案】C【解析】句意:你讀過一本叫威尼斯商人的書嗎? 是的。這本書是非常有趣的。 考查冠詞的用法。根據(jù)句意可知,“book”是
49、上句提到是特指,故應(yīng) 填the。應(yīng)選C。Shall we play basketball this afternoon?一Good idea! Do you have basketball?A. the; aB. a; aC. /; /D. /; a【答案】D【解析】句意: 我們今天下午打籃球好嗎? 好主意!你有籃球嗎?考查冠詞辨析。a不定冠詞,表示泛指,用于以輔音音素開頭的單詞前;an不定冠詞,表示 泛指,用于以元音音素開頭的單詞前;the表示特指等;/零冠詞,用于球類運(yùn)動(dòng)和一日三餐 等。空一用于球類運(yùn)動(dòng)之前,應(yīng)是零冠詞;根據(jù)句意,空二表示泛指,且basketball是以輔 音音素開頭的單詞
50、,故不定冠詞用于a。應(yīng)選D。, Have you ever read the book The Adventures of Tom Sawyer?Yes, its really interesting book.A. aB. anC. theD. /【答案】B【解析】句意:你讀過湯姆索亞歷險(xiǎn)記這本書嗎? 讀過。它真的是一本很有 趣的書。考查冠詞。a不定冠詞,表示泛指,用于輔音音素開頭的詞前;an不定冠詞,表示泛指,用 于元音音素開頭的詞前;the定冠詞,表示特指;/不填。根據(jù)句意,此處表示泛指,應(yīng)用不 定冠詞,且interesting以元音音素開頭。應(yīng)選B。一Is AC Milan Europ
51、ean football club?一Yes Its one of most successful clubs in Italy.A. a; /B. a; theC. an; theD. an; /【答案】B【解析】句意:AC米蘭是歐洲的一支足球俱樂部嗎? 是的。它是意大利最成功的 俱樂部之一??疾楣谠~辨析。a/an均表示泛指,修飾單數(shù)名詞;a用于輔音發(fā)音開頭的詞前,an用于元 音發(fā)音開頭的詞前。定冠詞表特指或用于序數(shù)詞以及形容詞和副詞的最高級(jí)前。根據(jù)題干, European以輔音音素開頭,需用不定冠詞a; “one of the +最高級(jí)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”是固定用法, most successfu
52、l是形容詞最高級(jí),需用定冠詞修飾,應(yīng)選B。Britain is European country. However, Japan is Asian country.A. a, anB. an, aC. a, aD. an, an【答案】A【解析】句意:英國(guó)是一個(gè)歐洲國(guó)家。然而,日本是一個(gè)亞洲國(guó)家??疾椴欢ü谠~的用法。a/an表示泛指,a用于輔音音素開頭的單詞前;an用于元音音素開頭 的單詞前;European是以輔音音素開頭的單詞,不定代詞用a; Asian是以元音音素開頭的 單詞,不定代詞用an。應(yīng)選A。Do you know lady talking with Mr Brown over
53、there?一Yes, She is our new English teacher.A. /; theB. the; theC. a;/D. the; /【答案】D【解析】句意:你認(rèn)識(shí)那邊和布朗先生說話的那位女士嗎? 是的,她是我們的新英 語老師。考查冠詞。第一句中l(wèi)ady有后置定語“talking with Mr Brown over there”可知是特指,所以填 定冠詞the;形容詞性物主代詞和冠詞不可同時(shí)使用,根據(jù)our可知使用零冠詞(/);應(yīng)選 DoJane,honest child, bought useful dictionary yesterday.A. a; aB. an;
54、 anC. a; anD. an; a【答案】D【解析】句意:簡(jiǎn),一個(gè)老實(shí)的小孩,昨天買了一本有用的字典。此題考查不定冠詞a, an在單詞前面的用法。a一個(gè),用在以輔音音素開頭的單詞之前,an 用在以元音音素開頭的單詞之前。第一空后hones儼老實(shí)的”,以元音音素開頭,用an,排除 A和C。第二空處,usefUl為輔音音素開頭,用a,應(yīng)選D。Heres 80-word article on how to wash hands, which was written by universitystudent in Taizhou.A. a; anB. an; aC. an; anD. an; th
55、e【答案】B【解析】句意:這是一篇80字的關(guān)于如何洗手的文章,作者是臺(tái)州的一名大學(xué)生??疾楣谠~辨析。不定冠詞a/an修飾單數(shù)名詞表泛指:a用于以輔音音素開頭的單詞前,an 用于以元音音素開頭的單詞前;定冠詞the表特指。本句80-word (80字的)以元音音素/ei/ 開頭,需用an修飾;university以輔音音素/j/開頭,需用a修飾;根據(jù)句意語法,應(yīng)選B。Many children start to learn to play piano at an early age.A. aB. anC. theD. /【答案】C【解析】句意:許多孩子在很小的時(shí)候就開始學(xué)習(xí)彈鋼琴??疾楣谠~。a不定冠詞,表示類別,用于輔音之前;an不定冠詞,表示類別,用于元音之前; the定冠詞,表示特指;/零冠詞,不填。樂器前面應(yīng)加定冠詞the,應(yīng)選C。Lucy is an eleven-year-old girl and she goes to school on foot every day.A. anB. aC.不填【答案】C【解析】句意:露西是一個(gè)11歲的女孩,她每天步行上學(xué)??疾楣谠~。a
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