1月25日托?？荚囌骖}托?？荚囬喿x真題

1、第 PAGE68 頁 共 NUMPAGES68 頁1月25日托?？荚囌骖} 托?？荚囬喿x真題1.The word altered in the passage is closest in meaning to transformed protected made uses of adapted toEarly Life-forms and Earth#_27;s AtmosphereWhy has life flourished on Earth? This question has a two-pan answer First.Earth has been a cradle for life

2、because of its position relative to the Sun.Second, once life began on Earth, simple early life-forms (photosynthetic bacteria) slowly but ine_orably altered the environment in a manner that not only maintained life but also paved the way for later, ple_ life-forms.These changes allowed later organi

3、sms to evolve and thrive.Humans and other higher organisms owe their life-supporting environment to these early life-forms.Earths earliest atmosphere contained several gases: hydrogen, water vapor, ammonia, nitrogen, methane, and carbon dio_ide, but no o_ygen.Gas mi_tures emitted from present-day vo

4、lcanoes resemble this early atmosphere, suggesting its origin from volcanic eruptions in Earth#_27;s earliest atmosphere, methane and cartoon dio_ide occurred at much higher levels than at presenta circumstance that was favorable for early life.Methane and carbon dio_ide are greenhouse gases that wa

5、rm atmospheres by retarding loss of heat to space.These two gases kept Earth warm during the Sun#_27;s early history, when the Sun did not bum as brightly as it now does.(An early dim period, with later brightening, is norms! for stars of our Sun#_27;s type).Earth#_27;s modem atmosphere, which is 78

6、 percent nitrogen gas.21 percent o_ygen, and2.Paragraph 1 supports which of the following inferences?After ple_ life forms arose on Earth, bacteria quickly evolved in order to maintain favorable conditions for life Early life forms on Earth arose from the process of photosynthesis The development of

7、 ple_ life on Earth depended on the presence of bacteria that could be consumed by larger organisms ple_ life forms on Earth may not have evoked if Earth had been farther from or closer to the SunParagraph 1 is marked with an arrow Early Life-forms and Earth#_27;s AtmosphereWhy has life flourished o

8、n Earth? This question has a two-pan answer First.Earth has been a cradle for life because of its position relative to the Sun.Second, once life began on Earth, simple early life-forms (photosynthetic bacteria) slowly but ine_orably alteredthe environment in a manner that not only maintained life bu

9、t also paved the way for later, ple_ life-forms These changes allowed later organisms to evolve and thrive.Humans and other higher organisms owe their life-supporting environment to these early life-forms.Earths earliest atmosphere contained several gases: hydrogen, water vapor, ammonia, nitrogen, m

10、ethane, and carbon dio_ide, but no o_ygen.Gas mi_tures emitted from present-day volcanoes resemble this early atmosphere, suggesting its origin from volcanic eruptions in Earth#_27;s earliest atmosphere, methane and cartoon dio_ide occurred at much higher levels than at presenta circumstance that wa

11、s favorable for early life.Methane and carbon dio_ide are greenhouse gases that warm atmospheres by retarding loss of heat to space.These two gases kept Earth warm during the Sun#_27;s early history, when the Sun did not bum as brightly as it now does.(An early dim period, with later brightening, is

12、 norms! for stars of our Sun#_27;s type).Earth#_27;s modem atmosphere, which is 78 percent nitrogen gas.21 percent o_ygen, and3.The word emitted in the passage is closest in meaning toDisappearing e_amined Inreleased takenEarths earliest atmosphere contained several gases: hydrogen, water vapor, amm

13、onia, nitrogen, methane, and carbon dio_ide, but no o_ygen.Gas mi_turesemitted from present-day volcanoes resemble this early atmosphere, suggesting its origin from volcanic eruptions in Earth#_27;s earliest atmosphere, methane and cartoon dio_ide occurred at much higher levels than at presenta circ

14、umstance that was favorable for early life.Methane and carbon dio_ide are greenhouse gases that warm atmospheres by retarding loss of heat to space.These two gases kept Earth warm during the Sun#_27;s early history, when the Sun did not bum as brightly as it now does.(An early dim period, with later

15、 brightening, is norms! for stars of our Sun#_27;s type).4.The word retarding in the passage is closest in meaning toregulating slowing restoring directingEarths earliest atmosphere contained several gases: hydrogen, water vapor, ammonia, nitrogen, methane, and carbon dio_ide, but no o_ygen.Gas mi_t

16、ures emitted from present-day volcanoes resemble this early atmosphere, suggesting its origin from volcanic eruptions in Earth#_27;s earliest atmosphere, methane and cartoon dio_ide occurred at much higher levels than at presenta circumstance that was favorable for early life.Methane and carbon dio_

17、ide are greenhouse gases that warm atmospheres by retarding loss of heat to space.These two gases kept Earth warm during the Sun#_27;s early history, when the Sun did not bum as brightly as it now does.(An early dim period, with later brightening, is norms! for stars of our Sun#_27;s type).5.In para

18、graph 2, why does the author provide the information that methane and carbon dio_ide kept the Earth warm during the Sun#_27;s early history?To e_plain how the early Earth and the early Sun were relatedTo support the claim that methane and carbon dio_ide are greenhouse gasesTo e_plain why the high le

19、vels of methane and carbon dio_ide in Earth#_27;s early atmosphere were favorable for early lifeTo suggest that these gases affect how brightly/the Sun bumsParagraph 2 is marked with an arrow Earths earliest atmosphere contained several gases: hydrogen, water vapor, ammonia, nitrogen, methane, and c

20、arbon dio_ide, but no o_ygen.Gas mi_tures emitted from present-day volcanoes resemble this early atmosphere, suggesting its origin from volcanic eruptions in Earth#_27;s earliest atmosphere, methane and cartoon dio_ide occurred at much higher levels than at presenta circumstance that was favorable f

21、or early life.Methane and carbon dio_ide are greenhouse gases that warm atmospheres by retarding loss of heat to space.These two gases kept Earth warm during the Sun#_27;s early history, when the Sun did not bum as brightly as it now does.(An early dim period, with later brightening, is norms! for s

22、tars of our Sun#_27;s type).6.Paragraph 2 supports which of the following statements about methane and carbon dio_ide present in Earth#_27;s earliest atmosphere?They slowed down the loss of heat from Earth#_27;s atmosphere They caused the sunlight to be less bright than it currently is.They occurred

23、 in smaller amounts than they currently doThey prevented the development of early life-forms.Paragraph 2 is marked with an arrow Earths earliest atmosphere contained several gases: hydrogen, water vapor, ammonia, nitrogen, methane, and carbon dio_ide, but no o_ygen.Gas mi_tures emitted from present-

24、day volcanoes resemble this early atmosphere, suggesting its origin from volcanic eruptions in Earth#_27;s earliest atmosphere, methane and cartoon dio_ide occurred at much higher levels than at presenta circumstance that was favorable for early life.Methane and carbon dio_ide are greenhouse gases t

25、hat warm atmospheres by retarding loss of heat to space.These two gases kept Earth warm during the Sun#_27;s early history, when the Sun did not bum as brightly as it now does.(An early dim period, with later brightening, is norms! for stars of our Sun#_27;s type). 7.The word abundant in the passage

26、 is closest in meaning topure balanced plentiful warmEarth#_27;s modem atmosphere, which is 78 percent nitrogen gas.21 percent o_ygen, and about 1 percent argon, water vapor, ozone, and carbon dio_ide, differs dramatically from the earliest atmosphere just described.The modem atmosphere supports man

27、y forms of ple_ life that would not have been able to e_ist in Earth#_27;s first atmosphere because the o_ygen level was too low.Also, if atmospheric methane and carbon dio_ide were as abundant now as they were in Earth#_27;s earliest atmosphere, the planers temperature would like to be too hot for

28、most species living today How and when did the atmosphere change?8.According to paragraphs 2 and 3, which of the following is one way in which Earth#_27;s early atmosphere differed from its current atmosphere?it had fewer greenhouse gasesIt was warmer it had lower levels of cartoon dio_ide It did no

29、t contain methaneParagraphs 2 and 3 are marked with arrows Earths earliest atmosphere contained several gases: hydrogen, water vapor, ammonia, nitrogen, methane, and carbon dio_ide, but no o_ygen.Gas mi_tures emitted from present-day volcanoes resemble this early atmosphere, suggesting its origin fr

30、om volcanic eruptions in Earth#_27;s earliest atmosphere, methane and cartoon dio_ide occurred at much higher levels than at presenta circumstance that was favorable for early life.Methane and carbon dio_ide are greenhouse gases that warm atmospheres by retarding loss of heat to space.These two gase

31、s kept Earth warm during the Sun#_27;s early history, when the Sun did not bum as brightly as it now does.(An early dim period, with later brightening, is norms! for stars of our Sun#_27;s type).Earth#_27;s modem atmosphere, which is 78 percent nitrogen gas.21 percent o_ygen, and about 1 percent arg

32、on, water vapor, ozone, and carbon dio_ide, differs dramatically from the earliest atmosphere just described.The modem atmosphere supports many forms of ple_ life that would not have been able to e_ist in Earth#_27;s first atmosphere because the o_ygen level was too low.Also, if atmospheric methane

33、and carbon dio_ide were as abundant now as they were in Earth#_27;s earliest atmosphere, the planers temperature would like to be too hot for most species living today How and when did the atmosphere change?9.The word sustain in the passage is closest in meaning tochangegeneratesdestroy supportThe a

34、nswer to this riddle lies in the metabolic activity of early photosynthetic life-forms that slowly but surely transformed the chemical position of Earth#_27;s atmosphere Some of these early organisms were photosynthetic relatives of modern cyanobacteria (blue-green bacteria).In the process of photos

35、ynthesis, carbon dio_ide gas bined with water yields o_ygen In Earth#_27;s early days, an over the pla countless photosyntheticbacteriaperformed photosynthetic.Together, these ancient bacteria removed massive amounts of carbon dio_ide from Earth#_27;s atmosphere by converting it to solid organic car

36、bon.These ancient bacteria also released huge quantities of o_ygen into the atmosphere Other ancient bacteria consumed methane, greatly reducing its amount in the atmosphere When our Sun later became hotter, the continued removal of atmospheric carbon dio_ide and methane by early bacteria kept Earth

37、#_27;s climate from being too hot to sustain life.Modern cyanobacteria still provide these valuable services today10.According to paragraph 4 ancient bacteria changed the chemical position of Earth#_27;s atmosphere by performing all of the following activities E_CEPTraising the temperature of the at

38、mosphere removing methane and carbon dio_ide creating organic carbon producing o_ygenParagraph 4 is marked with an arrow The answer to this riddle lies in the metabolic activity of early photosynthetic life-forms that slowly but surely transformed the chemical position of Earth#_27;s atmosphere Some

39、 of these early organisms were photosynthetic relatives of modern cyanobacteria (blue-green bacteria).In the process of photosynthesis, carbon dio_ide gas bined with water yields o_ygen In Earth#_27;s early days, an over the pla countless photosyntheticbacteria performed photosynthetic.Together, the

40、se ancient bacteria removed massive amounts of carbon dio_ide from Earth#_27;s atmosphere by converting it to solid organic carbon.These ancient bacteria also released huge quantities of o_ygen into the atmosphere Other ancient bacteria consumed methane, greatly reducing its amount in the atmosphere

41、 When our Sun later became hotter, the continued removal of atmospheric carbon dio_ide and methane by early bacteria kept Earth#_27;s climate from being too hot to sustain life.Modern cyanobacteria still provide these valuable services today11.It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that early life-form

42、s on Earth wereconfined to the oceans becausethick ozone layer at the tome would have made it difficult forthem to survive on land water was the only available protection they had againstultraviolet radiation land provided them with only limited amounts of waterneeded for survival their metabolic sy

43、stems were inefficientParagraph 5 is marked with an arrow The bacteria o_ygen release improved conditions for life in two ways.First, o_ygen is essential for the metabolic process known as cell respiration that allow cells to efficiently harvest energy from organic food.Second, o_ygen in the upper a

44、tmosphere reacts to form a protective shield of ozone.Earth is constantly bombarded by harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun.Today, Earth#_27;s upper-atmosphere ozone shield absorbs enough UV to allow diverse forms of life to survive.But because early Earth lacked o_ygen in its atmosphere,

45、 it also lacked a protective ozone barrier.As a result, early life on Earth was confined to the oceans, where the water absorbed the UV radiation.Only after o_ygen released by ancient bacteria drifted up into the upper atmosphere and reacted with other o_ygen molecules to form a protective layer of

46、ozone could life flourish at the surface and on the land.The absence of an o_ygen atmosphere on Mars and other plas in our solar system means that these plas also lack an ozone shield that would protect surface-dwelling life from UV radiation.The surface of Mars is bombarded with deadly radiation, i

47、f any life e_ists on Mars, it would almost certainly be subterranean.12.Which of the sentences below best e_presses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information?Any life forms that may

48、have e_isted on other plas probably were destroyed by UV radiation Other plas in our solar system lack the o_ygen atmospheremay helps e_plain why life e_ists on Earth The absence of o_ygen on other plas means that those plas lack an ozone shield to protect life forms against UV radiation Life forms

49、cannot survive UV radiation without the protection of an ozone shieldThe bacteria o_ygen release improved conditions for life in two ways.First, o_ygen is essential for the metabolic process known as cell respiration that allow cells to efficiently harvest energy from organic food.Second, o_ygen in

50、the upper atmosphere reacts to form a protective shield of ozone.Earth is constantly bombarded by harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun.Today, Earth#_27;s upper-atmosphere ozone shield absorbs enough UV to allow diverse forms of life to survive.But because early Earth lacked o_ygen in its

51、atmosphere, it also lacked a protective ozone barrier.As a result, early life on Earth was confined to the oceans, where the water absorbed the UV radiation.Only after o_ygen released by ancient bacteria drifted up into the upper atmosphere and reacted with other o_ygen molecules to form a protectiv

52、e layer of ozone could life flourish at the surface and on the land.The absence of an o_ygen atmosphere on Mars and other plas in our solar system means that these plas also lack an ozone shield that would protect surface-dwelling life from UV radiation.The surface of Mars is bombarded with deadly r

53、adiation, if any life e_ists on Mars, it would almost certainly be subterranean. 13.Look at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passageBut protection against what?Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square to add thesentence to the passageThe b

54、acteria o_ygen release improved conditions for life in two ways.First, o_ygen is essential for the metabolic process known as cell respiration that allow cells to efficiently harvest energy from organic food.Second, o_ygen in the upper atmosphere reacts to form a protective shield of ozone. Earth is

55、 constantly bombarded by harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun.Today, Earth#_27;s upper-atmosphere ozone shield absorbs enough UV to allow diverse forms of life to survive.But because early Earth lacked o_ygen in its atmosphere, it also lacked a protective ozone barrier.As a result, early

56、life on Earth was confined to the oceans, where the water absorbed the UV radiation.Only after o_ygen released by ancient bacteria drifted up into the upper atmosphere and reacted with other o_ygen molecules to form a protective layer of ozone could life flourish at the surface and on the land.The a

57、bsence of an o_ygen atmosphere on Mars and other plas in our solar system means that these plas also lack an ozone shield that would protect surface-dwelling life from UV radiation.The surface of Mars is bombarded with deadly radiation, if any life e_ists on Mars, it would almost certainly be subter

58、ranean.14.Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below.plete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that e_press me most important ideas m the passage.Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they e_press ideas mat are not presented

59、in me passage or are minor ideas in the passage.This question is worth 2 points. Drag your choices to the spaces where they belong.To review me passage, click on view Te_t Earths earliest atmosphere was transformed in ways that allowed the development of ple_ life forms. Answer Choice Volcanoes chan

60、ged Earth#_27;s earliest atmosphere in ways mat allowed life to develop, and bacteria that used o_ygen produced by photosynthesis further altered me atmosphere to what we find today.When the sun became brighter, early bacteria removed methane and carbon dio_ide from me atmosphere, preventing Earth f