被動語態(tài)高考復(fù)習(xí)

1、一.高考趨勢高考對動詞語態(tài)的考查往往與對時態(tài)的考查同時進行，通常包括以下幾個方面的內(nèi)容：.常用時態(tài)中的語態(tài)；.非謂語動詞中的語態(tài)；.主動表被動的情況。二.知識講解語態(tài)也是動詞的一種形式，英語有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表小主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，而被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。一般是在不知道或沒有必要知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰時，我們是被動語態(tài)Weuseelectricitytorunmachines.（主動語態(tài)）Electricityisusedtorunmachines.（被動語態(tài)）【不能用于被動語態(tài)的動詞和短語】.在英語中，不及物動詞不能用于被動語態(tài)，但有些不及物動詞（包括短語）容易

2、引起誤用。如：appear,belong,belong,die,escape,fall,happen,last,remain,succeed,occur,cometrue,takeplace,consistof。.某些表示狀態(tài)或特征的及物動詞，如：become,contain,cost,fit,have,resemble,suit也沒有被動語態(tài)?！颈粍诱Z態(tài)的時態(tài)形式】表1時間一般時時現(xiàn)在 am askeden askedis askedare asked過去 was be askedwere be asked將來 shall be asked常用的被動語態(tài)有表1所列的幾種時態(tài)形式進行完成時am

3、beingaskedhavebeisbeingaskedarebeingaskedwasbeingaskedhadbeenaskedwerebeingaskedshallhavebeenaskedwillbeaskedwillhavebeenasked過去should be askedshouldhavebeenasked將來would be askedwouldhavebeenasked【短語動詞的被動語態(tài)】短語動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為被動語態(tài)時，通常被看作是一個動詞，后面的介詞或副詞不能拆開或省略。例如:Sofarnocorrectconclusionhasarrivedat.Alltherubbish

4、shouldbegotridof.【get+-ed分詞”的被動語態(tài)】“get+-ed分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)強調(diào)動作的結(jié)果，而非動作本身，常用來表示突發(fā)性的，出乎意料的偶然事件。例如:Theboygothurtonhiswayhomefromwork.另外，“get+-ed分詞”還可用于談?wù)摓樽约鹤龅氖拢侵鲃拥男袨槎皇潜粍拥男袨?。例?get dressed （穿衣 K）get divorced （離婚）get engaged （訂婚）get confused（迷惑不解）get lost （迷路）getwashed（洗臉）getmarried（結(jié)婚）【能帶兩個賓語和復(fù)合賓語的動詞改為被動語態(tài)】.能帶兩個

5、賓語的動詞改為被動語態(tài)時，一次只能由一個賓語作主語，另一個賓語被保留卜來例如:We showed the visitors our new products.（主動語態(tài)）The visitors were shown our new products.（被動語態(tài)）Our new products were shown to the visitors.（被動語態(tài)）.能帶復(fù)合賓語的動詞改為被動語態(tài)時，原來的賓語補足語變?yōu)橹髡Z補足語。例如:（主動語態(tài)）TheteacherappointedhimLeaguesecretary.HewasappointedLeaguesecretary.（被動語態(tài)）【

6、被動語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別】（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）Thenovelwaswellwritten.ThenovelwaswrittenbyDickens.(被動語態(tài))【英語中常用主動表被動的情況】.一些既是及物又是不及物的動詞。如read,write,sell,open,shut,begin,wash,wear,etc.此類動詞常接副詞作狀語。例如：Thedoorwontshut.門關(guān)不上。Theshoeswearwell.這鞋子經(jīng)穿。.系動詞look,feel,taste,sound,smell,prove,seem,appear,etc.止匕類動詞常接形容詞作表語。例如：Theclothfeelssof

7、t.這布料摸起來柔軟。Thedishtastesgood.這菜味道不錯。.作定語的不定式。例如：Ihavealotofworktodothisweek.Haveyougotanythingtosayatthemeeting.在形容詞easy,difficult,hard等之后作狀語的不定式。例如：Thisquestionisdifficulttoanswer.Wefindthemanhardtogetalongwith.need,want,require作需要時，他們后面常接主動的-ing分詞或被動的不定式。在這種情況下，句子的主語必須在邏輯上是-ing分詞的賓語。例如：Yourhairnee

8、dscutting/tobecut.Theroomwantscleaning/tobecleanedeveryday.比較：Ineedtohavemyhaircut.Hewantstogohomethisafternoon.用于beworthdoing結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Thefilmiswellworthseeingtwice.Thebookisworthreading.比較worthy用法：Thebookisworthytoberead.Thebookisworthyofbeingread.【主動結(jié)構(gòu)中使役動詞】如：let,makeor感官動詞等后不加to地動詞不定式變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，動詞前面要加t

9、oTheteachermadeTomdoallthehomework.Tomwasmadetodoallthehomeworkbytheteacher.【被動語態(tài)的翻譯】一般用“由，被，受”來翻譯表達，有些固定句型地翻譯：itissaid,itisreported,itisbelieved,itisthought,itisdiscovered,itisfoundthat三.典型例題.（北京2000,單項填空）Thepictureonthewallispaintedbymynephew.A.havinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghung正確答案：B此題考查內(nèi)容較多，涉

10、及時態(tài)、語態(tài)，謂語動詞和非謂語動詞等。題干中已有謂語ispainted,不能選C;D選項表示“正在被掛，不合題意；作后置定語時，hanging=hung,所以選Bo2.（北京2000,單項填空）Allthepreparationsforthetask,andwerereadytostart.A.completedB.completeC.hadbeencompletedD.havebeencompleted正確答案：D此題既考時態(tài)，又考語態(tài)，根據(jù)語境該用現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)，所以選Do3.（MET89單項填空）-Whatdoyouthinkofthebook-Oh,excellent.Itswor

11、thasecondtime.A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread正確答案：C此題考查beworthdoing的用法，所以選C=四.知識過關(guān)Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallygetbythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topayNobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedtoA.beputupB.giveinC.beturnedonD.goout-thesportsmeetmightbeputoff.-Yes,italldepe

12、ndsontheweather.Ive been toldIve toldIm toldI toldIneedonemorestampbeforemycollection.A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted-Doyoulikethematerial-Yes,itverysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfeltInsomepartsoftheworld,teawithmilkandsugar.D.A.isservingB.isservedC.servesshout to be heard even atare not kept; have toD. do not keep; have toare paintedD. areservedcitynoisesfromincreasing,peoplethedinnertable20yearsfromn