代詞和介詞-公開課一等獎?wù)n件

1、二、代詞和介詞(一) 代詞考點(diǎn)1代詞的基本用法一、人稱代詞、物主代詞及反身代詞代詞數(shù)人稱代詞物主代詞反身代詞人稱主格賓格形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞單數(shù)第一人稱我Imemyminemyself第二人稱你youyouyouryoursyourself代詞數(shù)人稱代詞物主代詞反身代詞人稱主格賓格形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞單數(shù)第三人稱他hehimhishishimself她sheherherhersherself它itititsitsitself代詞數(shù)人稱代詞物主代詞反身代詞人稱主格賓格形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱我們weusouroursourselves第二人稱你們youyou

2、youryoursyourselves第三人稱他們theythemtheirtheirsthemselves1. 人稱代詞的排列順序兩個(gè)以上的人稱代詞并列, 其次序排列原則: 在并列主語中, “I”一般放在最后, 排列順序?yàn)? 二 三 一(人稱)。賓格me也一樣。2. 含有反身代詞的習(xí)慣用語devote oneself to致力于 dress oneself自己穿衣enjoy oneself過得愉快 boast oneself自夸help oneself to隨便吃, 隨便用hide oneself把自己藏起來make oneself at home不拘束 say to oneself心里想s

3、eat oneself坐下 teach oneself自學(xué)【題組訓(xùn)練】1. They are afraid I might fall off my bike and hurt _(me). 2. (2018臨沂模擬)Green tea is known for _(it) high level of cancer-fighting chemical. 3. Mr Perkins stood at the bus stop and watched the cars go by. Many of the cars were new Beta 400s, and most of _(they) we

4、re yellow. myselfitsthem二、 it的用法1. 指天氣、時(shí)間、距離、環(huán)境等。*Its early spring, but it is already very hot. *It is twenty miles from here to the village.2. 代替前面提到過的事物、群體、想法或代替指示代詞this, that。*Although he didnt like the movie, he decided to see it anyway. 3. 當(dāng)說話者不清楚或沒必要知道說話對象的性別時(shí), 可用it來表示。*What will you call it i

5、f it is a boy? 4. 用作形式主語或形式賓語, 代替不定式、動名詞或從句。(1)it作形式主語的常用句型: It+be+adj. (+for sb. )to do sth. 常用于此句型的形容詞有: easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible等。It+be+ adj. (+of sb. ) to do sth. 此句型中的形容詞描述的是人的品德、特征。能用于該句型的形容詞有: kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等

6、。It is no good/no use/useless doing sth. Its (well) worth doing. . . It+be+名詞詞組(a pity/a fact/no wonder/. . . )/adj. +that從句It+特殊動詞(seems/appears/turns out/occurs to sb. /. . . )+that從句It+be+過去分詞+that從句It+takes(+sb. ) some time/some money to do sth. (2)it作形式賓語的常用句型: 主語+think/believe/suppose/consider

7、/feel/make/keep. . . +it+adj. /n. (for/of sb. ) to do/從句主語+think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep. . . +it+useless/worth/worthwhile/no use/no good/a waste oftime (money/energy. . . )+doing. . . 主語+think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep. . . +it+important/necessary/natural/essential+tha

8、t. . . (should). . . *He didnt make it clear when and where the meeting would be held. 他沒說清楚何時(shí)何地舉行會議?！军c(diǎn)津】某些及物動詞或短語后不能直接跟從句。此時(shí)須先用it作形式賓語, 然后接從句, 有此用法的動詞(短語)有: like, dislike, hate, appreciate, depend on, rely on, count on, see to等。*I hate it when people talk with their mouths full. 5. it的固定搭配When it c

9、omes to. . . 當(dāng)涉及 make it 成功; 確定時(shí)間為 (后接時(shí)間類名詞)as it is事實(shí)上; 照原樣get it 明白了 【題組訓(xùn)練】1. In many countries, _is not unusual for families of different backgrounds to live together in the shared space. 2. (2018泉州模擬)Another reason why homework is important is that _can help you practice the days lessons. itit3.

10、 (2018衡水模擬)_would take him an hour to do so, but he insisted because it made him get a sense of success. It三、不定代詞1. both, all, either, any, neither, none的區(qū)別*Ive bought two books; you can have either. *Im sorry I cant lend you any (money). 都任何都不兩個(gè)人或物botheitherneither三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物; 不可數(shù)名詞allanynone2. one

11、, another, the other, some, others, the others的區(qū)別*I dont like this hat. Please show me another one. *I have two books. One is English; the other is French. *The other students in my class are from this city. 一個(gè)/一些另外一個(gè)/一些剩余的一個(gè)/一些單數(shù)oneanotherthe other復(fù)數(shù)someothersthe others3. someone/somebody/something

12、, anyone/anybody/anything, everyone/everybody/everything, no one/nobody/nothing的區(qū)別某任何每個(gè), 所有沒有人someone/somebodyanyone/anybodyeveryone/everybodyno one/nobody物somethinganythingeverythingnothing*Nothing in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum. 指代用來回答相當(dāng)于none人或物how many/mu

13、chnot a/an/any+名詞或no+名詞nobody/no one人whonot anyone/not anybodynothing物whatnot anything4. none, nobody/no one, nothing的區(qū)別*How much money do you have? None. *I wished someone could help me, but there was no one at the moment. 5. any, every的區(qū)別*I have many books here, and you can take any one. *Every st

14、udent has to take the examination. anyevery(三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上中的)任何一個(gè)(三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上中的)每一個(gè)6. every, each的區(qū)別 詞性功能意義every限定詞定語三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上中的每一個(gè), 強(qiáng)調(diào)“整體”each代詞, 限定詞主語、賓語、同位語、定語兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或物中的每一個(gè), 強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體*Almost every student in our class passed the English exam yesterday. *There are lots of trees on each side of the road. 7. many,

15、 much, few, little, a few, a little的區(qū)別(1)many修飾或替代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù); much修飾或替代不可數(shù)名詞。兩者都表示“許多”。(2)few修飾或替代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù); little修飾或替代不可數(shù)名詞。用于否定句, 表示“幾乎沒有”。(3)a few修飾或替代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù); a little修飾或替代不可數(shù)名詞。用于肯定句, 表示“一些”。*He can speak a little French, but he knows little English. 8. 代詞的部分否定和全部否定(1)all, both, everyone, everybody, e

16、verything以及“every+名詞”與not連用時(shí), 表部分否定。(2)no one, nobody, none, neither, not. . . any/either以及“no+名詞”表全部否定。(3)not與總括性副詞, 如everywhere, always, wholly, altogether等連用時(shí), 也表示部分否定。*Every student does not realize the importance of the chance. 9. 不定代詞用于固定搭配中nothing but僅僅, 只是 anything but決不 something of有幾分, 略微o

17、r something諸如此類的人 或物all but幾乎, 差不多 every other day每隔一天each other(兩者)互相 one another(三者或三者以上) 互相【題組訓(xùn)練】1. As is announced in todays newspaper, we have launched _man-made satellite. 世紀(jì)金榜導(dǎo)學(xué)號790602072. I got this bicycle for _: my friend gave it to me when she bought a new one. anothernothing3. (2018西寧模擬)

18、Nobody likes to talk about death, but the reality iseveryoneis going to die at one point, but _of us know the day, or the hour. none(二) 介詞考點(diǎn)2 介詞一、常見介詞的用法(一)表示地點(diǎn)的介詞 1. 表示地理位置的in, on, to。in表示在某范圍內(nèi), on指“與毗鄰”, to指在某環(huán)境范圍之外。*Changchun is in the northeast of China. (長春是中國的組成部分)*Mongolia is on the north of

19、China. (蒙古與中國接壤)*Japan is to the east of China. (中國和日本是隔海相望的)2. 表示“在上”的on和in。on只表示在某物的表面上, 而in表示占去某物一部分。*There is a book on the piece of paper. *There is an interesting article in the newspaper. 3. 表示“穿過”的through和across。through表示從內(nèi)部通過, 與in有關(guān); across則表示從一端至另一端在表面上通過, 與on有關(guān)。*Water flows through the pi

20、pe. *The old man walked across the street. 4. above, below, over, under, on, beneath的區(qū)別。above 在某物的斜上方below 在某物的斜下方over 在某物的正上方under 在某物的正下方on 在某物的上面(兩者接觸)beneath 在某物的下面(兩者接觸)(二)表示時(shí)間的介詞1. 表示時(shí)間的at, in, on(1)at表示片刻的時(shí)間。例如: at noon, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the ag

21、e of, at Christmas等。(2)in表示一段的時(shí)間。例如: in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future等。(3)on是指在特定的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上。例如: on Monday, on Christmas morning, on the following day, on a warm morning等。2. 表示時(shí)間的since, for和from (1)since表示從過去到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間的過

22、程, 常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。*We have not seen each other since 1995. (2)“for+時(shí)間段”, 表示行為或狀態(tài)持續(xù)的時(shí)間。*I have been teaching in the school for ten years. (3)from表示從時(shí)間的某一點(diǎn)開始, 不涉及與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。*I hope to do morning exercises from today. 3. 表示時(shí)間的after和in(1)after表示在某一具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)之后, after短語和過去時(shí)態(tài)或?qū)頃r(shí)態(tài)連用。after有時(shí)也可以表示在一段時(shí)間之后(常用在過去時(shí)里)。*After

23、seven the rain began to fall. (2)in+時(shí)間段和將來時(shí)態(tài)連用。*Well be back in three days. 4. 表示時(shí)間的over和during(1)“over+名詞”表示“一邊一邊; 在過程中”。*Lets have a talk about it over a coffee. (2)“during+名詞”表示“在期間”, 通常用于一般過去時(shí)。*He picked up Japanese during his stay in Japan. (三)表示“除了”的介詞 1. besides指“除了還有, 再加上”, 也可用in addition to

24、*Besides stamps, he also collects ancient coins. 2. except指“除了, 減去”, 不能放在句首*All went out except me. 3. but與except意思近似, 表示“除了外”, 經(jīng)常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等詞或其他疑問詞后面*I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper. 4. except for表示“如無就, 只是”, 表明具體原因*His diary is good except for a few

25、spelling mistakes. (四)表示“方式和方法”的介詞1. as, like兩者都可表示“如, 像”as表示“如, 像”時(shí), 用作連詞; 表示“作為”時(shí), 用作介詞。like表示“如, 像”時(shí), 通常用作介詞, 但是在口語中也可用作連詞。like含有“好像是”之意, 意指“實(shí)際上不是”。*I long to fly like a bird in the sky. *They were all dressed as clowns. 2. 介詞by, in, with(1)by表示使用某種交通工具, 且名詞前面不加冠詞。*You can reach the island by roa

26、d or by sea. (2)in通常指使用某種語言、某種字體等。*You must write the title of the passage in capitals. (3)with指使用有形的工具、物體或身體的某些部分。*The monkey can reach the bananas on the tree with some tools. (五)表示原因的介詞 1. because of/on account of意思是“因?yàn)? 由于”, 引起的介詞短語通常作狀語, 可以放于句首或句中。*He didnt attend the meeting because of the hea

27、vy rain. 2. due to意思是“因?yàn)? 由于”, 通常只作表語, 作狀語時(shí)不用于句首。*His illness was due to smoking and drinking. 3. thanks to意思是“因?yàn)? 由于, 多虧了”, 多用于句首。*Thanks to his timely help, we finished the task on time. 4. for意思是“因?yàn)椤? 常表示為了某一目的、事業(yè)的原因, 而but for表示“如果不是因?yàn)椤薄?He gave up smoking for his bad health. 5. at和with (1)at和一些形

28、容詞連用表示引起某種情緒的原因。be angry at(對氣憤), be surprised at(對感到驚奇)。(2)with和一些名詞搭配也可表示原因, 指由于外界而影響到內(nèi)部, 意為“因?yàn)? 由于”。jump with joy (高興地跳起來), shake with anger (氣得發(fā)抖)?！绢}組訓(xùn)練】1. One side of the road travels _one direction; the other side moves the opposite way. 世紀(jì)金榜導(dǎo)學(xué)號790602082. (2018包頭模擬) Chinese proverbs are rich a

29、nd they are still widely used in Chinesepeoples daily life. _these proverbs there are often interesting stories. inBehind3. (2018濟(jì)南模擬) She patted him _the head and said, “My little boy, do you feel comfortable now than before? ”on二、介詞固定搭配1. at+名詞at peace處于和平狀態(tài) at sea茫然, 在大海上at work在工作at will任意地2. be

30、yond+名詞beyond compare無與倫比beyond description 難以形容beyond doubt無疑 beyond ones reach夠不著beyond recognition面目全非3. by+名詞by accident偶然地by chance碰巧by mistake錯誤地by hand用手工by nature天生地by coincidence碰巧4. in+名詞in all總計(jì) in advance事先, 提前in common共有, 相同 in detail詳細(xì)地in general通常, 大體上 in need在危難中in turn輪流5. in+名詞+ofi

31、n terms of就而言in need of需要in favor of支持, 贊成in search of尋找in place of代替in case of假使in honor of 為紀(jì)念in spite of盡管6. on+名詞on purpose故意地on leave在休假on time準(zhǔn)時(shí)on exhibition/show 在展出on fire著火on sale出售7. out of+名詞out of sight看不見out of reach夠不著out of order發(fā)生故障out of breath 上氣不接下氣8. 其他?？级陶Zas a result of因?yàn)? 由于 fa

32、r from遠(yuǎn)非for fear of唯恐 instead of代替, 而不是regardless of不管, 不顧 along with 與一起next to緊挨著【題組訓(xùn)練】1. The teacher paused _purpose to remind the students to stop talking. 世紀(jì)金榜導(dǎo)學(xué)號790602092. (2018廣州模擬) Many times we dont realize how routine our lives have become and how much we take them _granted until we find o

33、urselves in a new situation. onfor3. (2018衡水模擬)The effect that music can have _our emotions is tremendous, as it can bring people to floods of tears or bursts of laughter. on. 語法填空解題技法 【考題在線】1. (2017浙江高考)“She thought I had hurt _(I), ”says Pahlsson. 世紀(jì)金榜導(dǎo)學(xué)號79060210myself2. (2017全國卷)However, the rail

34、way quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25, 000 people were using _every day. 3. (2016全國卷)On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _(it) mother. itits4. (2015廣東高考)Now it occurred to _that his farm had much potential and that

35、 the death of the cow was a bit of luck. 5. (2017全國卷)This trend, which was started by the medical community(醫(yī)學(xué)界)_a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight. himas6. (2017全國卷)Aft

36、er school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree _engineering or architecture. 7. (2016全國卷)Most of us are more focused _our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. 8. (2016全國卷)Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for exa

37、mple, most people traditionally eat _their hands. inonwith 【技法點(diǎn)撥】1. 人稱、物主、反身代詞: “成分”是關(guān)鍵(1)如果句中缺少主語, 則用人稱代詞的主格; (2)如果句中缺少賓語或表語, 則用人稱代詞的賓格; (3)如果句中缺少定語, 則用形容詞性物主代詞; (4)如果賓語或表語又反射到句子主語, 則用反身代詞。2. it: “指代”要辨明(1)如果指代上文提到的同一個(gè)事物, 則用it; (2)如果指代天氣、時(shí)間、距離, 則用it; (3)如果作形式主語或形式賓語, 則用it。3. “是否賓語”作依據(jù)介詞必須要接賓語, 賓語通常

38、由名詞、代詞、動名詞或者what從句充當(dāng)。若空格后是名詞、代詞或動名詞且它們在句中不作主語和動詞的賓語, 則要考慮介詞。 4. “四種方法”確定介詞(1)根據(jù)介詞短語與謂語的邏輯關(guān)系; (2)根據(jù)語境含義結(jié)合介詞用法; (3)根據(jù)特殊的結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系, 如接復(fù)合賓語就只能用with或without; (4)根據(jù)介詞與動詞等的搭配。. 短文改錯解題技法 【考題在線】1. (2017全國卷)Mr and Mrs Zhang all work in our school. ( )2. (2017全國卷)This picture often brings back to me many happy memo

39、ries of your high school days. ( )allboth或者去掉allyourmy3. (2016全國卷)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books. 世紀(jì)金榜導(dǎo)學(xué)號79060211 ( )4. (2017全國卷)They have also bought for some gardening tools. ( )yourour去掉for 【技法點(diǎn)撥】1. 避免張冠李戴, 注意前后人稱、性別、單復(fù)數(shù)的一致; 2. 分析句子

40、成分, 正確使用人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞; 3. 系統(tǒng)掌握it的用法, 準(zhǔn)確把握不定代詞的用法; 4. 檢查介詞用法是否誤用; 5. 檢查介詞搭配是否正確; 6. 檢查名詞前是否有介詞。 小魔方站作品 盜版必究語文更多精彩內(nèi)容，微信掃描二維碼獲取掃描二維碼獲取更多資源謝謝您下載使用！附贈 中高考狀元學(xué)習(xí)方法群星璀璨-近幾年全國高考狀元薈萃 前 言 高考狀元是一個(gè)特殊的群體，在許多人的眼中，他們就如浩瀚宇宙里璀璨奪目的星星那樣遙不可及。但實(shí)際上他們和我們每一個(gè)同學(xué)都一樣平凡而普通，但他們有是不平凡不普通的，他們的不平凡之處就是在學(xué)習(xí)方面有一些獨(dú)到的個(gè)性，又有著一些共性，而這些對在校的同學(xué)尤其

41、是將參加高考的同學(xué)都有一定的借鑒意義。青春風(fēng)采青春風(fēng)采北京市文科狀元 陽光女孩-何旋 高考總分：692分(含20分加分) 語文131分 數(shù)學(xué)145分英語141分 文綜255分畢業(yè)學(xué)校：北京二中報(bào)考高校：北京大學(xué)光華管理學(xué)院來自北京二中，高考成績672分，還有20分加分?！昂涡o人最深的印象就是她的笑聲，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)的就能聽見她的笑聲?！卑嘀魅螀蔷┟氛f，何旋是個(gè)陽光女孩?！八菍W(xué)校的攝影記者，非常外向，如果加上20分的加分，她的成績應(yīng)該是692?！眳抢蠋熣f，何旋考出好成績的秘訣是心態(tài)好?！八茏孕牛埠苡袗坌??？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，她還問我怎么給邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的學(xué)校捐書”。 班主任： 我覺得何旋今天取得這樣的成績，我覺得，很重要的是，何旋是土生土長的北京二中的學(xué)生，二中的教育理念是綜合培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的素質(zhì)和能力。我覺得何旋，她取得今天這么好的成績，一個(gè)來源于她的扎實(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)上的基礎(chǔ)，還有一個(gè)非常重要的，我覺得特別想提的，何旋是一個(gè)特別充滿自信，充滿陽光的這樣一個(gè)女孩子。在我印象當(dāng)中，何旋是一個(gè)最愛笑的，而且她的笑特別感染人的。所以我覺得她很陽光，而且充滿自信，這是她突出的這樣一個(gè)特點(diǎn)。所以我覺得，這是她今天取得好成績當(dāng)中，心理素質(zhì)非常好，是非常重要的