中考英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)_動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)講解

1、 WORD 12/12中考專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)：動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)講解動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi)一、中考要求： 中考近年主要考查連系動(dòng)詞be，feel，look，taste，smell等用法；與物動(dòng)詞和不與物動(dòng)詞的用法；助動(dòng)詞do/does/did和have/has的用法；情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。二、知識(shí)要點(diǎn)： 1. 連系動(dòng)詞連系動(dòng)詞也稱(chēng)為系動(dòng)詞，用于連接主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，表示主語(yǔ)身份、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)。連系動(dòng)詞有一定詞義，但不完整，不能單獨(dú)做謂語(yǔ)，必須和表語(yǔ)連用，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：You are a teacher, but not a good one. 你是一個(gè)老師，但不是好老師。We feel very happy when we know

2、 it. 當(dāng)我們知道這個(gè)的時(shí)候，我們都非常高興。英語(yǔ)經(jīng)常用到的連系動(dòng)詞有：(1) 狀態(tài)連系動(dòng)詞：表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、身份。常用的有be。My father is very strong. 我的爸爸非常強(qiáng)壯。(2) 持續(xù)連系動(dòng)詞：表示繼續(xù)或保持一種狀態(tài)或情況。常用的有：stay （保持），remain （保持），continue （繼續(xù)）等。(3) 表象連系動(dòng)詞：用來(lái)表示“看起來(lái)”的這一概念的詞。常見(jiàn)的有 appear（看起來(lái)），seem（看似），look（看起來(lái)）。Your mother looks much younger than I thought. 你媽媽比我想象得年輕多了。(4)

3、感官連系動(dòng)詞：常用的有feel（摸起來(lái))，taste（嘗起來(lái))，smell（聞起來(lái))，sound（聽(tīng)起來(lái)）look（看起來(lái))。The milk tastes a little sour. 這牛奶品嘗起來(lái)有點(diǎn)酸。(5) 轉(zhuǎn)變或結(jié)果連系動(dòng)詞：become（變?yōu)?，get（成為)，grow（長(zhǎng)得)，turn（變得)，go（變得)等。Our village is becoming more and more beautiful. 我們的村莊正在變得越來(lái)越漂亮。中考演練( )1 The stars _ very small because theyre very far away from us.A.

4、are B. look C. change D. become( ) 2 The room _ cool in summer andwarm in winter.A. feels B. is felt C. feels to be D. is felt to be( ) 3 You dont look so_ as usual. Why not go to see a doctor?A. wellB. betterC. badly D. worse( ) 4 His temperature seems _.A. right B. all right C. well D. true( )5 Th

5、e cake smells .A. well B. badly C. good D. terribly2.助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞本身沒(méi)有詞意，或者意義不完全，不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，只能和別的動(dòng)詞一起在句子中作謂語(yǔ)，幫助動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)等與否定、疑問(wèn)、強(qiáng)調(diào)等。主要的助動(dòng)詞有：be，do，have，shall，will等。例如：Will you have a sports meeting next week? 你們下一個(gè)星期舉行體育運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)嗎？Is your mother cooking？你媽媽在做飯嗎？Dont be late for class next time. 下次上課不要再遲到了。3. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情

6、態(tài)動(dòng)詞一般沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，在句子中不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，只能和其他動(dòng)詞連用作謂語(yǔ)，表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的語(yǔ)氣和情感。主要的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：can，may，must，need，would，could，might，dare等。使用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞要注意以下方面：(1) 含must的一般疑問(wèn)句，肯定回答仍用must，否定回答則用neednt或dont have to，表示“不必”。一般不能用mustnt，因?yàn)閙ustnt表示“不可以、禁止”，語(yǔ)氣很強(qiáng)。例如：Must I finish my homework now? 我必須現(xiàn)在完成作業(yè)嗎？No, you neednt. 不，不必要。(2) may開(kāi)頭的一般疑問(wèn)句，肯定回答

7、用may，否定回答用mustnt。例如：May I smoke here? 我可以在這里吸煙嗎？No, you mustnt. 不，不可以。(3) 表示可能性或推測(cè)時(shí)，can多用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句，cannot表示“不可能”；may多用于述句，may not表示“可能不”；must只用于肯定句，表示“一定、準(zhǔn)是”。You may be right or may not be right. 你可能對(duì)也可能不對(duì)。The news cant be true. 這消息不可能是真的。She must be angry. 她一定是生氣了。(4) need用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句和條件句，表示“需要

8、”，也可以作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，后跟名詞、代詞、不定式、動(dòng)詞-ing形式等。need開(kāi)頭的一般疑問(wèn)句，肯定回答用must。You neednt come if you are busy. 如果忙，你就不必來(lái)了。（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）Need I come tomorrow? 我明天需要來(lái)嗎？ No, you neednt. / Yes, you must. 不，沒(méi)必要。/ 是的，你必須來(lái)。（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）He needs to get some sleep. 他需要睡一會(huì)。（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）(5) used to 表示“過(guò)去常?！保F(xiàn)在并不如此了。常與過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，否定形式是usent to 或dont use to

9、。一般疑問(wèn)句將used提前或用“Did use to ?”We used to go there every year. 我們過(guò)去每年去那兒。(6) have to的意思接近must，但是must強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話(huà)者的主觀(guān)意愿。have to強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀(guān)上的必要性，常譯成“不得不“。have to可以用于多種時(shí)態(tài)，其疑問(wèn)句、否定句都要借助do構(gòu)成。Do you have to leave now? 你現(xiàn)在必須走了嗎？You dont have to get up early. 你沒(méi)有必要早起。(7) be able to表示具體的能力，與can用法相近，can只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)，be able to

10、 可用更多的時(shí)態(tài)。was / were able to側(cè)重又能力而且成功地做成了某事，而could只表示過(guò)去具備某種能力。The maths problem was hard but I was able to work it out. 這道數(shù)學(xué)題很難，但我做出來(lái)了。動(dòng)詞的形式做題技巧確定正確的時(shí)態(tài) 1.根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)確定時(shí)態(tài).時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)與時(shí)態(tài)有著密切的關(guān)系.a. I _ (write) now. b. I _(lose) my pen yesterday.c. We _ (study) English for two years. 2.根據(jù)上下文來(lái)確定時(shí)態(tài) 有些句子沒(méi)有明顯的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),又不能用時(shí)

11、態(tài)呼應(yīng)規(guī)則來(lái)對(duì)照,這時(shí)就可以根據(jù)上下文容來(lái)判斷時(shí)間關(guān)系,確定正確時(shí)態(tài). A.Where are the twins? B.They _ (go) to visit Uncle Wang. 3.根據(jù)主從句的關(guān)系來(lái)確定時(shí)態(tài). *1 e,go,leave 等趨向性動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)可用來(lái)表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.*2.永恒的真理和客觀(guān)存在的狀態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).*3.祈使句中,或在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,助動(dòng)詞后,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形Dont _ (read)in the sun , will you? Youd better _ (stay)at home since its raining outside. 注意所填動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài) T

12、oday both basketball and volleyball _(play) in many countries. 4.根據(jù)語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣來(lái)確定時(shí)態(tài)確定動(dòng)詞的形式 1. be busy,what about等后用動(dòng)詞的-ing 形式. 2.在介詞后一般應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞的-ing 形式. 3.在 keep,enjoy,finish,mind 等動(dòng)詞后采用動(dòng)詞的-ing 形式. 4.在動(dòng)詞 decide,hope,wish,hate 等動(dòng)詞后應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ),而在ask, tell,want,teach 之后則用動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),即 “ask sb. to do sth.”的形式 5.在see

13、,hear,watch,make,let等后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式應(yīng)省略動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)“ to”, 但在被動(dòng)句中, 應(yīng)添上to. 6.在 Its time(for sb.)to do sth. Its kind/nice/good of sb. to do sth.It takes sb. some time to do sth. 的句型中, 動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作句子真正的主語(yǔ). 7.疑問(wèn)代詞/副詞 (why 除外) + to do sth. 結(jié)構(gòu),可在句中作主語(yǔ), 表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ). 練習(xí)題 1.The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from(blow)

14、the earth away. 2.Mr Smith kept on (ask) the players to rememberTEAMWORK 3.Alice didnt hear what the teacher said just now,so she doesnt know how(do) the problem. 4.The policeman asked the old granny to put down her heavy box and let him (carry) it for her. 5.用help,happen,listen,have,ask,be,plant,mi

15、ss,leave,look的適當(dāng)形式填空:(1).WangHai is a good comrade.He always does his best _others.(2).Dig the hole big enough,or the trees cant _well .(3).Its time for class.Lets stop to the teacher.(4).Her face turned red when she _ to sing a song for all of us.(5).She is older than Mary butmuch younger.(6).-I ca

16、nt find my keys.-Maybe you _ them at home.(7).We waited in the next room while they _a meeting.(8).Hurry up.You _the train if you dont. 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一、中考要求： 英語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)共有十六種，但是中考?？嫉闹饕邪朔N，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)等時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成和用法。其中難點(diǎn)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別。二、知識(shí)要點(diǎn)： 時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成 （以speak為例）式時(shí)一 般進(jìn) 行完 成現(xiàn) 在speak / s

17、peaksam/ is/ are speakinghas / have spoken過(guò) 去spokewas / were speakinghad spoken將 來(lái)shall/ will speakis/ am/ are going to speakshould / would speakwas/ were going to speak1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法（1）表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者經(jīng)常存在的狀態(tài)。經(jīng)常和表示時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)often，always，usually，sometimes，every day等連用。例如： My sister usually goes to school on foot

18、. 我姐姐經(jīng)常步行去上學(xué)。We often come to school at six in the morning. 我們經(jīng)常在早上六點(diǎn)到學(xué)校。（2）表示某種習(xí)慣或者能力，也可以表示職業(yè)、特征等。例如： My mother often gets up very early in the morning. 我的媽媽經(jīng)常在早上起床很早。 This kind of car runs very fast. 這種小汽車(chē)跑得非常快。（3）表示客觀(guān)事實(shí)、客觀(guān)規(guī)律或者客觀(guān)真理。例如： This kind of trees never grows in the desert. 這種樹(shù)從來(lái)不在沙漠里生長(zhǎng)。 Do

19、 you know that knowledge is power? 你知道知識(shí)就是力量嗎？（4）在時(shí)間、條件、讓步等狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。例如： Theyll be so happy when I tell them. 我告訴他們時(shí)，他們會(huì)很高興的。 If you arent here on time tomorrow, Ill write to your parents. 如果你明天不準(zhǔn)時(shí)到，我就給你父母親寫(xiě)信。注意：（1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)：在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，如果句子的主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用其第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式。例如：My father often watches T

20、V after dinner at home. 我的爸爸經(jīng)常在晚飯后在家看電視。（2）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)如果是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，其否定句和一般疑問(wèn)句要用助動(dòng)詞do，第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)用does，doesnt來(lái)構(gòu)成。例如：My little brother doesnt do his homework at school. 我的小弟弟不在學(xué)校做家庭作業(yè)。中考（ ）1. -Mum, _ shall we have lunch?-We will have it when your dad_.（2007年）A. when; returns B. where; returns C. where; will return

21、 D. when; will return（ ）2. -Tomorrow will be Fathers Day. What will you do for your father? - I will say I love you, Daddy as soon as he _ up. （2007年）A. will wake B. is waking C. wakes D. woke（ ）3. Our teacher said light_ faster than sound. （2007年宿遷）A. travelled B. has travelled C. is travelling D.

22、travels（ ）4. -Lets go fishing if it _ this weekend.-But nobody knows if it_.（2006年）A. is fine, will rainB. will be fine, rains C. is fine, rainsD. will be fine, will rain（ ）5. -Is your father a doctor?-Yes, he is. He_ in TownHospital. (2006年)A. has worked B. had worked C. works D. worked2. 動(dòng)詞一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用

23、法： （1）表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者過(guò)去經(jīng)常存在的狀態(tài)。常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)yesterday，just now，a moment ago，last week/ year/ night，in 1985，in those days，when I was at middle school等連用。例如：They went to college last year. 他們是去年上大學(xué)。We had a good time in the park yesterday. 我們昨天在公園玩得很高興。（2）表示過(guò)去接連發(fā)生的一系列動(dòng)作。例如： We played football first，then w

24、ent boating and fishing,，and at last had a picnic there. 我們先踢足球，然后去劃船、釣魚(yú)。最后我們?cè)谀抢镆安汀＃?）在時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示過(guò)去將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。 She told me that she would not leave until I came back. 她告訴我我回來(lái)她才會(huì)離開(kāi)。注意：（1）表示過(guò)去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)的動(dòng)作，而現(xiàn)在卻不這樣做了，也可以用used to +動(dòng)詞原形來(lái)表示。例如： I used to get up very late. 我過(guò)去總是起床很晚。（2）如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，since引導(dǎo)的

25、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如： We have made a lot of friends since we came here. 自從我們來(lái)到這里以來(lái)已經(jīng)交了很多的朋友。（3）談?wù)撃橙说某錾掌诮?jīng)常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如： When were you born? 你是什么時(shí)候出生的？ I was born in 1983. 我出生于1983年。3. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法： （1）表示說(shuō)話(huà)的時(shí)候正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，經(jīng)常與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)now，at present，at this time/ moment等連用。例如： The boys are playing football over there now.

26、這些男孩子們正在那邊踢足球。 My father is watching TV with my mother now. 我的爸爸正在和媽媽一起看電視。（2）表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行著的動(dòng)作，但不一定在說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)正在進(jìn)行。經(jīng)常與now，these days等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例如： I am learning French in Beijing these days. 這些天我正在學(xué)法語(yǔ)。（3）一些瞬間動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示“即將”，常有表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。常用的這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有g(shù)o, come, leave, start, arrive, work, have, stay, play, retur

27、n等。例如： Hurry up! The bus is coming. 快點(diǎn)！公共汽車(chē)馬上就要開(kāi)了。 He is coming back tomorrow. 他明天會(huì)回來(lái)。注意：表示狀態(tài)和感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞如果指現(xiàn)在情況的話(huà)，一般不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)，而要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。這樣的動(dòng)詞有：love, like, hate, want, hope, need, wish, know, understand, remember, belong, hear, see, seem, have(有), sound(聽(tīng)起來(lái)), taste（嘗起來(lái)）等。中考（ ）1. -Wheres your mother, Helen?-Sh

28、e_ the flowers in the garden. （2007年）A. waters B. watered C. is watering D. has watered（ ）2. -Hurry up! Its time to leave. -OK, _.（2006年）A. Im coming B. Ill come C. Ive come D. I come（ ）3. -Shall we invite Tom to play football now? -Oh, no. He his clothes.（2006年）A. is washing B. washes C. has washed

29、 D. washed4. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法： 表示說(shuō)話(huà)的過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)候或某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。這一特定時(shí)間除了有上下文暗示外，經(jīng)常和表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)then，a moment ago，at this time yesterday，at ten last night，at that time/ moment等連用。例如：What were you doing at this time yesterday? 昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候你正在做什么？I was cooking with my mother. 我正和我媽媽一起做飯。5. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法： 表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者存在的狀態(tài)。常和表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

30、，如tomorrow，next week/ year/ month，this afternoon/ evening，tonight，in a few days，when he comes等連用。一般將來(lái)時(shí)的構(gòu)成：1） will/shall動(dòng)詞原形2）be going to動(dòng)詞原形。其中shall用于第一人稱(chēng)，will用于第二和第三人稱(chēng)。例如：Ill come and help you tomorrow. 我明天來(lái)幫助你。He will go to Beijing and see his father next week. 他下個(gè)星期去看他的爸爸。注意：（1）shall一般和第一人稱(chēng)的代詞連用構(gòu)

31、成shall I或者shall we的一般疑問(wèn)句，用來(lái)詢(xún)問(wèn)對(duì)方的意圖和愿望，征求別人同意等。在以第二人稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)的問(wèn)句中,用will 表示請(qǐng)求.例如：Shall we go swimming this afternoon? 今天下午我們?nèi)ビ斡竞脝幔縒ill you please lend me your pen?（2）當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)時(shí),用will 表示意愿.決心.允諾.命令等. eg. I will give you an English-Chinese dictionary for your birthday.（3）助動(dòng)詞shall引起的一般疑問(wèn)句征求別人同意時(shí)，回答不能用Yes, you

32、shall或者No, you shall not，應(yīng)該用Yes, please do.或者No, please dont. 例如：Shall I close the window? 我把窗戶(hù)關(guān)上好嗎？ No, please dont.不，別關(guān)。（4）be going to+動(dòng)詞原形，常用來(lái)表示已經(jīng)決定或安排要做的事，也用于表示必然或很可能發(fā)生的事。例如：They are going to finish the work this evening. 他們打算今天晚上完成這項(xiàng)工作。Its going to snow. 要下雪了。中考演練( )1 Will you go to the Great W

33、all if it _ fine tomorrow?A. will B. was C. is going to be D. is( )2 Please come to our meeting if you _ free tomorrow.A. will B. will beC. are D. were( )3 _ you free now? I have some questions to ask you.A. Will B. Do C. Are D. Would6. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的用法： 表示過(guò)去某個(gè)將來(lái)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者存在的狀態(tài)。第一人稱(chēng)用should動(dòng)詞原形，其他人稱(chēng)用would動(dòng)詞原形

34、。也可以用was/were +going +to 動(dòng)詞原形。過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)經(jīng)常用在間接引語(yǔ)中，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如：Your father said he was going to visit your school next week.你爸爸說(shuō)他下個(gè)星期要到你的學(xué)校參觀(guān)。They said they would come the next day. 他們說(shuō)第二天就回來(lái)。7.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法： （1）表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或者結(jié)果，而這種影響或者結(jié)果往往是說(shuō)話(huà)人的興趣所在。常用的狀語(yǔ)有already, yet, not yet, now, just, by this

35、time等。例如：The bus has come here. 公共汽車(chē)已經(jīng)來(lái)了。Someone has cleaned the window. 有人已經(jīng)擦了窗戶(hù)。（2）表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在而且可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，如today, this week/ month/ summer, lately, recently, these days, so far, in the past few days, since the end of last year, for a long time等。例如：We have lived here for two years.

36、 我們?cè)谶@里住了兩年了。注意：（1）buy，borrow，die等非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（也稱(chēng)為瞬間動(dòng)詞）的肯定形式一般不能和表示一段時(shí)間的for短語(yǔ)與since短語(yǔ)（或從句）連用，這時(shí)要用相應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞代替這些非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。例如：() I have bought the bike for two years. 我買(mǎi)這輛自行車(chē)兩年了。() I have had the bike for two years. 瞬間動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：buyhavestopbe overleavebe away come backbe back borrowkeep diebe dead beginbe onfall asl

37、eepbe asleeparrivebe here get upbe up joinbe inbe a member例如：They borrowed the book two weeks ago他們兩個(gè)星期前借的這本書(shū)。 They have kept the book for two weeks A month has passed since he left home. 他離開(kāi)家已經(jīng)一個(gè)月了。 He has been away from home for a month.（2）注意以下表示法的含義與用法：have been (to): 去過(guò)或到過(guò)（某地）（表示某人過(guò)去的經(jīng)歷）have gon

38、e (to)：去（某地）了 （現(xiàn)在可能已在某地）have come (to)：來(lái)（某地）了 （現(xiàn)在可能已在某地）have been in +一段時(shí)間: 已在某地一段時(shí)間了例如：He has been to Hangzhou several times. 他到過(guò)幾次了。He has gong to Hangzhou, so he cant help us. 他去了，所以他不可能幫助我們。He has come to our city. Lets go to visit him. 他已經(jīng)到我們城市來(lái)了，我們?nèi)グ菰L(fǎng)他吧。She has been in London for half a year.

39、她在倫敦已經(jīng)半年了。（3）Since用法小結(jié)：1) since +過(guò)去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn) (如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點(diǎn)、1980, last month, half past six)。 I have been here since 1989. 2) since +一段時(shí)間+ ago I have been here since five months ago. 3) since +從句 Great changes have taken place since you left. Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here. 4) It

40、is +一段時(shí)間+ since從句 It is two years since I became a postgraduate student （3）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這一動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，如對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果、影響等，所以不能和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用；一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示過(guò)去的事實(shí)，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，可以和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：Have you seen the film? Yes, I have. (表示結(jié)果：已經(jīng)看過(guò)了，因此了解了這部電影)When did you see it? I saw it last Sunday. (表示事實(shí)：過(guò)去做的一件事的時(shí)間)

41、He has taught this class for two years. （現(xiàn)在仍教著，或者剛剛停止）He taught this class for two years. （過(guò)去教過(guò)）中考連接( )1I_ a letter from him since he left（市） Adidnt receive Bhavent got Cdidnt have Dhavent heard ( )2How long have you _ this book？（市） Abought Bborrowed Chad Dlent ( )3Youve never seen such a wonderful

42、film before，_ ？（省） Ahavent you Bhave you Cdo you Ddont you ( )4We have lived here _ five years ago（?。?Awhen Bsince Cbefore Dafter ( )5How do you like Beijing，Mr Black？ Oh，I _ such a beautiful city（?。?Adont visit Bdidnt visit Chavent visited Dhadnt visited ( )6His brother has been to Stone Forest twi

43、ce _ he came to Yunnan（市） Aafter Bbefore Csince Dfor ( )7His grandpa _ for two years（） Awas died Bhas been dead Cwas dead Dhas died ( )8Have you ever_ to Haikou？ Yes，I_ there with my family last August（?。?Agone；went Bbeen；went Cbeen；went to Dbeen；was in ( )9His sister _ her hometown for three years

44、Shell return next year（市） Aleft Bhas left Chas been away Dhas been away from 8. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法： 過(guò)去完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法基本相似，表示某個(gè)動(dòng)作在過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)完成，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)以現(xiàn)在為基準(zhǔn)，而過(guò)去完成時(shí)則以過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻為基準(zhǔn)。見(jiàn)下圖：1）.過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成或結(jié)束，即發(fā)生在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。如： When I woke up, it had stopped raining. 我醒來(lái)時(shí)，雨已經(jīng)停了。（主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”） 2）.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)

45、從句的主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，且從句的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作時(shí)，從句要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。 如：He told me that he had written a new book. (had written 發(fā)生在 told 之前 ) 3）.過(guò)去完成時(shí)需要與一個(gè)表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，它不能離開(kāi)過(guò)去時(shí)間而獨(dú)立存在。此時(shí)多與 already ，yet ， still ， just ， before ， never 等時(shí)間副詞與 by ， before ， until 等引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)或從句連用。Before she came to

46、 China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years. Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten. 4）.過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過(guò)去某時(shí)之前已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到這一過(guò)去時(shí)間，而且動(dòng)作尚未結(jié)束，仍然有繼續(xù)下去的可能。如： By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years. （ had worked 已有了

47、20 年，還有繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去的可能）中考連接一、用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. We(paint) the house before we _ (move) in. 2. Paul(go) out with Jane after he (make)a phone call. 3. Tom(say) he had read_ (read) the book twice. 4. Our plan(fail ) because we(make) a bad mistake. 5.When I _(arrive) at the station, he(leave). 6.We(learn) about 400

48、0 English words by the end of last term. 二、單項(xiàng)選擇( )1. I _ 900 English words by the time I was ten。A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt ( )2. She said she _ the principle already A .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen ( )3. She had written a number of books _ the end of last year. A

49、. for B. in C. by D. at ( )4. He _ before he was 11 years old. A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano. ( )5. By the time he was 4, he _ _ a lot of German words. A. had learned B. has learned C. learned D. learns ( )6. The students _ their classroom

50、when the visitors arrived. A . have cleaned B. had cleaned C. was cleaned D. have been cleaned 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 一、中考要求： 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在中考經(jīng)?？疾閯?dòng)詞不定式的用法、動(dòng)名詞的用法與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與某些動(dòng)詞的固定搭配等。二、知識(shí)要點(diǎn)： （1）有些動(dòng)詞只能接不定式作賓語(yǔ)。如：agree (同意)，offer (提出)， plan (打算，計(jì)劃) ，ask (要求)，promise (答應(yīng))，help (幫忙)， prepare (準(zhǔn)備)，decide (決定)，refuse (拒絕)，dare (敢于)，ch

51、oose (選擇)，wish，hope（希望），want， would like (想要)等。（2）有些動(dòng)詞后只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，初中常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有：mind, finish, dislike, enjoy, keep, suggest等，另外在介詞后面要用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)如prevent sb. from, look forward to, succeed in，be used to(習(xí)慣于) 等這些短語(yǔ)后。I enjoy playing the piano very much. 我非常喜歡彈鋼琴。We are looking forward to seeing you soon. 我們渴望不久以

52、后見(jiàn)到你。（3）有些動(dòng)詞接不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)都可以，但是有區(qū)別，例如：A: remember to do 記得去做某事(未做)remember doing記得做過(guò)某事 (已做)Remember to go to the post office after school 記著放學(xué)后去趟郵局。 Dont you remember seeing the man before? 你不記得以前見(jiàn)過(guò)那個(gè)人嗎?B: forget to do忘記要去做某事。(未做)forget doing忘記做過(guò)某事。(已做)The light in the office is still on. He forgot to

53、 turn it off.辦公室的燈還在亮著，它忘記關(guān)了。(沒(méi)有做關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作)He forgot turning the light off. 他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了燈了。 ( 已做過(guò)關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作)C: stop to do sth. 停下來(lái)去做某事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事The students stop to listen to their teacher. 學(xué)生們停下來(lái)去聽(tīng)他們老師講話(huà)。 The students stopped talking. 學(xué)生們停止了談話(huà)。D: need to do 需要做 表示主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)為人。 need doing 需要被做 表示被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)

54、為物。 You need to get up early. 你需要早起。 The window needs cleaning. 窗戶(hù)需要（被）擦了。（4）有些動(dòng)詞接不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)都可以，意義基本一樣：如like, love, hate, prefer, begin, start, continue等。A. like, love, hate, prefer 在英國(guó)英語(yǔ)中稍有區(qū)別，接 to do 強(qiáng)調(diào)一次性的動(dòng)作，接doing強(qiáng)調(diào)習(xí)慣性的愛(ài)好。 I like singing, but I dont like to sing for you.B. begin與start本身為進(jìn)行式時(shí)，后面接不

55、定式。He is beginning to see his mistakes. 他開(kāi)始看到了他的錯(cuò)誤。中考演練一.單項(xiàng)填空( )1. Listen! Some of the girls _ about Harry Potter. Lets join them.A. are talking B. talkC. will talk D. talked( )2. Our teacher, Miss Chen, _English on the radio the day bore yesterday.A. teaches B. taughtC. will teach D. had taught( )3

56、. I dont think I _ you in that dress before.A. have seen B. was seeingC. saw D. see( )4. Susans parents have bought a large house with a swimming pool. It _ be very expensive.A. must B. can C. mustnt D. cant( )5. Coffee is ready. How nice it _ ! Would you like some?A. looks B. smells C. sounds D. fe

57、els( )6. “ Mr. Zhu, youd better _ too much meat. You are already over weight,” said the doctor.A. not to eat B. to eat C. not eat D. eat( )7. “Dont always make Michael _ this or that. He is already a big boy, dear,” Mr. Bush said to his wife.A. do B. to do C. does D. did( )8. Sorry, I cant hear you

58、clearly. Will you please _ your E-mail address? Ill write it down.A. review B. recite C. report D. repeat( )9. Dont _ your coat, Tom! Its easy to catch cold in spring.A. take away B. take off C. take down D. take out( )10. You _ go and ask Meimei. She _ know the answer.A. must; can B. must; may C. n

59、eed; can D. can; may( )11. Im sorry youve missed the train. It _ 10 minutes ago.A. left B. has left C. had left D. has been left( )12. I bought a new dictionary and it _ me 30 yuan.A. paid B. spent C. took D. cost( )13. Mum, may I go out and play basketball? _ you _ your homework yet?A. Do; finish B

60、. Are; finishing C. Did; finishing D. Have; finished( )14. I have to go now. Please remember to _ the lights when you leave.A. turn off B. turn down C. turn up D. turn on( )15. A talk on Chinese history _ in the school next week.A. be given B. has been given C. will be given D. will give( )16. Look!