人教課標(biāo)高一必修2Unit4

1、Unit 4Wildlife protection知識(shí)清單(一) 基本單詞1. _ n. 損失; 遺失; 喪失2. _ vt. & vi. 打獵; 獵取; 搜尋3. _ n. 減輕或解除; 減輕痛苦的事物4. _ n. 仁慈; 寬恕; 憐憫losshuntreliefmercy5. _ adj. 確定的; 某一; 一定6. _ vt. 包含; 容納; 容忍7. _ vt. 影響; 感動(dòng); 侵襲8. _ n. & vt. 損害; 危害9. _ vt. & vi. 咬; 叮; 刺痛10. _ n. 事件; 事變certaincontainaffectharmbiteincident(二) 派生單詞

2、11. _ vt. & vi. 減少; (使)變小 _vt. 增加12. _ vi. 回答; 響應(yīng); 做出反應(yīng) _ n. 回答; 響應(yīng)13. _ vi. 成功 vt. 接替; 繼任 _ n. 成功 _ adj. 成功的decreaseincreaserespondresponsesucceedsuccesssuccessful14. _ vt. 雇用; 利用 _ n. 利用; 雇用 _ n. 雇員 _ n. 雇主15. _ vt. 檢查; 視察 _ n. 檢查; 視察employemploymentemployeeemployerinspectinspection(三) 短語(yǔ)1. 滅亡; 逐漸

3、消失2. 和平地; 和睦地; 安祥地3. 在危險(xiǎn)中; 垂危4. 如釋重負(fù); 松了口氣5. 保護(hù).不受.(危害)6. 注意7. 形成; 產(chǎn)生8. 按照; 根據(jù).所說die outin peacein dangerin reliefprotect frompay attention tocome into beingaccording to(四) 句式It shows the importance of wildlife protection, but Id like to help as the WWF suggests. 核心要點(diǎn)1. certain adj. 確定的; 某一; 一定(一)單詞

4、【歸納】 certain 作形容詞，意為“確定的，無疑的”，常作表語(yǔ)；也可作前置定語(yǔ)，意為“某一，某種”。常用結(jié)構(gòu)如下：be certain of 對(duì)有把握be certain to do sth. 肯定/確定做be certain that . 肯定/確定/確信make certain that . 弄明白，弄清楚make certain of sth. / doing sth. 確保（做某事）It is certain that . 是肯定/確定的?！颈嫖觥?certain & surecertain 與 sure 都可表示“肯定的，確定的”，都可作表語(yǔ)。但certain還有“某一，某種”

5、之意，可作前置定語(yǔ)修飾名詞，而sure無此用法。此外certain可用于It is certain that . 結(jié)構(gòu)中，而sure則常用人作主語(yǔ)。如：Theyre sure / certain to be late.It was certain that they would be late.Im sure hell manage it.2. relief n. (痛苦或憂慮的)減輕或解除; 減輕痛苦的事物【歸納】 in relief 如釋重負(fù); 松了口氣 (much) to ones relief 使某人感到寬慰/慶幸的是 feel a sense of relief 如釋重負(fù) (much

6、) to ones relief使人寬慰的 what a relief 真叫人寬慰，這樣大家就放心了。 3. contain vt. 包含; 容納; 克制(強(qiáng)烈的感情等); 抑制【歸納】 contain “包含, 含有, 容納, 里面裝有”, 指的是包含的全部?jī)?nèi)容或容量, 也可指里面所含的成分, 不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。 include “包含”, “連.在內(nèi), 計(jì)入, 算入, 包括”, 用于表示所包含之物中的一部分, 其后的賓語(yǔ)往往是主語(yǔ)的一部分?！炯磿r(shí)應(yīng)用】用contain/include的適當(dāng)形式填空。1) My mother was unable to _ her anger.2) The b

7、ottle _ two glasses of beer.3) The health club _ a gym, a swimming pool and a locker room.4) The whole book _ 12 units, _ two tests.containcontainsincludescontainsincluding4. affect vt. 影響; 感動(dòng); 侵襲【歸納】 affect sb. to tears 把某人感動(dòng)得掉淚 be greatly affected 很受感動(dòng) be affected with high fever 發(fā)高燒 have an effec

8、t on/upon . 對(duì).有影響【辨析】 affect / effect / influence這三個(gè)詞都可表示“影響”，但略有區(qū)別： affect作動(dòng)詞，多指外來的行為、作用等產(chǎn)生的影響，側(cè)重指消極影響，主語(yǔ)通常是物而不是人。如：Their opinion will not affect my decision. effect作名詞，側(cè)重影響的結(jié)果，常用于have a good / bad effect on / upon sth. / sb.結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：This had a great effect on the future of both mother and son. influe

9、nce通常指通過勸說、榜樣或行為，間接地、無形地、潛移默化地影響某人的思想或行為。作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)通常是表示人、思想、性格、行為等的名詞；作名詞時(shí)，后常接含on，upon，over，with等的介詞短語(yǔ)。也可指自然力的影響。如：A teacher has great influence over his pupils.【溫馨提示】 affect 只能用作動(dòng)詞，除了“影響”之意，還可以引申為“感動(dòng)，感染”；而 effect 用作名詞，著重影響的結(jié)果，多用于短語(yǔ) have an effect on，意為“影響”?！炯磿r(shí)應(yīng)用】用affect/effect的適當(dāng)形式填空。(1) Staying up t

10、oo late will have a bad _ on your health.(2) The boy was absorbed in reading without being _ by the noise outside.effectaffected5. appreciate v. 鑒賞; 感激; 意識(shí)到【歸納】 appreciate 作動(dòng)詞，意為“欣賞，鑒賞；感謝，感激”。 作“欣賞，鑒賞”講時(shí)，其后常接名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)。如：You cant really appreciate foreign literature in translation. 作“感謝，感激”講時(shí)，后面可接名詞、代

11、詞、動(dòng)詞-ing形式（或其復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)）以及賓語(yǔ)從句。如：I appreciate your / you making the effort to come.I dont appreciate being treated like a second-class citizen.I appreciate what youve done for me. sb. + would appreciate it if . 意為“如果某人將不勝感激”。如：He would appreciate it if you could do him that favor.【詞義辨析】 appreciate & thank

12、appreciate與thank都可表示“感謝”，但是用法上有區(qū)別。appreciate后接表示“物”的名詞；thank后接“人”，常用于thank sb.或thank sb. for (doing) sth.。如：We really appreciate everything youve done for our daughter.I havent had a chance to thank him yet.6. succeed vi. 成功; 繼承 vt. 接替; 繼任【歸納拓展】 succeed (in) doing sth. 成功. succeed to sth. 繼承. succee

13、d sb. as . 接替某人成為. success n. U 成功; 成就 C 成功的人或事物 successful adj. 成功的 successfully adv. 成功地【辨析】 succeed in & succeed with這兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)都可表示“成功地做.”。其區(qū)別是: 以成功的人作主語(yǔ)時(shí)用succeed in; 以事物作主語(yǔ)時(shí)用succeed with。例如:He has succeeded in the attempt.The attempt succeeded with him.他的那次嘗試成功了?！炯磿r(shí)應(yīng)用】選用上述詞匯完成下列情景。To tell the truth,

14、I used not to be a _ in communicating with others. But later I went to a night school and _ learning some social skills. Then I was _ in making friends with many young people. Actually its not difficult to _ improving yourself.successsucceeded (in)successfulsucceed (in)7. employ vt. 雇用; 利用(時(shí)間/精力等)【歸

15、納】 be employed in . 忙于. employ . as . 把.用作. employ oneself on . 從事于.; 時(shí)間花在. employ oneself (in) doing sth. 從事于或忙于某事 employ sb. to do sth. 雇某人做某事【即時(shí)練習(xí)】After two years _ (失業(yè)), he has just _ (被雇用) by a big company. To be a good _ (員工), he _ (花費(fèi)) all his spare time in learning about new things about the

16、 company. Soon he is promoted by his _ (雇主).unemploymentbeen employedemployeeemploysemployer8. mercy n. 仁慈; 寬恕; 憐憫【歸納】 mercy 作名詞，其常見用法如下： 意為“憐憫，饒恕，寬恕”。常用短語(yǔ)：beg for mercy 懇請(qǐng)寬恕，乞憐 have mercy on sb. / show mercy to sb. 對(duì)某人表示憐憫without mercy 無情地at the mercy of . 任憑擺布或控制，對(duì)無能為力 意為“幸運(yùn)，恩惠”。常用句型：Its a mercy (

17、that) . 幸運(yùn)的是。如：Its a mercy that the accident happened so near the hospital.【拓展】 merciless adj. 毫不憐憫的，無情的，殘忍的merciful adj. 仁慈的，慈悲的1. die out 滅亡; 逐漸消失【拓展】 die away (聲音/光線/風(fēng)聲等)逐漸消失 die down (火/情緒/風(fēng)暴等)由強(qiáng)變?nèi)?熄滅/平靜下來 die off (動(dòng)/植物等)相繼死亡; (草木等)枯死 be dying for . 很想要; 渴望.(二)短語(yǔ)【即時(shí)應(yīng)用】 用適當(dāng)?shù)慕?副詞填空。(1) As the regi

18、on is becoming hotter, this kind of grass is dying _.(2) Their chatter and laughter died _ as the group rushed out of the classroom.(3) When all the guests had left, the whole house died _.(4) We need to take action before all the endangered animals die _.offawaydownout2. protect . from 保護(hù).不受.(危害)【拓

19、展】 prevent . (from) . 阻止.做. stop . (from) . 阻止.做. keep . (from) . 阻止.做. under ones protection = under the protection of sb. 受某人保護(hù)【溫馨提示】prevent / stop / keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事, 在 prevent / stop . from doing sth. 中的from在主動(dòng)句中可以省略, 而在被動(dòng)句中不可省略。keep . from doing sth. 中的from在任何情況下都不能省略。3. pay att

20、ention to 注意; 關(guān)注.【拓展】 draw / attract / catch attention to . 引起某人的注意 turn ones attention to 把注意力轉(zhuǎn)移到 . fix / focus / concentrate ones attention on / upon 注意力集中在 . devote ones attention to 把注意力放在 .4. come into being 形成; 產(chǎn)生【拓展】 come into existence 開始存在; 形成; 產(chǎn)生 come into fashion 開始流行; 風(fēng)靡 come into effect

21、 生效 come into sight / view 看得見 come into office 就職 come into power 當(dāng)權(quán); 執(zhí)政 come into use / service 開始被使用【溫馨提示】 come into being 是不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ), 無被動(dòng)形式, 也不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)?！炯磿r(shí)應(yīng)用】 完成句子。 No one knows when such a custom _ (形成).(2) A new rule will soon _ (生效).came into beingcome into effect5. in peace 和睦地；安靜地，平靜地【拓展】 in da

22、nger 在危險(xiǎn)中in relief 如釋重負(fù)in order 狀態(tài)良好in silence 沉默in power 執(zhí)政in progress 在進(jìn)行中in surprise 驚訝地6. in danger (of)【歸納】 in danger 意為“在危險(xiǎn)中，處境危險(xiǎn)” ；in danger of 意為“有的危險(xiǎn)，壞事或不快之事發(fā)生的可能性”，其后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式（短語(yǔ)）。【拓展】 out of danger 脫離危險(xiǎn)。如：The doctor said that the patient was out of danger. It shows the importance of

23、 wildlife protection, but Id like to help as the WWF suggests. (三)句式as 在句中引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句, 意為“按照, 如同”。Do as I say! 按我說的去做！When in Rome, do as Romans do.入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。 (在羅馬時(shí)就要像羅馬人那樣做。)as 作連詞的其他用法： 當(dāng).時(shí)候; 一面.一面; 隨著(引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句) 因?yàn)? 既然(引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句) 盡管adv. 同樣地; 例如; 被認(rèn)為prep. 作為; 如同conj. 因?yàn)? 像; 當(dāng) . 之時(shí); 像 . 一樣; 結(jié)果; 盡管They sang s

24、ongs as they were doing farm work.他們一邊干農(nóng)活, 一邊唱歌。As the wage of the job was low, there were few applicants for it.因?yàn)楣べY低, 沒有什么人申請(qǐng)這份工作。Intelligent as she is, she works very hard.(= Although she is clever .)盡管聰明, 她還是很努力。【溫馨提示】as 意為“盡管”時(shí), 須將表語(yǔ)/狀語(yǔ)等提前, 其他成分保持陳述語(yǔ)序; 名詞提前時(shí), 去掉冠詞。Child as he was, he knew a lot

25、.(= Although he was a child .)雖然是個(gè)孩子, 但他懂得很多。鞏固練習(xí)I. 選用方框內(nèi)合適的短語(yǔ)并用其適當(dāng)形式填空。1. The marriage law first _ in 1950.2. He saved up his money _ he could go to New Zealand for his summer holiday.came into beingso thatin peace die out according to so that come into being3. If everything goes _ their plan, they

26、 will be able to afford to open a store in 2 years.4. They simply cant seem to live _ with each other.5. Many more species are expected to _ unless we do something to help. according toin peacedie outII. 根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)漢語(yǔ)提示補(bǔ)全下列句子。1. I _ (將不勝感激) if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will be coming.2. She _ (對(duì)這些 問題作了答復(fù)) and then announced the end of the meeting. 3. Scientists claim they _ (已成功) finding a way to fight the