定語從句課件 (3)

1、定語從句 在復(fù)合句中, 修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句, 被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。連接先行詞與定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞叫關(guān)系詞。I like music that is quiet and gentle.先行詞關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的的關(guān)系詞包括關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。其中關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who(賓格whom, 所有格 whose) 等.關(guān)系副詞有when, where, why 等。關(guān)系詞放在先行詞和定語從句之間起聯(lián)系作用， 同時(shí)又在定語從句中充當(dāng)一定的句法成分。關(guān)系代詞的選用比較復(fù)雜, 它 受下列條件制約: (1) 先行詞是指人還是指物; (2)關(guān)系詞在從句中的句法功能

2、; (3)定語從句是限定性的還是非限定性的. 關(guān)系代詞的選用情況見下表:先行詞在從句中的句法功能 用于限定性或非限定性定語從句 只用于限定性定語從句指人指物指人或指物主語whowhichthat賓語whowhichthat定語Whose Whose(of which)1.以上關(guān)系代詞的常見基本用法中需要注意: that 和 which 在從句中作主語時(shí), 不能省略, 作賓語時(shí), 在口語和非正式文體中經(jīng)常省略, whom 也常可省略。1.A plane is a machine which (或that) can fly.(作主語,不可省略) 2.The girl _we saw yesterd

3、ay is Jims sister.(作賓語,可省略)3.The watch_ I brought last year has been lost . (作賓語, 可省略) 4. You are the only one whose advice he might listen to. (作定語,不可省) whom (或that) which (或that) 2.當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要和先行詞一致。a.The people who _ sick are wait for the doctor in the waiting room.b.The person

4、who _ sick are wait for the doctor in the waiting room.c.I like songs that _ great lyrics .d.I dont like a song that _ nosy music .areis have has關(guān)系詞的選擇（一）關(guān)系代詞只能用that, 而不能用其他關(guān)系代詞：1.當(dāng)先行詞是all, much, little, none, the one 或由no-, any-, every-構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞時(shí)； Ive explained everything _I can to you.2.先行詞被all, eve

5、ry, some, little, much, last, any, no, few, the very, the only 等修飾時(shí)； He is the only person _ I trust .3.先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞限定時(shí)； Jim is the first student _ gets to school every day .thatthatthat4.先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)；This is the most beautiful city _ Ive ever been to.5.先行詞同時(shí)包含人和事物時(shí)； The visitors spoke highly of th

6、e children and performances _they saw at the children Palace.6. 或當(dāng)主句是who或which 開頭的特殊問句時(shí)，為只了避免重復(fù)， 習(xí)慣上多用that. Who is the person _let out the secret? thatthatthat（二）關(guān)系代詞不能用that 情況1.在 非限定性定語從句中， 指物時(shí)只能用which,指人時(shí)只能用who, 不能用 that。a.She was not on the train , which arrived just now . b.Think about Stephen H

7、awking , who regards his many physical problems as unimportant .2.關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中也作介詞的賓語， 如果介詞被置于關(guān)系代詞前，一般只用介詞+which, 或介詞+whom, 不用介詞+ that結(jié)構(gòu)， 如果介詞被置于從句句末， 則可用that 代替which 或whom, 且that 這時(shí)可省去： This is the ring on which she spent 1000 dollars.This is the ring which (that) she spent 1000 dollars on.One of my

8、friends with whom you are familiar is coming today.One of my friends whom (that) you are familiar with is coming today.（三） Who 與whose 的用法 當(dāng)先行詞all, any 和a few指人時(shí)，或先行詞是this,that, those 或these且指人時(shí)， 一般用who, Whose .Those who hadnt bought the ticket for the train crowded in the waiting hall. Any who break

9、s the law will be punished.關(guān)系副詞的選用 關(guān)系副詞的選用相對(duì)比較簡單， when引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾一個(gè)表時(shí)間的名詞如time, day等。When在從句中作時(shí)間狀語，when 可用介詞on +which來替代。 I still remember the day when ( on which) I joined the army.Where 引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾一個(gè)表地點(diǎn)的名詞如 place, house, area等。Where本身作從句中謂語的地點(diǎn)狀語，這時(shí)where 可用介詞in +which來替代。 Ill never forget the mountain

10、village where (in which) I spent my childhood.Why 引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾一個(gè)表原因的名詞reason, why在從句中作原因狀語， why 可用介詞for+which來替代。 I dont know the reason why ( for which) he did that.從以上三個(gè)例子來看， 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句， 一般 情況下， 都可用介詞+關(guān)系代詞來替換關(guān)系副詞。但是如果表地點(diǎn)或表時(shí)間的名詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語就不能用關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句， 而應(yīng)用相應(yīng)的關(guān)系代詞來引導(dǎo)。 Mike is studying in a school th

11、at (which) was built in 1920.Those days that/which we spent with her was wonderful.作主語作賓語定語從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題1. This is the bag _ my mother bought yesterday. A. that B. who C.whom D. this2. The man _ lives next to us is my English teacher. A.whom B. which C.who D./3. The only language _ is easy to learn is the

12、 mother tongue. A. which B. that C. / D. it4. The girl handed everything _ she had picked up in the street to the police. A. which B. in which C. that D. all5._ cleans the blackboard should be praised. A. That B. Who C. The one who D. The students who6. Please show me the book _ you bought yesterday

13、. A. which B. whom C. whose D.this7. This is the best book _ I have been looking for all this year.A. who B. whom C.which D./ 8. This is the only article of these that _ written by him. A. was B. were C. is D. are9. The man _ was here just now is a doctor. A. whom B. who C. / D. he10. The boy _ has

14、two lovely dogs. A. who live next door B. which lives next door C. whom lives next door D. that lives next door11. Those _ made no mistakes in todays exercises please raise your hands. A. which B. whom C. that D. who12.Dont go in, this is the shop _ we have just been _. A. /, to B. that, / C. where,

15、 to D. which, there13. He is the most careful boy _ I know. A. what B. which C. as D. ./ 14. This is the school _ Mr. Smith once taught. A. in that B. when C. where D. there15. Have you visited the house _ the famous scientist was born? A. where B. in that C. that D. which16. The factory _ Mr. Li us

16、ed to work was closed last week. A. when B. where C. that D. which17. Do you still remember the day _ we first met? A. that B. when C. what D. on that18.The time _ we studied together is not easily forgotten. A. on that B. which C. what D. on which19. October 1,1949 is the day _ well never forget. A

17、. when B. that C. where D. in which20. October 1,1949 was the day _ the Peoples Republic of China was founded. A. which B. when C. where D. in which21. Is this the shop _ sells childrens clothing? A. which B. where C. in which D. what22. Is this museum _ they visited last month? A. that B. which C.

18、where D. the one23. I still remember the sitting-room _ my mother and I used to sit in the evening. A. what B. which C. that D. where 從句前面有兩個(gè)以上的名詞或代詞時(shí)，必須根據(jù)從句的意義確定先行詞。Find out three different things in the picture that is Jims . 找出吉姆照片里的三樣不同的東西。Find out three different things in the picture that are Jims .找出照片里的吉姆的三