2015年江西高考新題型--短文填空解題技巧

1、2014語法填空解題技巧會昌中學 饒君玲1、閱讀/理解語篇的能力;2、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)的能力;3、熟練運用語法的能力。1. 語法填空題能力要求Whats the usual way you fulfill the task Grammar Filling?三步完成: 概讀理解 分析填空 連貫檢查語 法詞法句法章法慣用法思考：面對語法填空中如此繁雜的語法點，我們到底該怎樣入手呢? Group Work Discuss with your group members about garmmar of blanks from 21to 30 .討論歸納語法填空以要求根據(jù)上下文填入一個以動詞(verb)（

2、或其適當形式）、名詞(noun)、代詞(pronoun)、冠詞(article)、介詞(prep.)、情態(tài)動詞(modal verbs)、連詞(conj)或引導詞、形容詞(adj.)和副詞(adv.) 考查各項語法內(nèi)容。 3.語法填空題空格設(shè)計純空格介詞，連詞，代詞，冠詞，從句引導詞，情態(tài)動詞，助動詞等有提示詞謂語動詞，非謂語動詞，名詞，形容詞，副詞，形容詞或副詞的比較級或最高級3.The little boy pulled 33_ right hand out of the pocket 冠詞或(物主)代詞 無提示詞 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)之前1. There once were a goat and

3、 a donkey. So the farmer killed 40_ goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart. 2.When I see a child subject to this kind of pressure, I think of Donnie. He was 35_ shy , nervous perfectionist. the a his考查語法點: 定冠詞,不定冠詞, 物主代詞的用法討論歸納歸納總結(jié)：如果句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)完整，空格后面是名詞（尤其是單數(shù)名詞），前面無限定詞，就應該考慮空格處是否需要填冠詞(a/

4、the)、不定代詞(any, no, some, all, every.)和形容詞性物主代詞(my, her, their, its)，名詞所有格等進行修飾。 連詞或從句引導詞 無提示詞兩個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)連接 1. It was not long 39_ the waitress came back and then she began to wipe down the table and suddenly was surprised at what she saw. 2. Office workers tried to put out the fire, _ it was impossible t

5、o control it. before考查語法點: 各類復合句中連詞,引導詞的用法討論歸納 找出謂語動詞；分清楚句子層次 理清分句關(guān)系；克服干擾，劃掉修飾成分but歸納總結(jié)：1從句子結(jié)構(gòu)考慮，如果空格前后都有句子。則要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，選擇適當?shù)母痹~或連詞。表原因：because, for ,since 等表結(jié)果：so, therefore ,hence, thus 等表遞進：further, furthermore, moreover, in addition 等表轉(zhuǎn)折：but, nevertheless, however,yet,While ,althouhgh,though等2 如

6、果兩個句子（即兩個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)）之間沒有分號或句號，也沒有關(guān)聯(lián)詞連接或引導，則填并列連詞或從屬連詞 that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why (引導定語從句) that, whether, if, whose, which, who, what, when, where, how, why (引導名詞性從句) when, before, after, until, while, because, so, if, unless, although, as (引導狀語從句)and ,or but (連接并列句）介詞 無提示詞 與名詞相連構(gòu)成介賓短語

7、擔任狀語,補語, 表語等 與不及物動詞構(gòu)成動詞短語接賓語1. In short, I believe that it is 39_ great use to keep a dairy in English 2. When I took the money from her grandparents, I looked back 34_the girl, who was giving me the most optimistic, largest smile I had ever seen. of at考查語法點: 介詞的基本用法及慣用搭配討論歸納歸納總結(jié)名詞或代詞前面的空格也可能填介詞。如句子

8、不缺主語、表語、動詞后不缺賓語的情況下，名詞或代詞前面，一定是填介詞。介詞可位于名詞之前 如：at night ,on Sunday 也可位于形容詞之后，如be interested in ,be good at還可位于不及物動詞之后，如 listen to ,arrive at ,look for 特殊句式結(jié)構(gòu)1 She remembered how difficult _ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. 2 Little_ we know his life. 3 _ cold was the weathe

9、r that we had to stay at home.4 I _ go to the station to meet her but I didnt see her.5 It was in the street _I met an old classmate of mine the other day.itdoSodidthat歸納總結(jié)由特殊句式結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷空格應填的詞1 由it is .that. 強調(diào)句型2由it 作形式主語或賓語的句式3 sosuch .that.句型4 構(gòu)成倒裝條件的only, so ,neither, nor, never,hardly, seldom,not u

10、ntil,had 等5 強調(diào)謂語動詞要填do,does, did. 有提示詞的解題技巧分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)上下文語境謂語動詞（時態(tài)和語態(tài)）非謂語動詞名詞，形容詞，副詞，形容詞或副詞的比較級或最高級有提示詞動詞給出的提示詞為動詞時，我們應首先分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，判斷該動詞在句中是謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞，或者是否需要轉(zhuǎn)換詞性等，然后再具體解題。 謂語動詞 有提示詞 與主語構(gòu)成主謂結(jié)構(gòu)1. I was certain she would like it because I 39 _ (tell) by my classmates that she loved hot food. 2. His fear of fa

11、ilure 36_ (keep) him from classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon. was told kept考查語法點: 謂語動詞的時態(tài)及語態(tài), 及主謂一致討論歸納技巧1 ：句中沒有謂語，或者雖然已有謂語動詞，但需填的詞與已存在謂語主語一致，且中間有并列或轉(zhuǎn)折連詞時，需填的詞則是謂語動詞。時態(tài)考慮要瞻前顧后。例1. That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, _(close) m

12、y book and walked away. closed 例2. All over the world, people move from place to place. More and more people_ (leave) towns and farms to move to cities.This movement(move) to cities is called urbanization. are leaving 例3. Smaller cars are just one of the directions that the car industry is taking. A

13、lso the industry _(produce) cars that pollute less and have a less harmful effect on the environment these days. is producing例4. Nobody knows what _(happen) if she had refused to pay.would have happened例5. The international agreement, intended to encourage children not to smoke and _ (help) people k

14、ick the habit, _ (sign) on February 27 last summer.helpwas signed例6. The happiest (happy) of people dont necessarily (necessary)have the best of everything; they just make the most of everything that _(come) along their way. comes例7. .The country life he was used to _ （change ）greatly since the open

15、ing policy was carried out.has changed非謂語動詞 有提示詞 除謂語動詞以外的動詞形式1. We must also consider the reaction of the person 32_ (receive) the gift. 2. I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left _ (complete) the rest! 3. My pupils, Donnie 40_ (include), adored her. receiving to complete included考查語法點: 非謂語動詞

16、及變形的使用討論歸納技巧2 ：若句中已有謂語動詞，又不是并列謂語時，所給動詞就是非謂語動詞。若是非謂語動詞就要確定用 doing形式，done形式，還是 to do 形式。非謂語的形式一定要考慮它與其邏輯主語之間 的關(guān)系。例10. but it is not enough only _(memorize) rules from a grammar book.to memorize 例11. _(speak) out your inner feeling wont make you feel ashamed, on the contrarySpeaking 注意 ：作主語或賓語時，通常用doin

17、g / being done形式表示習慣或一般情況； 用to do / to be done形式表示具體情況或?qū)?；作狀語用having done / having been done表示已發(fā)生。例12. _(complete) the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day.To complete 例14. Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely _(success.)to succ

18、eed 注意 ：作目的狀語或者在固定結(jié)構(gòu)中，一般用to do形式。例13. The young student did all that he could _ (pass)the examinations.to pass例15. He saw the stone, _(say) to himself: “The night willl be very dark.”saying 注意 ：分詞作伴隨狀語，原因狀語，條件狀語等時，要看它與邏輯主語的關(guān)系確定形式。例16. There will be a meeting, _(start) later this year to review the f

19、ilm.learned 注意 ：分詞做后置定語也要看它與被修飾詞之間的關(guān)系確定形式。starting 例17. .Lessons_(learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people. 例18. At 9:07pm, Sept.25, The Shenzhou VII spacecraft was lifted by the long March -F carrier rocket into space. The launch of the Shenzhou VII is Chinas third manned space

20、 venture since October 23, when it joined Russia and the United States as the only countries _(send) astronauts itno space. 注意 ：名詞前有 first, second,last, only修飾時，后面要用to do / to have done 做后置定語。to have sent the only例19. Mr. Green was disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _（repair） go wro

21、ng again.注意 ：固定結(jié)構(gòu)如： have sth. done , see sth. done, the way to do 等。repaired例20. Can you tell me the way you thought of _ (work )out the problem.to work詞性轉(zhuǎn)換 有提示詞 介詞,冠詞,所有格后接名詞,形容詞修飾名詞,副詞修飾形容詞動詞或整個句子1. “Thirty-five cents,” she said 36_ (rude). 2. One of the 33_ (bad) gift choices I ever made was for

22、my high school English teacher 5. As far as I am concerned, my 37 _ (suggest) is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English within easy reach. rudely worst suggestion考查語法點: 各類詞性的正確使用及轉(zhuǎn)化討論歸納技巧2 ：詞類轉(zhuǎn)換題要先確定在句中的成分。dangerous例19. In a _(danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand

23、, they learnt to 例20. There must be something_ (serious) wrong with our society.seriouslyvarieties例21. . Zheng Shouying, a professor at the Ford Science and Technology College of Nanjing Agriculture University, believes Chinese should learn to pick the best milk from the _(vary) that fill store shel

24、ves.harder例23. The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could. He jumped even _(hard) and finally made himself out.unnecessary例22. Your mistake caused a lot of _(necessity) work in the office.請用剛剛總結(jié)的考點,嘗試用下面的短文,進行語法填空的命題1 挖出你認為會考的10個空； 2 注明理由（比如：介詞+名詞）； 3 時間：3分鐘。 More than 220 people were killed

25、 in the fire which destroyed the Capital Building on February 4th, 1974. The building was finished only a few months before the fire; it was Sao Paulos newest building. All the 25 floors of the office building were completely destroyed. The fire also destroyed cars which belonged to people who worke

26、d in the building. Over 500 people were working in the building when the fire broke out on the 11th floor. No one knows how the fire started. Perhaps it was started by an electrical fire in the ceiling of one of the offices. Office workers tried to put out the fire, but it was impossible to control

27、it. Soon the whole floor was on fire and it was impossible for people on the floors above to escape. 考點分布考點數(shù)量動詞(謂語/非謂語)名詞連詞(從屬連詞/并列連詞)介詞代詞冠詞形容詞副詞 More than 220 people were killed in the fire _1_ destroyed the Capital Building on February 4th, 1974. The building was finished only a few months _2_ the

28、 fire; it was Sao Paulos newest building. All the 25 _3_ of the office building were completely destroyed. _4_ fire also destroyed cars which belonged to people who worked in the building. Over 500 people were working in the building when the fire _5_on the 11th floor. _6_knows how the fire started.

29、 Perhaps it was started by an _7_(electricity) fire in the ceiling of one of the offices. Office workers tried to put out the fire, _8_ it was impossible to control _9_ . Soon the whole floor was on fire and it was impossible for people on the floors above _10_(escape). One possible version More than 220 people were killed in the fire _ destroyed the Capital Building on February 4th, 1974. The building was finished only