第一部分英譯漢全真試題

1、Unit1(1994年)Accordingtothenewschoolofscientists,technologyisanoverlookedforceinexpandingthehorizonsofscientificknowledge.(71)Sciencemovesforward，theysay，notsomuchthroughtheinsightsofgreatmenofgeniusasbecauseofmoreordinarythingslikeimprovedtechniquesandtools.(72)“Inshort”，aleaderofthenewschoolcontend

2、s，“thescientificrevolution，aswecallit，waslargelytheimprovementandinventionanduseofaseriesofinstrumentsthatexpandedthereachofscienceininnumerabledirections.”(73)Overtheyearstoolsandtechnologythemselvesasasourceoffundamentalinnovationhavelargelybeenignoredbyhistoriansandphilosophersofscience.Themodern

3、schoolthathailstechnologyarguesthatsuchmastersasGalileo，Newton，Maxwell，Einstein，andinventorssuchasEdisonattachedgreatimportance，toandderivedgreatbenefitfrom，craftinformationandtechnologicaldevicesofdifferentkindsthatwereusableinscientificexperiments.Thecenterpieceoftheargumentofatechnology-yesgenius

4、-noadvocatewasananalysisofGalileosroleatthestartofthescientificrevolution.ThewisdomofthedaywasderivedfromPtolemy，anastronomerofthesecondcentury，whoseelaboratesystemoftheskyputEarthatthecenterofallheavenlymotions(.74)Galileosgreatestglorywasthatin1609hewasthefirstpersontoturnthenewlyinventedtelescope

5、ontheheavenstoprovethattheplanetsrevolvearoundthesunratherthanaroundtheEarth.Buttherealheroofthestoryaccordingtothenewschoolofscientists，wasthelongevolutionintheimprovementofmachineryformakingeyeglasses.Federalpolicyisnecessarilyinvolvedinthetechnologyvs.geniusdispute.(75)WhethertheGovernmentshouldi

6、ncreasethefinancingofpurescienceattheexpenseoftechnologyorviceversa反之)oftendependsontheissueofwhichisseenasthedrivingforce.Unit1翻譯題解：Sciencemovesforward,theysay,notsomuchthroughtheinsightsofgreatmenofgeniusasbecauseofmoreordinarythingslikeimprovedtechniquesandtool.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分為三段：Sciencemovesforwa

7、rd,theysay,/notsomuchthroughtheinsightsofgreatmenofgenius/asbecauseofmoreordinarythingslikeimprovedtechniquesandtool.第二、句子主干結(jié)構(gòu)是：1notsomuchthrough.asbecauseof.與.其倒不如因?yàn)閚otsomuch.as是個并列結(jié)構(gòu)，也就是說so和as后面應(yīng)該兩個詞的意思應(yīng)該相同，所以多義介詞through的意思應(yīng)該等于becauseof因?yàn)?，由于。第三、詞的處理：theinsightsofgreatmenofgenius是后面帶定語的名詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)，后置定語的

8、順序應(yīng)該在漢語翻譯中應(yīng)該倒過來，即從后往前翻譯為：天才偉人的真知灼見。moreordinarythingslikeimprovedtechniquesandtoo這是結(jié)構(gòu)是介詞like短語做定語修飾中心詞moreordinarythings，也是先翻譯定語，再翻譯中心詞：像改進(jìn)了的技術(shù)和工具等更為普通的東西。theysay插入語，按照漢語習(xí)慣，翻譯時(shí)放在句首。完整的譯文：他們說，科學(xué)的發(fā)展與其說源于天才偉人的真知灼見，不如說源于改進(jìn)了的技術(shù)和工具等更為普通的東西。Inshort,aleaderofthenewschoolcontends,thescientificrevolution,aswe

9、callit,waslargelytheimprovementandinventionanduseofaseriesofinstrumentsthatexpandedthereachofscienceininnumerabledirection.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分為三段：Inshort,aleaderofthenewschoolcontends,thescientificrevolution,aswecallit,/waslargelytheimprovementandinventionanduseofaseriesofinstruments/thatexpandedthereach

10、ofscienceininnumerabledirection.第二、句子主干結(jié)構(gòu)是：1）系表結(jié)構(gòu)：thescientificrevolution.waslargely.2）that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，先行詞是theimprovementandinventionanduseofaseriesofinstruments第三、詞的處理：Inshort簡而言之theimprovementandinventionanduseofaseriesofinstruments（詞性轉(zhuǎn)換）一系列器具的改進(jìn)、發(fā)明和使用expandedthereachofscienceininnumerabledirection直譯：

11、在難以計(jì)數(shù)的方向擴(kuò)大了科學(xué)的范圍完整的譯文：72）新學(xué)派的一位領(lǐng)袖人物堅(jiān)持說：簡而言之，我們所謂的科學(xué)革命，主要是指一系列器具的改進(jìn)、發(fā)明和使用，而這些改進(jìn)、發(fā)明和使用使科學(xué)發(fā)展無所不及。73）Overtheyears,toolsandtechnologythemselvesasasourceoffundamentalinnovationhavelargelybeenignoredbyhistoriansandphilosophersofscience.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分為三段：Overtheyears,toolsandtechnologythemselvesasasourceoff

12、undamentalinnovation/havelargelybeenignored/byhistoriansandphilosophersofscience.第二、句子主干結(jié)構(gòu)是一個簡單的被動語態(tài)句：toolsandtechnology.havelargelybeenignoredby.主語咅枚分有一個themselves反身代詞asasourceoffundamentalinnovation介詞短語做定語第三、詞的處理：Overtheyears多年來；philosophersofscience科學(xué)思想家們完整的譯文：73）工具和技術(shù)本身作為根本性創(chuàng)新的源泉多年來在很大程度上被歷史學(xué)家和科

13、學(xué)思想家們忽視了。74）Galileosgreatestglorywasthatin1609hewasthefirstpersontoturnthenewlyinventedtelescopeontheheavenstoprovethattheplanetsrevolvearoundthesunratherthanaroundtheearth.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分為三段：Galileosgreatestglorywas/thatin1609hewasthefirstpersontoturnthenewlyinventedtelescopeontheheavens/toprovethat

14、theplanetsrevolvearoundthesunratherthanaroundtheearth.第二、句子主干結(jié)構(gòu)是：1）系表結(jié)構(gòu)Galileosgreatestglorywasthat.2）不定式短語作定語結(jié)構(gòu)thefirstpersontoturn.3）動詞+賓語從句作目的狀語toprovethat.第三、詞的處理：turnthenewlyinventedtelescopeontheheavens（介詞on譯成動詞）把新發(fā)明的望遠(yuǎn)鏡對準(zhǔn)天空；ratherthan而不是完整的譯文：74）伽利略的最光輝業(yè)績在于他在1609年第一個把新發(fā)明的望遠(yuǎn)鏡對準(zhǔn)天空，以證實(shí)行星是圍繞太陽旋轉(zhuǎn)而

15、不是圍繞地球旋轉(zhuǎn)的。WhethertheGovernmentshouldincreasethefinancingofpurescienceattheexpenseoftechnologyorviceversaoftendependsontheissueofwhichisseenasthedrivingforce.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分為三段：WhethertheGovernmentshouldincreasethefinancingofpurescienceattheexpenseoftechnologyorviceversa/oftendependsontheissue/ofwhichisseenasthedrivingforce.第二、句子主干結(jié)構(gòu)是：表示選擇意思的從句WhethertheGove