高中英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)語法---冠詞講解

1、第 頁共8頁高三二輪語法復(fù)習(xí)一一冠詞一、定冠詞the.特指。(說話雙方都知道的人或事物。上文提到的人或事物。有修飾限定的詞。)I ate a sandwich while I was waiting for the 20:08 train.I like the color of your skirt. Its a good match for your blouse.I have learned that its taking a long time to become the person I want to be.與名詞相關(guān)的特殊用法世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物the universe ; the

2、 sun ; the moon發(fā)明物Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.樂器(中國民族樂器除外)play the violin身體部位(固定搭配)hit/strike sb on the headhit/strike sb in the faceseize/take sb by the armbe red in the face / be lame in the right leg / be blind in the left eye方位名詞The North is colder than the South.To the

3、northeast of Nanjing lies Yangzhou.計(jì)量單位by the hour / day / dozen / pond / yardAs a rule, domestic servants doing odd jobs are paid by the hour.特例：by weight / size/ timeMeat is sold by weight.普通名詞用作專有名詞a)江河湖海洋、運(yùn)河、山脈、群島、海峽、沙漠the English Channel / the Hawaiian Islands / the Red Seathe Sahara Desert / t

4、he West Lake / the Persian Gulfthe Tian-shan Mountainsb)國家黨派、組織機(jī)構(gòu)、建筑、報(bào)刊、朝代the Capital Airport / the Times / the Song Dynastythe World Trade Center / the Spring and Autumn Period集體名詞前表示階層或整體the working class / the police / the public / the Britishsei-ve the people heart and soul.與形容詞相關(guān)的特殊用法the + adj.

5、表示一類人Dont envy liim. Soon he will be among the unemployed.the morethe more.the +序數(shù)詞&最高級the +比較級，表示二者之最，特定的一個(gè)。He is the taller of the twins. the +姓氏復(fù)數(shù)，表示一家人。The Smiths. in the 1990s.川在 very / only / right / following / same 之前和 just 之后He said he was the only person in his office who was invited to th

6、e ball.固定搭配all over the worldat the beginning / end ofat the same timein the form/shape ofon the phonein the wayon the contraryfor the time beingto the pointin the distancethe other daymake the best / most ofon the spotnot in the leastat the moment二、不定冠詞a/anXa和an的區(qū)別university /useful tool /one-eyed

7、dog /European carhour / an honest boy /X-ray /ugly man /honorl)=one指第一次提到的人或物，表示說話人認(rèn)為沒必要或不需要具體說明是哪 一個(gè)。I will return in a day or two.A square has four sides.=per表示“每一”，用在一些表示時(shí)間、長度、重量等單位的名詞前。He earned 50 dollars an hour as a translator.= the same用在介詞of后面的名詞前表示同一，性。The students standing there are of an

8、 age. (=of the same age)= some/acertain與人名等專有名詞連用,表示“一個(gè)叫的人”、“某一 個(gè)”，表示不定指的情況或類似的一個(gè)。I cant tell you the way to the Wilsons because we dont have a Wilson here in the village.a/an+描述性形容詞+獨(dú)一無二的物質(zhì)名詞或某些抽象名詞或日期、月份、季節(jié)、三餐a full moon / a peaceful world / a new Liaoning / a heavy raina hot summer / a big dinner

9、 / a cold March抽象名詞具體化a preference / a surprise / a failurea/an+序數(shù)詞，表示“又一，再一”。He missed the gold in the high jump, but will get a second chance in the long jump.a/an+比較級，表示“再，更.”；This shirt is too large for me. Would you show me a smaller one?most前用不定冠詞時(shí)，most相當(dāng)于very的意思It is a most difficult job.表示整體

10、。a needle and threada table and chaira knife and forka writer and translator同源賓語live a luxurious lifedream a terrible dreamdie a heroic death固定搭配a great deal ofa number ofall of a suddenfor a whileas a matter of factat a distanceat a speed ofgo for a walkdo a good deedhave a breakhave a fever / temp

11、erature / coldhave a lookin a wordhave a word withmake a livingonce in a whilego on a dietat a losshave a gift forhave a population ofget a lift / ridea pile / flood / mass / series ofa waste of timea matter of life and death三、零冠詞1、不可數(shù)名詞、復(fù)數(shù)名詞表泛指。My father went to his doctor for advice about his diab

12、etes.He like to read autobiographical novels.2、名詞前已經(jīng)有限定詞修飾,in this / her / any / whose等。She is not my type of woman.He went to some place in France.Each student must hand in his exercise book.3、一些名詞前用法口訣月、季、星期、節(jié)假、洲, 稱呼、頭銜、職務(wù)前;三餐、球類、顏色造，學(xué)科、棋類by方式。注：1)在稱呼語前及表示人的職位頭銜身份的名詞在句中做表語，補(bǔ)足語，及同 位語時(shí)不用冠詞。He is dea

13、n of the department.2) Ive marked the corrections in red.3)表示語言時(shí)，區(qū)分languagein English / Germanthe English language4)介詞by后面表示運(yùn)輸、通訊等方式的詞時(shí)不用冠詞。by car / by air / by telegram / by law / by hand試 比較：in the car / according to the law / with ones hand4、不含有普通名詞的專有名詞，如人名、地名、國家名、車站、公園、機(jī)場、街道等。Lincoln Street / T

14、singhua University / Birmingham Airport / Hyde Park5、句式Word came that.turn作系動詞，表示變成。Has he turned scientist? (=become a scientist)sort of / kind of / type of4)成對名詞day after day / day and night / from time to timelittle by little / shoulder to shoulder / hand in hand5)獨(dú)立主格The teacher came in, book in

15、 hand.The teacher came in, a book in his hand.The teacher came in, with a book in his hand.as表示雖然引起的倒裝句Child as he is, he can speak Japanese, French and German.Young girl as she is, she knows a lot about how to behave well.be of + n.This sort of wine is of high quality and sells well all over the wo

16、rld. YouH find this map of great value in helping you to get around London. Its of great significance to learn English well.6、固定搭配come into use / beingput. into practicehave mercy on make progress make use ofpay attention to sentence sb. to death take care oftake pride in take medicine四、冠詞不同意義不同的情況有

17、冠詞表本意，無冠詞表引申意go to the school / go to schoolat the table / at tablego to the church / go to churchgo to the prison / go to prisonin the bed / in bedin the class/ in classin the office / in officein the open / in openleave the school / leave schoolby the sea / by sea有冠詞表被動，無冠詞表主動in the charge of / in charge ofin the possession of / in possession oftake the advice / take advice意義完全不同out of the question / out of questionin the case of / in case ofon the earth / on earthin the front of