GMAT題庫考題及翻譯

1、GMAT題庫考題及翻譯-Argument篇為了方便考生復習，本資料的題目按照網(wǎng)上廣為流傳的方式編號：即按照Official Guide（第十版）的順序編排，刪去的題目（54，56,69,71,90,98,99,103）保持原來的序號。雖然在2006年10月公布的題庫中，刪除了所有2005年新增的題目，但是仔細分析就會發(fā)現(xiàn)這部分題目有相當一部分與最新題庫中的某些題比較相似；另一方面，某些考題在考試中仍會出現(xiàn)，所以本資料保留了這部分題目，供考生參考。目前的題庫（共179道）由三部分組成：1）OG上面的題庫，編號1-139，刪去了八道（54，56,69,71,90,98,99,103），共131道題

2、；2）2005年增加34道題，編號140-1733）2006年增加14題，編號174-1871.The following appeared as part of an annual report sent to stockholders by Olympic Foods, a processor of frozen foods.下文摘自一家奧林匹克食品公司（一家冷凍食品公司）遞交給股東的年度報告?！癘ver time, the costs of processing go down because as organizations learn how to do things better,

3、 they become more efficient. In color film processing, for example, the cost of a 3-by-5-inch print fell from 50 cents for five-day service in 1790 to 20 cents for one-day service in 1984. The same principle applies to the processing of food. And since Olympic Foods will soon celebrate its twenty-fi

4、fth birthday, we can expect that our long experience will enable us to minimize costs and thus maximize profits.” Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument. In your discussion be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence in the argument. For example, you may need to consid

5、er what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking and what alternative explanations or counterexamples might weaken the conclusion. You can also discuss what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument, what changes in the argument would make it more logically sound, and what, if a

6、nything, would help you better evaluate its conclusion. 隨著時間的推移，企業(yè)學會了更好的工作方法，從而提高了效率，因此加工成本逐步下降。以彩色膠卷為例，沖印一張35英寸照片的成本從1970年的50美分并耗時5天降至1984年的20美分，且只需要一天就可以完成。同樣的規(guī)律也適用于食品加工業(yè)。由于奧林匹克食品公司馬上就要舉辦25周年慶典大會了，我們可以憑借長期的從業(yè)經(jīng)歷才實現(xiàn)成本的最小化，從而達到利潤最大化的目標。你覺得這個論證的推理怎么樣？請在你的論述中分析這個論證的推理過程以及所使用的論據(jù)。比如，你需要考慮支持作者觀點的假設是否可疑，有沒

7、有其他解釋或者反例可以削弱這一結論。你也可以討論什么樣的論據(jù)可以加強或者反駁這個論證，對該論證做出怎么樣的改變才能使它更加符合邏輯，以及哪些東西可以幫助你更好地評價這個結論。2. The following appeared in a memorandum from the business department of the Apogee Company.下文摘自Apogee公司業(yè)務部的一份備忘錄?！癢hen the Apogee Company had all its operations in one location, it was more profitable than it is

8、 today. Therefore, the Apogee Company should close down its field offices and conduct all its operations from a single location. Such centralization would improve profitability by cutting costs and helping the company maintain better supervision of all employees.”當Apogee公司的所有業(yè)務集中在一個地方時，它的盈利水平要比現(xiàn)在高。因

9、此，Apogee公司應該關閉在其他地方開設的辦事處，把業(yè)務集中到一個地方。這樣不但可以降低成本，而且有助于公司更有效地監(jiān)控員工，從而全面提高公司的盈利能力。3The following appeared in a memorandum issued by a large citys council on the arts.下文摘自一個大城市藝術委員會發(fā)行的備忘錄?！癐n a recent citywide poll, fifteen percent more residents said that they watch television programs about the visual

10、arts than was the case in a poll conducted five years ago. During these past five years, the number of people visiting our citys art museums has increased by a similar percentage. Since the corporate funding that supports public television, where most of the visual arts programs appear, is now being

11、 threatened with severe cuts, we can expect that attendance at our citys art museums will also start to decrease. Thus some of the citys funds for supporting the arts should be reallocated to public television.”在最近開展的一項全市民意測驗中，回答自己收看視覺藝術類電視節(jié)目的居民比5年前調(diào)查時高出了15個百分點。在過去的五年中，參觀市藝術博物館的人數(shù)也增加了相似的百分點。鑒于由公司贊助的

12、公共電視臺即大多數(shù)視覺藝術節(jié)目播放的地方目前所收到的贊助有可能會大幅削減，我們可以預計，參觀市藝術博物館的人數(shù)也會開始減少。因此，應該從市藝術基金中撥出一部分資金給公共電視臺。4The following appeared in a report presented for discussion at a meeting of the directors of a company that manufactures parts for heavy machinery.下文摘自一份重型機械部件生產(chǎn)公司董事會的討論報告。“The falling revenues that the company

13、is experiencing coincide with delays in manufacturing. These delays, in turn, are due in large part to poor planning in purchasing metals. Consider further that the manager f the department that handles purchasing of raw materials has an excellent background in general business, psychology, and soci

14、ology, but knows little about the properties of metals. The company should, therefore, move the purchasing manager to the sales department and bring in a scientist from the research division to be manager of the purchasing department.” 公司收入的減少和生產(chǎn)的延誤是同時出現(xiàn)的。而延誤的主要原因是采購金屬材料的計劃很糟糕?？紤]到負責原料采購的部門經(jīng)理雖然具有深厚的商

15、業(yè)背景和豐富的心理學、社會學知識，但是對金屬材料的性質(zhì)知之甚少，公式應該將采購經(jīng)理調(diào)到銷售部門，并從研究部門調(diào)一位研究員來擔任采購部門經(jīng)理一職。5The following appeared in an announcement issued by the publisher of the Mercury, a weekly newspaper.下文摘自The Mercury周刊出版商的公告?！癝ince a competing lower-priced newspaper, The Bugle, was started five years ago, The Mercurys circula

16、tion has declined by 10,000readers. The best way to get more people to read the Mercury is to reduce its price below that of The Bugle, at least until circulation increases to former levels. The increased circulation of The Mercury will attract more businesses to buy advertising space in the paper.”

17、 自從五年前The Bugle這份競爭力強、價格低廉的報紙問世以來，The Mercury的發(fā)行量下降了一萬份。使更多的人訂閱The Mercury的最好方法是把它的價格降到The Bugle之下，并且降價至少要持續(xù)到發(fā)行量恢復以前的水平為止。隨著發(fā)行量的增加，The Mercury會吸引更多的企業(yè)來訂購該報紙的廣告版面。6The following appeared as part of an article in magazine devoted to regional life.下文摘自一份區(qū)域生活類雜志上的一篇文章?！癈orporations should look to the ci

18、ty of Helios when seeking new business opportunities or a new location. Even in the recent recession, Helioss unemployment rate was lower than the regional average. It is the industrial center of the region, and historically it has provided more than its share of the regions manufacturing jobs. In a

19、ddition, Helios is attempting to expand its economic base by attracting companies that focus on research and development of innovative technologies.”企業(yè)在尋找新的商機或者新的辦事處時，應該關注Helios市。即使在最近的經(jīng)濟蕭條時期，Helios市的失業(yè)率也比地區(qū)平均水平低。它是該地區(qū)的工業(yè)中心，以前也曾為本地區(qū)創(chuàng)造了非常多的制造就業(yè)機會。另外，Helios正試圖通過吸引那些專注于新技術研發(fā)的公司來拓展自己的經(jīng)濟基礎。7 The followin

20、g appeared in the health section of a magazine on trends and lifestyles.下文摘自一份流行和時尚雜志的健康欄目?！癙eople who use the artificial sweetener aspartame are better off consuming sugar, since aspartame can actually contribute to weight gain rather than weight loss. For example, high levels of aspartame have bee

21、n shown to trigger a craving for food by depleting the brain of a chemical that registers satiety, or the sense of being full. Furthermore, studies suggest that sugars, if consumed after at least 45 minutes of continuous exercise, actually enhance the bodys ability to burn fat. Consequently, those w

22、ho drink aspartame-sweetened juices after exercise will also lose this calorie-burning benefit. Thus it appears that people consuming aspartame rather than sugar are unlikely to achieve their dietary goals.”食用人造甜味劑糖精的人最好直接食用天然糖，因為糖精不但不能減少體重，反而會導致體重增加。比如，高濃度的糖精可以耗盡大腦中某種讓人感覺饜足的化學物質(zhì)，從而引起人們對食物的渴望。另外，研究顯

23、示，如果在連續(xù)運動超過45分鐘以后食用天然糖，將會切實提高人體燃燒脂肪的能力。因此，運動后飲用含糖精的飲料，人體就會失去耗散熱量的益處。由此看來，食用糖精而不是天然糖的人很難達到節(jié)食的目標。8The following appeared in the editorial section of a corporate newsletter.一下內(nèi)容摘自公司簡報的社論部分。“The common notion that workers are generally apathetic about management issues is false, or at least outdated: a

24、recently published survey indicates that 79% of the nearly 1,200 workers who responded to survey questionnaires expressed a high level of interest in the topics of corporate restructuring and redesign of benefits programs.” 通常認為，工人一般對管理事務并不關心。這種觀點即使不是錯誤的，至少也是過時的：最近公布的一項調(diào)查顯示，在回應問卷調(diào)查的近1200名工人中，有79%的人表

25、示對公司重組以及重新設計福利項目這兩個問題很感興趣。9 The following appeared in the opinion column of a financial magazine.以下內(nèi)容摘自某財經(jīng)雜志的意見欄?！?On average, middle-aged consumers devote 39% of their retail expenditure to department store products and services, while for younger consumers the average is only 25%. Since the number

26、 of middle-aged people will increase dramatically within the next decade, department stores can expect retail sales to increase significantly during that period. Furthermore, to take advantage of the trend, these stores should begin to replace some of those products intended to attract he younger co

27、nsumer with products intended to attract the middle-aged consumer.”一般而言，中年消費者的領用消費支出中有39%的錢花在百貨商店和服務項目上，而在年輕的消費者中這一比例平均只有25%。由于中年消費者的數(shù)量在接下來的10年中將急劇增長，百貨商店有望在此期間實現(xiàn)零售銷售額的大幅增長。另外，為了更好地領用這一趨勢，百貨商店應該開始把一些原來以年輕人為購買對象的商品替換成吸引中年消費者的商品。10The following appeared in the editorial section of a local newspaper.以下

28、內(nèi)容摘自一份地方報紙的社論部分。“This past winter, 200 students from Waymarsh State College traveled to the state capitol to protest against proposed cuts in funding for various state college programs. The other 12,000Waymarsh students evidently werent so concerned about their education: they either stayed on the c

29、ampus or left foe winter break. Since the group who did not protest is far more numerous, it is more representative of the states college students than are the protesters. Therefore the state legislature need not heed the appeals of the protesting students.”去年冬天，Waymarsh州立大學有200名學生前往州議會大廈，抗議對各種州立大學項

30、目基金進行削減的提案。另外1.2萬名Waymarsh的學生顯然對他們的教育不太關心：他們不是呆在校園里，就是出去過寒假了。由于未參加抗議的人數(shù)遠多于抗議者，所以他們比抗議者更能代表本州立大學生的意見。因此，州立法機構不必理會抗議學生的呼吁。11 The following appeared in the editorial section of a local newspaper.以下內(nèi)容摘自一份地方報紙的社論部分。“ In the first four years that Montoya has served as mayor of the city of San Perdito, the

31、 population has decreased and the unemployment rate has decreased. Two businesses have closed for each new business that has opened. Under Varro, who served as mayor for four years before Montoya, the unemployment rate decreased and the population increased. Clearly, the residents of San Perdito wou

32、ld be best served if they voted Montoya out of office and reelected Varro.” 在Montoya擔任San Perdito市市長的前四年里，該市人口減少而失業(yè)率上升。每新開一家公司就有兩家公司倒閉。而在Montoya之前Varro擔任市長的4年間，失業(yè)率下降，人口增長。顯然，如果投票讓Montoya下臺，重新選Varro擔任該市的市長，San Perdito市的市長將會得到更好的服務。12 The following appeared as part of a promotional campaign to sell ad

33、vertising space in the Daily Gazette to grocery stores in the Marston area.以下內(nèi)容摘自Daily Gazette向Marston 地區(qū)的雜貨店推銷其廣告頁面的促銷宣傳?！癆dvertising the reduced price of selected grocery items in the Daily Gazette will help you increase your sales. Consider the results of a study conducted last month. Thirty sale

34、 items from a store in downtown Marston were advertised in the Gazatte for four days. Each time one or more of the 30 items were purchased, clerks asked whether the shopper had read the ad. Two-thirds of 200shoppers asked answered in the affirmative. Furthermore, more than half the consumers who ans

35、wered in the affirmative spent over $100 at the store.”在Gazatte Daily上刊登選定商品的減價廣告有助于提高銷售額。不妨參考上個月開展的一項研究的結果。Marston中心區(qū)的一家商店連續(xù)四天在Gazette日報上刊登30中降價商品的廣告。每當有人購買這些降價商品的時候，售貨員就會問他們有沒有看過這則廣告。在接受訪問的200名顧客中有三分之二的人回答說看過，并且回答看過廣告的顧客中有超過一半的人在該店的消費在一百美元之上。13 The following appeared as part of a campaign to sell

36、advertising time on a local radio station to local businesses.以下內(nèi)容摘自一份地方報紙向當?shù)仄髽I(yè)推銷廣告業(yè)務的宣傳資料。 “The Cumquat Caf began advertising on our local radio station this year and was delighted to see its business increase by 10% over last years totals. Their success shows you how you can use radio advertising

37、to make your business more profitable.”Cumquat餐館今年開始在我們本地電臺播放廣告，結果可喜地看到它的業(yè)務比去年的總量增長了10%。他們的成功向您展示了如何利用電臺廣告使您的企業(yè)獲利更多。 14The following appeared as part of a newspaper editorial.以下內(nèi)容更摘自某家報紙的社論?！癟wo years ago Nova High School began to use interactive computer instruction in three academic subjects. The

38、school dropout rate declined immediately, and last years graduates have reported some impressive achievements in college. In future budgets the school board should use a greater portion of the available funds to buy more computers, and all schools in the district should adopt interactive computer in

39、struction throughout the curriculum.”兩年前，Nova高中開始在三門學科中使用互動式計算機教學。該學校的退學率立刻下降，而且去年的畢業(yè)生報告說他們在大學取得了很好的成績。在未來的預算中，校董事會應該在能得到的資金中撥出更多資金用來購買更多的計算機，而且該地區(qū)的所有學校都應該在所有課程中使用互動式計算機教學。15 The following appeared as a part of an advertisement for Adams, who is seeking reelection as governor.以下內(nèi)容摘自Adams力求再次當選為地方長官的

40、廣告宣傳。“Re-elect Adams, and you will be voting for proven leadership in improving the states economy. Over the past year alone, seventy percent of the states workers have had increases in their wages, five thousand new jobs have been created, and six corporations have located their headquarters here.

41、Most of the respondents in a recent poll said they believed that the economy is likely to continue to improve if Adams is reelected. Adamss opponent, Zebulon, would lead our state in the wrong direction, because Zebulon disagrees with many of Adamss economic policies.”再次選舉Adams，并向他投票吧！相關事實已經(jīng)證明他具有改善本

42、州經(jīng)濟的領導能力。僅僅在過去一年的時間內(nèi)，本州有70%的工人工資上漲，新增了5000個工作崗位，另外還有6家公司把他們的總部設在了這里，在最近的一次民意調(diào)查中，大部分的回答者表示，如果Adams再次當選，他們相信經(jīng)濟會持續(xù)發(fā)展。Adams的對手Zebulon會讓我們州地經(jīng)濟誤入歧途，因為Zebulon在很多經(jīng)濟政策問題上和Adams唱反調(diào)。16 The following appeared as part of an article in the education section of a Waymarsh City newspaper.以下內(nèi)容摘自Waymarsh市報教育版的一篇文章。“T

43、hroughout the last two decades, those who earned graduate degrees found it very difficult to get jobs teaching their academic specialties at the college level, Those with graduate degrees from Waymarsh University had an especially hard time finding such jobs. But better times are coming in the next

44、decade for all academic job seekers, including those from Waymarsh. Demographic trends indicate that an increasing number of people will be reaching college age over the next ten years; consequently, we can expect that the job market will improve dramatically for people seeking college-level teachin

45、g positions in their fields.在過去的20年里，獲得學位的研究生們發(fā)現(xiàn)在大學里找一份教授他們學術專長的工作是很困難的。那些從Waymarsh大學獲得研究生學位的人要找到這類工作尤其困難。但是在接下來的10年中國，尋找學術職位的人就業(yè)形勢會有大好轉(zhuǎn)，包括Waymarsh大學的畢業(yè)生。人口統(tǒng)計反映的趣事表明適齡上大學的人數(shù)在未來10年將增加。因此我們可預計，對那些在自身領域內(nèi)尋找大學教學工作的人來說，就業(yè)市場將會有很大改觀。17 The following appeared in an article in a consumer-products magazine.以上內(nèi)

46、容摘自某消費者產(chǎn)品雜志上的一篇文章?！?Two of todays best-selling brands of full-strength prescription medication for the relief of excess stomach acid, Acid-Ease and Pepticaid, are now available in milder nonprescription forms. Doctors have written 76 million more descriptions for full-strength Acid-Ease than for ful

47、l-strength Pepticaid. So people who need an effective but milder nonprescription medication for the relief of excess stomach acid should choose Acid-Ease.”Acid-Ease和Pepticaid是如今最暢銷的兩種用于緩解胃酸過多的強力處方藥，目前它們可以作為輕度非處方藥出售。醫(yī)生開出的強力Acid-Ease藥方要比強力Pepticaid藥方多出7600萬張。所以需要有效但較溫和的非處方藥來治療胃酸過多的人應該選擇Acid-Ease。18 Th

48、e following is an excerpt from a memo written by the head of a governmental department.以下內(nèi)容摘自政府某部門領導所寫的備忘錄。“Neither stronger ethics regulations nor stronger enforcement mechanisms are necessary to ensure ethical behavior by companies doing business with this department. We already have a code of eth

49、ics that companies doing business with this department are urged to abide by, and virtually all of these companies have agreed to follow it. We also know that the code is relevant to the current business environment because it was approved within the last year, and in direct response to specific vio

50、lations committed by companies with which we were then workingnot in abstract anticipation of potential violations, as so many such codes are.”我們既不需要嚴格的道德規(guī)范，也不需要強化執(zhí)行機制來確保和本部門做生意的公司在行為上合乎道德。我們已經(jīng)有了和本部門做生意的公司必須遵守的道德準則，事實上所有這些公司也同意遵循這些準則。我們也知道該準則和當前的經(jīng)濟環(huán)境吻合，因為它是去年被批準的，而且針對的是當時與本部門辦事時公司違規(guī)的實例。和其他規(guī)則有所不同，我們的

51、準則并非抽象地估計可能會出現(xiàn)的違規(guī)行為。19 The following appeared as part of an article in the travel section of a newspaper.以下內(nèi)容摘自某報旅游版上的一篇文章。“Over the past decade, the restaurant industry in the country of Spiessa has experienced unprecedented growth. This surge can be expected to continue in the coming years, fueled

52、 by recent social changes: personal incomes are rising, more leisure time is available, single-person households are more common, and people have a greater interest in gourmet food, as evidenced by a proliferation of publications on the subject.”在過去的10年中，Spiessa國的餐飲業(yè)經(jīng)歷了前所未有的增長。該增長有望繼續(xù)保持下去，其動力是最近的一些社

53、會變化：個人收入增加，人們的休閑時間增加，單身家庭越來越普遍，人們對美食更感興趣這從美食類出版物的大量發(fā)行中可以看得出來。20 The following appeared in an article in a health and fitness magazine.以下內(nèi)容摘自某健康健身雜志上的一篇文章?！癓aboratory studies show that Saluda Natural Spring Water contains several of the minerals necessary for good health and that it is completely fre

54、e of bacteria. Residents of Saluda, the small town where the water is bottled, are hospitalized less frequently than the national average. Even though Saluda Natural Spring Water may seem expensive dringking it instead of tap water is a wise investment in good health.”實驗室研究表明，Saluda天然礦泉水含有多種健康必須的礦物質(zhì)

55、，且完全無菌。在灌裝此水的Saluda小鎮(zhèn)，居民患病就醫(yī)的頻率低于全國平均水平。盡管Saluda天然礦泉水看似價格不菲，但用它來替代自來水作為飲用水是一項有益健康的明智投資。21 The following appeared as part of an editorial in an industry newsletter.以下內(nèi)容摘自某行業(yè)簡報的社論部分?！?While trucking companies that deliver goods pay only a portion of highway maintenance costs and no property tax on the

56、 highways they use, railways spend billions per year maintaining and upgrading their facilities. The government should lower the railroad companies property taxes, since sending goods by rail is clearly a more appropriate mode of ground transportation than highway shipping. For one thing, trains con

57、sume only a third of the fuel truck would use to carry the same load, making them a more cost-effective and environmentally sound mode of transport. Furthermore, since rail lines already exist, increases in rail traffic would not require building new lines at the expense of taxpaying citizens.”貨車運輸公

58、司只需繳納一部分高速公路養(yǎng)路費，不必為他們使用的公路繳納財產(chǎn)稅，但鐵路公司每年得花幾十億來保養(yǎng)和更新鐵路設施，政府應該降低鐵路公司的財產(chǎn)稅，因為在陸路運輸方面，鐵路貨運比公路貨運更合適，運送相同的貨物時火車所用燃料相當于貨車的三分之一，這一點就使它成為更高效更環(huán)保的運輸方式，此外，由于鐵道線路已經(jīng)存在，增加鐵路交通不需要耗費納稅人的錢。22 The following appeared in the editorial section of a newspaper.以下內(nèi)容摘自某報紙的社論部分?！癆s public concern over drug abuse has increased,

59、authorities have become more vigilant in their efforts to prevent illegal drugs from entering the country. Many drug traffickers have consequently switched from marijuana, which is bulky, or heroin, which has a market too small to justify the risk of severe punishment, to cocaine. Thus enforcement e

60、fforts have ironically resulted in an observed increased in the illegal use of cocaine.”隨著公眾對吸毒問題越來越關注，當權者在防止非法毒品進入國內(nèi)這方面提高了警惕。許多毒販子已經(jīng)從販賣大麻和海洛因轉(zhuǎn)向販賣可卡因，因為大麻體積太大，而海洛因市場太小，冒風險不合算。這樣一來，具有諷刺意義的是，當權者大力加強對毒品的監(jiān)管力度反而導致了可卡因的非法使用者明顯增多。23 The following appeared in a speech delivered by a member of the city counc