關(guān)系代詞基本用法（鳳山書屋）

1、 GrammarThe Attributive Clause(關(guān)系代詞之基本用法)1陽(yáng)山書屋c The Attributive Clause（定語(yǔ)從句） 1. 概念: 在復(fù)合句中， 修飾名詞或代詞的句子叫做定語(yǔ)從句。 被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞。 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫做關(guān)系詞。She is an English teacher who likes traveling.定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞先行詞結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+定語(yǔ)從句2陽(yáng)山書屋cShe is an English teacher who likes traveling.定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞先行詞結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞:1.關(guān)系代

2、詞: 2.關(guān)系副詞:whichthat、whowhomwhose when wherewhy2.關(guān)系詞的三大作用：1）. 連接主從句2）. 替代先行詞（關(guān)系詞=先行詞）3）. 在從句中做成分意義3陽(yáng)山書屋c關(guān)系代詞先行詞從句成分例句who人主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)The man who I met today told me to come back.The reporter who is talking to the worker is famous.whom 人賓語(yǔ)The girl whom I met looks like Lily.that人；物主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)She is the person that I

3、 want to see.The boy that has just left here is my brother.which 物主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)This is a book which was written by Hemingway.The pen which you lent me is lost.whose 人；物定語(yǔ)The room whose window is red is mine.This is the scientist whose name is John Nash.4陽(yáng)山書屋c關(guān)系代詞- that that : 既可指人，也可指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ),且作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略.

4、 A plane is a machine that can fly. The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious. Who is the man that is reading a book ? The girl (that) we saw yesterday was Betty. 5陽(yáng)山書屋c關(guān)系代詞- which which: 指物,在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ) or賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略. I lost the book which you gave me. This is our school which is very beautiful.6陽(yáng)山書屋c

5、(一)只能用that不能用which 當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞時(shí)all/none/anything/nothing/everythingAll that can be done must be done.We should make use of everything that is useful.7陽(yáng)山書屋c(一)只能用that不能用which的情形 當(dāng)先行詞被 all/little/few/much/some/any/no/every 修飾時(shí)All the students that are studying in our class are from Guangdong province.8陽(yáng)

6、山書屋c當(dāng)先行詞被最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞以及 the only / the very 修飾時(shí)This is the only book that I can find in my desk.He is the very guy that I want to talk to.The first thing that you should do is to eat sth.(一)只能用that不能用which 9陽(yáng)山書屋c 當(dāng)主句前以which / who 開頭 的特殊疑問詞時(shí) (避免重復(fù))Who is the girl that is standing over there?Which ball is

7、the one that belongs to Mike?(一)只能用that不能用which的情形 10陽(yáng)山書屋c(一)只能用that不能用which 5 當(dāng)先行詞同時(shí)指物和人時(shí), 只能用that.We are talking about the people and the things that we have visited in the county.11陽(yáng)山書屋cSummary: 只能用that的情況1. 先行詞既有指人又有指物2. 當(dāng)先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)， 有the only, the very 等修飾時(shí)3. 先行詞是all, much, anything, some

8、thing, nothing等不定代詞時(shí)4. 主句是以who/which開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)12陽(yáng)山書屋c(二)只能用which不能用that which可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 ， that不能The recorder ,which I paid 200 dollars, proves to be very useful.Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous.13陽(yáng)山書屋c which之前可以有介詞，而that不能I will never forget the school in which we studied together. This is

9、 the question about which they are discussing.(二)只能用which不能用that的情形14陽(yáng)山書屋cwho: 指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，或賓語(yǔ) 做主語(yǔ)不能省略關(guān)系代詞- who Many people who died in the earthquake were children. The person who has little hair is Mr. Zhang.15陽(yáng)山書屋c(二)只能用who不能用that 先行詞是one, ones, those, anyone,heHe who doesnt work hard will not p

10、ass the exam.16陽(yáng)山書屋c whom: 指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ); 作及物動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)可省略, 但在介詞后不可省略。 關(guān)系代詞- whomThe girl (whom) you saw just now is my sister. The man whom you just talked to/with is Mr.Li. =The man to/with whom you just talked is Mr.Li.類似的短語(yǔ)搭配有: talk about /take care of/ look for/look after/learn from/listen to等17陽(yáng)山書屋c(

11、二)只能用whom不能用who當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.18陽(yáng)山書屋c(二)能位于介詞后的關(guān)系代詞Which I will never forget the school in which we studied together.whom. The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.19陽(yáng)山書屋c關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要注意幾點(diǎn)：（1）Whom, which作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞一般可以放在它們的前面，也可以放在從句原來的位置上，但是如果是固定詞組，不能把介詞和動(dòng)詞拆開 There is a

12、room in which you can study.which you study in.Rose is the student whom you should look after/take care of.20陽(yáng)山書屋c關(guān)系代詞who,which, that,在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)必須和先行詞保持一致。Anyone who _ over 20 can join the army.I ,who _ your friend , will help you.isam 21陽(yáng)山書屋c 注意：作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)關(guān)系代詞可省。1.The man who/ I met today told

13、 me to come back.2.The girl whom / I met looks like Lily.3.She is the person that / I want to see.The pen which / you lent me is lost.4.The best work _ she wrote and _ I have read will be made into film.A which; that B that; that C that; / D / ; /22陽(yáng)山書屋c1. This is our monitor whose English is very g

14、ood. 2. I borrowed a book from the library whose name is “War and Peace”. whose : 既可指人也可指物, 在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)關(guān)系代詞- whose23陽(yáng)山書屋cIt is a poor dog.Its heart is broken.It is a poor dog whose heart is broken.24陽(yáng)山書屋cThe man is shouting for help . His house is on fire .The man whose house is on fire is shouting fo

15、r help.25陽(yáng)山書屋cThe girl is being taken to a hospital .Her leg broke in the earthquake .The girl whose leg broke in the earthquake is taken to a hospital . 26陽(yáng)山書屋cThis is the book whose cover is blue.This is the book of which the cover is blue.This is the book the cover of which is blue.I know the gir

16、l whose name is Mary.I know the girl of whom the name is Mary.I know the girl the name of whom is Mary.27陽(yáng)山書屋c總結(jié)：關(guān)系代詞的用法成分先行詞指人先行詞指物主語(yǔ) Do you know the man _ came to see Xiao Yang this morning?I couldnt find the book _was bought yesterday.賓語(yǔ)He is a man_ _we should all learn from.The table _you just s

17、aw is made of plastics.定語(yǔ)Do you know the boy _ parents are on holiday?Ive never been to the room _windows are broken.who /that which /that who /that /whom which /that whosewhose/ / 28陽(yáng)山書屋c怎樣判斷用什么關(guān)系代詞口訣: 前看先行詞, 辯清人或物 后看從句里, 有無主賓語(yǔ)29陽(yáng)山書屋c關(guān)于定語(yǔ)從句的難點(diǎn),和出錯(cuò)點(diǎn).1.定語(yǔ)從句的從句部分出現(xiàn)代替的內(nèi)容.This is the book that I like it

18、 best.2.插入語(yǔ)成分.The beggar who I think is poor is in fact rich.從句部分30陽(yáng)山書屋c定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致問題.1.She is one of the girls who _ praised at the meeting.2.She is the only one of the girls who _ praised at the meeting. ( be ) areis5.在先行詞缺少的情況下,要用the one 來補(bǔ)充它的先行詞,然后確定它的關(guān)系詞This is the factory _ I worked last year.T

19、his factory is _ I worked last year.This factory is _ I visited last year.where/ in which the one where the one that/ /31陽(yáng)山書屋c6.與其他從句和句式的區(qū)別與where 和 when 引導(dǎo)的 狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別.區(qū)別的關(guān)鍵就是:是否有先行詞.This is the school where I studied many years ago.There were a lot of sheep where I lived.I will never forget the day wh

20、en I first went to school.We were about to start when it began to rain. in which on which連詞; 在那里連詞; 就在那個(gè)/就這個(gè)時(shí)候32陽(yáng)山書屋cLets do some exercise!33陽(yáng)山書屋c1.The girl _is standing next to our teacher is her daughter.2. The girl _our teacher is talking with is a famous singer.3. The girl_ mother is a teacher c

21、an speak English very well.4. I cant find the book _is borrowed from the library.5. I cant find the book _you lent to me.who/that/ who/whom/that/ whosewhich/thatthat/which/ 鞏固練習(xí)： 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空34陽(yáng)山書屋c1.This is all_I know about the matter. A.that B.what C.who D.whether2.Is there anything else_you want? A.

22、which B.that C.who D.what3.The last place _we visited was the Great Wall. A.which B.that C.where D. itChoose the best answers:35陽(yáng)山書屋c10. Please take the second chair_is over there. A. where B. which C. who D. that 11.Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B./ C.which D.it 12.Finally, the

23、thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police（NMET98) A. which B. what C. whatever D. that 36陽(yáng)山書屋c14. I dont like _ you speak to her. A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which37陽(yáng)山書屋c15. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we expected. A. what B. w

24、hich C. that D. it38陽(yáng)山書屋c1. This is the bag _ my mother bought yesterday. A. that B. who C. whom D. this 2.I know the student _you borrowed the pen.A. that B. from whom C. from which D. whom3. Is this the factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday? A. the one B. which C. who D. whom4. Is this fac

25、tory _ a lot of students visited yesterday? A. the one B. that C. which D. /練一練！39陽(yáng)山書屋c1.The man _ I saw told me to wait.2.The man to _ I spoke was a foreigner.3. I know a boy _ father is an acrobat. (雜技演員)4. He saw a house _ windows were all broken.Fill in the blanks with who, whom, whose, which and that.whowhomwhosewhosewhom40陽(yáng)山書屋cLets do some exercise!Make sentences with the expressions and pictures.41陽(yáng)山書屋cthe ship/was the most beautiful in the world at that timeTita