第二章企業(yè)的外部環(huán)境分析ppt課件

1、Business School, SDJUChinese-English Bilingual Teaching For Logistics & Supply Chain Management Chapter 9. Logistics/Supply-Chain Management姜 陣 劍jzjBusiness School, SDJUBusiness School, SDJULogistics/Supply-Chain ManagementEvolution and Characteristics of Extended Enterprise 外延/擴(kuò)展型企業(yè)Future Trends in

2、 Supply Chain ManagementManagement Best Practices are EvolvingBusiness School, SDJUtotal supply chain costs consume about 7-12 % of corporate annual revenue across all industries. integrated supply-chain management (一體化的供應(yīng)鏈管理) is now at the epicenter of business transformation.Business School, SDJUE

3、xtended Enterprise 外延/擴(kuò)展型企業(yè)The term extended enterprise represents the concept that a company is made up not just of its employees, its board members, and executives, but also its business partners, its suppliers, and even its customers. The extended enterprise can only be successful if all of the c

4、omponent groups and individuals have the information they need in order to do business effectively. Business School, SDJUExtended Enterprise 外延/擴(kuò)展型企業(yè)true enterprise-strength solutions 企業(yè)實(shí)力的處理方案隨著全球化的開(kāi)展，企業(yè)之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)也日趨猛烈。單個(gè)企業(yè)曾經(jīng)沒(méi)有才干順應(yīng)快速變化的市場(chǎng)，而必需和其它相關(guān)企業(yè)組成嚴(yán)密的協(xié)作同伴關(guān)系，構(gòu)成擴(kuò)展企業(yè)Extended Enterprise，保證競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力優(yōu)勢(shì)互補(bǔ)，來(lái)共同面對(duì)變化

5、的市場(chǎng)和猛烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的對(duì)手。Business School, SDJU1. Evolution and Characteristics of Extended Enterprisethe genesis 來(lái)源of extended enterprise logistics Japanese automobile makers Business School, SDJU精益消費(fèi), Lean Production精益消費(fèi)Lean Production，LP，又稱精良消費(fèi)，其中“精表示精良、準(zhǔn)確、精巧；“益表示利益、效益等等。精益消費(fèi)就是及時(shí)制造，消滅缺點(diǎn)，消除一切浪費(fèi)，向零缺陷、零庫(kù)存進(jìn)軍。精益消費(fèi)的

6、來(lái)源精益消費(fèi)的特點(diǎn)Business School, SDJU1、含義：一體化戰(zhàn)略指企業(yè)以現(xiàn)有運(yùn)營(yíng)領(lǐng)域?yàn)楦祝鶕?jù)物流的方向，不斷地向深度和廣度開(kāi)展，使企業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模擴(kuò)展或在上下游之間擴(kuò)展的一種戰(zhàn)略。2、分類：縱向/垂直一體化戰(zhàn)略 (vertical integration)橫向/程度一體化戰(zhàn)略一體化(生長(zhǎng))戰(zhàn)略Integrative Growth/StrategyBusiness School, SDJU一體化戰(zhàn)略縱向/垂直一體化戰(zhàn)略橫向/程度一體化戰(zhàn)略前向一體化戰(zhàn)略后向一體化戰(zhàn)略一體化(生長(zhǎng))戰(zhàn)略Integrative Growth/StrategyBusiness School, SDJU

7、一體化(生長(zhǎng))戰(zhàn)略Integrative Growth/Strategy競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者供應(yīng)商企業(yè)零售商零售商顧客后向一體化前向一體化程度一體化前向一體化Business School, SDJU供應(yīng)鏈管理橫向一體化的代表借助信息技術(shù)(IT)和管理技術(shù)，將供應(yīng)鏈上業(yè)務(wù)同伴的業(yè)務(wù)流程相互集成，從而有效地管理從原資料采購(gòu)、產(chǎn)品制造、分銷，到交付給最終用戶的全過(guò)程，在提高客戶稱心度的同時(shí)，降低整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的本錢(qián)、提高各企業(yè)的效益。Business School, SDJU橫向一體化外包供應(yīng)鏈供應(yīng)鏈Supply Chain 是在相互關(guān)聯(lián)的部門(mén)或業(yè)務(wù)同伴之間所發(fā)生的物流、資金流和信息流，覆蓋從產(chǎn)品(或效力)設(shè)計(jì)、原資

8、料采購(gòu)、制造、包裝到支付給最終用戶的全過(guò)程。Business School, SDJU1. Evolution and Characteristics of Extended EnterpriseThe best companies:Enjoy an advantage in total supply chain management cost of 3-6 percent of revenueHold 50-80 percent less inventory than their competitorsHave a 40-65 percent advantage in cash-to-cas

9、h cycle time over average companies.Business School, SDJUStage 1:StuntedLogistics PerformerStage 2:Neophyte Logistics PerformerStage 3:InternallyIntegrated PerformerStage 4:ExternallyIntegrated Logistics PerformersLogistics buried at lowest levels of corporate organizations.Stovepiped logistics; eac

10、h function acts in relative autonomyInternal cross-functional teams spanning physical distribution functionsIntercorporate networked logistics teams and shared performance management information systemsLogistics defined as shipping function.Logistics defined as shipping and warehousing functions.Log

11、istics defined as shipping, warehousing, and customer service functions.Logistics defined as total supply-chain integration; Run by shipping clerksRun by military-style logisticiansRun by a chief logistics officerRun by a VP for supply chain供應(yīng)鏈?zhǔn)俏锪鏖_(kāi)展的高級(jí)階段Business School, SDJU2. Future Trends in Suppl

12、y Chain Management Full-spectrum visibility and real-time management Example：Ford Motor Company Business School, SDJU2. Future Trends in Supply Chain Management Total Connectivity 整體連通性Information technology and telecommunicationsThe emergence of the internetInternet-enabled shared information helps

13、 break down organization politics and functional fences, helping supply-chain alliance members 供應(yīng)鏈聯(lián)盟成員 develop a common understanding of the competitive environment. Business School, SDJU2. Future Trends in Supply Chain Management Total ConnectivityAll companiescan benefit from a more open informati

14、on flow by using the information to:Reduce or eliminate unnecessary inventoryImprove their planningDevelop active rather than reactive operationsSmooth product flowsTrim costImprove serviceBusiness School, SDJU2. Future Trends in Supply Chain Management Holistic 整體的, 全盤(pán)的 Supply-Chain Management Meth

15、ods Top management encourages this kind of segmentation and departmentalization Senior executives ability to manage supply-chain costs and therefore the profitability of a company is dependent on their ability to take a holistic approach to the companys operations. Business School, SDJU2. Future Tre

16、nds in Supply Chain Management Global Third-Party Logistics (3PL) ProvidersGlobal logistics companies are now acting as systems integrators for major corporate clients, conducting elaborate, highly sequenced “milk runs to pick up and deliver components and products with a whole host of suppliers and

17、 vendors on an international basis. Business School, SDJU名詞解 釋第一方物流需求方為采購(gòu)而進(jìn)行的物流，如赴產(chǎn)地采購(gòu)、自行運(yùn)回商品。第二方物流供應(yīng)方為了提供商品而進(jìn)行的物流，如供應(yīng)商送貨上門(mén)。 第三方物流由物流的供應(yīng)方和需求方之外的第三方所進(jìn)行的物流。Third-party logistics providers (3PLPs，第三方物流（服務(wù)）商) 第四方物流提供各種物流信息咨詢服務(wù)的企業(yè)。提供各層次物流人才培訓(xùn)服務(wù)的企業(yè)。各方物流的概念Business School, SDJUMilk Run來(lái)自牛奶公司每天清晨挨家挨戶在牧場(chǎng)收買牛奶

18、，送牛奶的工人送牛奶時(shí)拿走一個(gè)空瓶，再放一瓶牛奶。物流配送中常用這樣的方式。牛奶式取貨、循環(huán)取貨，集貨配送，多倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)間巡回裝卸貨混載運(yùn)送，定時(shí)定點(diǎn)取貨。國(guó)內(nèi)最早是汽車制造業(yè)東風(fēng)、上海通用運(yùn)用的一種物料集貨方式。Business School, SDJU2. Future Trends in Supply Chain Management Global Third-Party Logistics ProvidersThe computer company reports a high degree of satisfaction with the arrangement, which allows

19、 the company to:Avoid sunk costs in information systems and ware-housing capacityGain greater market leverage over ocean, air, and surface transportation service providers Achieve greater flexibility in meeting the needs of customers Business School, SDJU2. Future Trends in Supply Chain Management G

20、overnment Trade Facilitation systemsNew trade facilitation systems implemented by national governments have also supported the globalization of supply chains. Singapore The U.S. Customs ServiceDHL World-wide ExpressBusiness School, SDJU3. Management Best Practices are Evolving Managing the extended

21、enterprise will increasingly focus on these three domains of best practice:Physical network managementInformation and knowledge network managementComputer-based infrastructure managementBusiness School, SDJU供應(yīng)鏈構(gòu)造表示圖供應(yīng)商制造商倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)和配送中心客戶：物流：信息流現(xiàn)金流Business School, SDJU供應(yīng)鏈管理與物流管理實(shí)物分銷Physical Distribution物流Lo

22、gistics供應(yīng)鏈Supply Chain供應(yīng)鏈管理的研討是從物流管理研討開(kāi)場(chǎng)的1915年美國(guó)阿奇蕭二站時(shí)期，美國(guó)軍隊(duì)建立后勤Logistics實(shí)際1956年日本引入“物的流通1989年部分性研討整體性、集成性研討B(tài)usiness School, SDJU供應(yīng)鏈管理是物流管理的延伸物流管理有狹義和廣義兩方面的含義：狹義的物流管理指物資的采購(gòu)、運(yùn)輸、配送、貯備等活動(dòng)，是企業(yè)之間的物資流通活動(dòng)。廣義的物流管理包括從原資料到產(chǎn)品整個(gè)消費(fèi)過(guò)程的物料轉(zhuǎn)化過(guò)程，即供應(yīng)鏈管理。供應(yīng)鏈管理是物流管理的延伸供應(yīng)鏈?zhǔn)俏锪鏖_(kāi)展到集約化階段的產(chǎn)物。Business School, SDJU供應(yīng)鏈管理是物流管理的延伸

23、物流貫穿于整個(gè)供應(yīng)鏈。(幾流之一)供應(yīng)鏈強(qiáng)調(diào)的是系統(tǒng)的整合和優(yōu)化。作為一種戰(zhàn)略概念，供應(yīng)鏈也是一種產(chǎn)品，而且是可增值的產(chǎn)品。Business School, SDJU供應(yīng)鏈管理和物流管理的比較 物流一詞最早出現(xiàn)于美國(guó)。 1915年，阿奇肖在一書(shū)中用的是Physical Distribution。 第二次世界大戰(zhàn)以后，物流獲得了長(zhǎng)足的開(kāi)展。物流一詞也逐漸由Physical Distribution演化為L(zhǎng)ogistics。 美國(guó)物流管理理事會(huì)Council of Logistics Management的定義。Business School, SDJU供應(yīng)鏈概念的提出要比物流晚得多1982年，凱思奧立夫Keith R. Oliver和麥考爾威波爾Michael D. Webber在雜志上發(fā)表了，初次提出“供應(yīng)鏈管理的說(shuō)法。供應(yīng)鏈管理的出現(xiàn)源于對(duì)物流管理的研討。從這個(gè)意義上講，供應(yīng)鏈管理是物流管理的開(kāi)展和延續(xù)。尤其是現(xiàn)代物流一體化的提出，更使得物流管理和供應(yīng)鏈管理的研討領(lǐng)域和研討方法雷同。Business School, SDJU供應(yīng)鏈管理與物流管理的區(qū)別首先，供應(yīng)鏈管理不僅包括對(duì)于供應(yīng)鏈中物流的管理，還包括對(duì)于商流、信息流和資金流的管理。其次，戰(zhàn)略聯(lián)盟的出