醫(yī)學(xué)免疫學(xué)英文版教學(xué)課件：Chapter 2 Modern Immunology and its development strategies

1、Chapter 2 Modern Immunology and its development strategiesContentBasic concepts of ImmunologyFunction of ImmunityInnate immunity and adaptive immunitySection I Basic Concepts of Immunology(1)Immunity is a reaction to foreign substances, including microbes, as well as to macromolecules such as protei

2、ns and polysaccharides, regardless of the physiologic or pathologic consequence of such a reaction. Recognize “self” or “non-self”Immunity is normally beneficial to the bodySometimes is harmful(2) Immune system: The organs, cells and molecules responsible for immunity constitute the immune system.(3

3、) Immune response The collective and coordinated response of immune system to the introduction of foreign substances is called immune response. Section II Functions of ImmunityImmunologic DefenceImmunologic HomeostasisImmunologic SurveillanceFunctionPhysiological(advantageous)Pathological(harmful)im

4、munologic defenseResistance to pathogenhypersensitivity/ immunological deficient diseaseimmunologic homeostasisClearance of foreign Ag or damaged cellAutoimmunediseaseimmunologic surveillanceClearance of mutant cellTumor； persistent infectionPhysiological and pathological representation of Immunity

5、Section III Innate immunity and adaptive immunityDefense against microbes is mediated by the early reactions of innate immunity and the later responses of adaptive immunity. I. Innate immunity ( natural immunity, native immunity/ non-specific immunity )Innate immunity: Innate immunity refers to the

6、protection against infections, which relies on the mechanism that exists before infection. It could initiate a rapid response to microbes, and react in y the same way to repeated infections. Innate immunity is the first line of defense against microbes.monocytes and macrophages1. CharacteristicsNatu

7、ral existenceNonspecific Early responseHereditable No immune memory 2. Components of innate immune system Physical/mechanical barriers : skin, mucus, blood-brain barriers, placental barrierchemical barriers: complement, cytokines, lysozymePhagocytic cells(macrophages,nertrophiles) and NK cellsMolecu

8、les in humor : cytokines , lysozmes, complement , etc.II.Adaptive immunity( acquired immunity/specific immunity) 1.Charactrastic of Adaptive Immunity Acquired (set up after birth ) Specificity Transfered Self-limitation Immune memoryThe specificityof the antibody is determinedbefore theantigen isenc

9、ounteredThere are manydifferent B cells.Each has anantibodywith a unique specificity.AntigenbindingProliferationof that B cell is calledclonal expansion2 Types of adaptive immunity Cellular immunity: T cell Humoral immunity: B cell 3. The process of immune responseRecognition of antigensActivation o

10、f lymphocytesEffector phase of immune response -Elimination of antigens 1) Recognition of antigens .APC present Ag to T/B cells .T/B cells recognis Ag by TCR/BCR T cell receptor(TCR)B cell receptor(BCR)2) Activation of lymphocytesActivationProliferation (clone expansion )Differentiation memory T/B cells (Tm/Bm)3) Effector phaseCell medicated immunity (CMI) CD4+ T cell：Th cells CD8+ T cells: Tc cells/CTL Humaral immunity (HI) plasma cell Ab 4 . The law of adaptive immune response the Law of primary and