豬肺炎支原體的免疫時(shí)機(jī)及疫苗的選擇課件

1、豬肺炎支原體的免疫時(shí)機(jī)及疫苗的選擇先靈葆雅動(dòng)物保健市場(chǎng)技術(shù)部榮 強(qiáng)1Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae豬支原體肺炎(Mycoplasma pneumonia of swine MPS)Enzootic Pneumonia (EP)2M. hyo Disease豬支原體肺炎First isolated from pig lungs in 19651965年首次在豬肺臟中分離One of the most common and economically important diseases最普遍和經(jīng)濟(jì)意義重大的疾病之一A complex interaction between M.

2、hyo and other bacterial and viral infections, and poor management and ventilation.主要損失是支原體和其它細(xì)菌病毒的混合感染、飼養(yǎng)管理不善、通風(fēng)不良等綜合因素所致。3M. hyo DiseaseOne of the primary pathogens causing Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex (PRDC)引起PRDC 的原發(fā)病原之一Affects as many as 99% of U.S. herds99的美國(guó)豬群都有感染W(wǎng)orld-wide significance

3、世界范圍內(nèi)養(yǎng)豬生產(chǎn)中流行4M. hyo diseaseEconomic effects are extremely variable between herds. 不同豬群的經(jīng)濟(jì)影響差異較大Dependent on cost of inputs, price of pigs, other diseases, etc.取決于投入的成本、豬價(jià)、其它疾病的情況等。A MOVING TARGET.5M. hyo DiseaseReduced average daily gain (ADG)降低日增重Reduced feed efficiency (FE)降低飼料報(bào)酬Increased medicati

4、on costs增加藥物成本Increased cull or light-weight pigs增加淘汰或低體重的豬Etc.67M. hyo Economic LossesM. hyo decreased growth rate 12.7% and decreased feed efficiency by 13.8% (Pointon, et al,1985)肺炎支原體可降低生長(zhǎng)率12.7%和飼料報(bào)酬13.8%8M. hyo diseaseTransmission between pigs: aerosol and direct contact豬之間傳播途徑：空氣和直接接觸Transmiss

5、ion between farms: movement of infected pigs 豬場(chǎng)之間傳播方式：感染豬的移動(dòng)Aerosol between farms: Britain 3.2 km豬場(chǎng)之間傳播距離：3.2公里9M. hyo DiseaseClinical signs include:臨床癥狀chronic cough (often dry or nonproductive)慢性咳嗽（通常是干咳）high morbidity and low mortality高發(fā)病率和低死亡率uneven groups of pigs豬群內(nèi)生長(zhǎng)不整齊10M. hyo diseasePeak pre

6、valence in Finisher because of:在育肥期多發(fā)的原因：Long incubation period：潛伏期長(zhǎng)Slow spread傳播緩慢Increased animal density養(yǎng)殖密度加大Presence of other organisms其他致病菌的出現(xiàn)11M. hyo PathogenesisM. hyo colonizes cilia of trachea and bronchi.paralyzing then tangling, splitting and breaking cilia.reducing normal function of mu

7、cociliary apparatus.支原體定植在氣管和支氣管纖毛上，導(dǎo)致纖毛纏繞折斷、脫落，從而降低了粘液纖毛的正常功能。12Only attaches to tracheobronchial ciliaA mucosal pathogen131415M. hyo PathogenesisThere is also evidence of impaired Alveolar macrophage function (Caruso and Ross, 1990)破壞肺泡巨嗜細(xì)胞的功能 1617M. hyo DiseaseSecondary bacterial infections:繼發(fā)細(xì)菌感

8、染Pasteurella multocida多殺性巴氏桿菌Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae胸膜肺炎放線桿菌Streptococcus suis鏈球菌Haemophilus parasuis副嗜血桿菌 Generally seen as respiratory distress or “thumping”18M.hyo DiseaseThere are also interactions with several viruses including Swine Influenza Virus, Pseudorabies (PRV), PRRS，PCVII還和幾種病毒

9、相互作用，其中包括豬流感病毒、偽狂犬病毒、藍(lán)耳病病毒、圓環(huán)病毒II型192021Mycoplasma hyopneumonia: Control and Prevention豬支原體肺炎的控制與防治22M. hyo Control and PreventionMedication藥物Management管理Vaccination免疫23M. hyo MedicationAntibiotics have shown mixed results in field conditions and are used mostly to control secondary infections.田間條件下

10、，抗生素的效果表現(xiàn)不一，主要用于控制繼發(fā)感染。24M. hyo MedicationLincomycin: results inconsistent林可霉素Tiamulin: results inconsistent支原凈Quinolones: show some promise喹喏酮類Florfenicol: shows some promise紐弗羅Aivlosin: results are good愛樂新25M. hyo MedicationOne problem with any medication program is that once the medication is rem

11、ovedthe disease can begin to cause problems again.一旦停藥，疾病復(fù)發(fā)26M. hyo Prevention and ControlManagement factors are important管理十分重要All-in/all-out production is probably the single most important management technique全進(jìn)全出是最好的管理方式No more than 3 weeks spread in age年齡差距不要超過3周Medicated Early Weaning (MEW) ha

12、s been shown to help control the MPS disease早期藥物斷奶有一定幫助27M. hyo Prevention and ControlManagement factors (continued)Segregated Early Weaning (SEW) has shown merit早期隔離斷奶也有一定好處Vaccination免疫Optimize density and proper ventilation合理化密度，保持良好通風(fēng)28M. hyo Prevention and ControlKey to an effective program to

13、control PRDC (Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex) is an effective M. hyo vaccine控制PRDC有效措施的關(guān)鍵是使用有效的支原體疫苗29M. hyo VaccinesBecause the exact antigenic epitopes responsible for immunity are not well understood, whole-cell vaccines are best.因?yàn)檫€不清楚決定免疫力的具體抗原決定部位，所以全細(xì)胞疫苗是最好的。30Western Blot Analysis免疫印記分析

14、M+Pac preserves 15 proteins安百克保留了15種抗原蛋白Product A preserves 11 proteinsA產(chǎn)品保留了11種抗原蛋白Products B and C preserve 8 proteinsB和C產(chǎn)品保留了8種抗原蛋白31M+PAC 安百克擁有全世界最多的豬支原體抗原 Pfizer Intervet Fort Dodge M+PAC 32M. hyo VaccinesAlso, because long-lasting immunity is important, it is our belief that an effective M. hy

15、o vaccine should have an improved oil adjuvant.此外，長(zhǎng)久免疫力是重要的，良好的油佐劑是支原體疫苗必須的。33Vaccine Adjuvants疫苗佐劑34Vaccine Adjuvants疫苗佐劑Aluminum Hydroxide (AH)氫氧化鋁Water-in-oil (W/O)油包水Oil-in-water (O/W)水包油35Aluminum Hydroxide氫氧化鋁Low viscosity粘度低Mild to no reactions溫和無刺激Immediate response免疫反應(yīng)迅速Short-lived immunity

16、免疫期短36Water-in-Oil (W/O)油包水More oil = more viscosity粘度高M(jìn)ore irritation刺激大More pain疼痛More stress應(yīng)激大37Oil-in-Water (O/W)水包油More modern最新型At least as effective as W/O與油包水效果相同Less oil = lower viscosity低粘度Less irritation刺激小Less pain疼痛少Less stress (pigs and people)應(yīng)激小38 M. hyo Vaccine AdjuvantsM+PAC SPAH

17、O/W+AHRespisure Pfizer O/W,Lecithin卵磷脂Respifend Fort Dodge AHIngelvac MH Nobl/BI W/OPorcilis Intervet AHHyoresp Merial AH39Introducing new M+Pac40Check other mycoplasma vaccines against the advantages of M+Pac:Reduced lung lesionsLess coughingHigher antibody titersHigher cell-mediated immunityExclus

18、ive Emunade adjuvant1 ml administration41Emunade, a revolutionary new dual-action adjuvant革命性的雙相佐劑The key to M+Pacs superior performance安百克優(yōu)良性能的關(guān)鍵Faster acting, longer lasting速效、長(zhǎng)效Excellent syringeability良好的通針性42Emunade, Aluminum Hydroxide plus Oil-in water氫氧化鋁水包油Fast acting速效Long lasting長(zhǎng)效Stimulate

19、s strong cell-mediated immunity刺激堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的細(xì)胞介導(dǎo)免疫力43Oil globules in Emunade contain antigen both inside droplet and on droplet surface. Surface antigen prompts rapid immune response.4445Antigen inside is released gradually as oil droplets break down over time. This gradual release allows Emunade to deliver

20、 prolonged immunity.4647Vaccination Schedules免疫程序Timing (Later is better?)時(shí)機(jī)One-dose vs. Two-dose一針還是二針Sow Vaccination母豬免疫48Vaccination Timing免疫時(shí)機(jī)Later is Better.Why?越晚越好Maternal Antibody Interference母源抗體干擾Protection needs to last for entire finishing period保護(hù)力需要持續(xù)整個(gè)育肥期49Lung Scores After Vaccinatio

21、n of Maternal Antibody Pigs At 4 And 6 Weeks of Age5.95.818.8005101520% of lung lesions4 weeks6 weeksNonvaccNon-Chall* Significantly lower than nonvaccinated, P 3rd Parity sows經(jīng)產(chǎn)3次的母豬抗體滴度下降。Decreased Sow to Pig Shedding?能減少母豬對(duì)仔豬的散毒嗎？55Sow Vaccination母豬免疫If sow herd is vaccinated, especially pre-farrowing, then it is even more important to vaccinate pigs later.如果母豬免疫，尤其在產(chǎn)前免疫，仔豬則免疫更嘉推遲。56M+Pac安百克Convenient dosage schedule方便的劑量1 ml dose at 7-to-10 days o