動(dòng)詞不定式(TheInfinitive)學(xué)案

1、Life can only be understood backward, but it must be lived forwards. 譯為:Unit 1 復(fù)習(xí)不定式(Revise the Infinitive )學(xué)案主備：王曉萍審核：高二英語(yǔ)組Learning aims: Use the Infinitive correctly.Learning methods Task-based learning self-preview co-operative learningLearning ProceduresI.不定式是動(dòng)詞的一種非限定形式，由“to動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句中

2、不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ).但不定式具有 名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，在句中 可以作、狀語(yǔ)等。I）劃出并辨別下面不定式或其短語(yǔ)在句子中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?：It is difficult to know what the future holds.To look after my pets properly takes a lot of time.My ambition is to work for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up.I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feel

3、ing sorry for myself.If I have a chance to say one thing to healthy children, it would be this: having a disability does not mean your life is not satisfying.A big company has decided to buy it from me.My fellow students have begun to accept me for who I am.I have had to work hard to live a normal l

4、ife.9. We must call on local government to give financial assistance to disabled people.10. In many ways my disability has helped me grow stronger psychologically and become more independent.II.動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的特點(diǎn)及作用。常見(jiàn)的形式如表所示(以及物動(dòng)詞do為例)，不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一M式進(jìn)行式/完成式完成進(jìn)行式/m【觀察并區(qū)分】動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的不同:1、動(dòng)名

5、詞與不定式的區(qū)別：動(dòng)名詞表達(dá)的是： 狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)，心境，經(jīng)常性， 抽象，已發(fā)生的不定式表達(dá)的是： 目的，結(jié)果，原因， ,具體， t st2、有些動(dòng)詞如 begin, start, continue, like, love, dislike, hate, prefer, can接不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，意義基本相同。例句解析It began to rain. It began raining.It was beginning to snow.I love lying (to lie)on my back.I like listening to music, but todayI don t like

6、 to.I don t prefer to swim in the river no1意思無(wú)差別，但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用進(jìn)行時(shí)，后面只跟2表示一種傾向多接 作賓語(yǔ)，3如果表示某一特定的或具體的行M動(dòng)，多接白IV.3、有些動(dòng)詞如remember, forget, regret, try 接不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，意義大 相徑庭。例句解析1. I remember to meet her at the station.1. remember to do sth.I remember seeing her once somewhere.remember doing sth.2. I forgot giving

7、it to you yesterday.2. forget to do sth.I forgot to tell you about it. Now here it is.forget doing sth.3. I regret not having working hard.3. regret to do sth.I regret to hear of your sisters deatht doing sth.4. Try knocking at the back door.4. try to do sth.We must try to get everything ready.try d

8、oing sth5. That will mean flooding some land.5. mean to do sth.I had meant to go on Monday.mean doing sth.特殊結(jié)構(gòu) want, require, need例句解析These desks need repairing.These desks need to be repaired. The patient required examined The patient required to be examined.need doing=_want doing=_需要被做 =require to

9、 be done【實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練】1.such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.A. Having sufferedB. SufferingC. To sufferOne learns a language by making mistakes andthemA. correctB. correctingC. correctsThe pictureon the wall is painted by my nephewA. having hungB. hangingC

10、. hangsDon t forgetthe letter .A. to sendB. sendC. sendingThe chair looks very old, but in fact it is very comfortable toA. sitB. sit onC. be satIsnecessary to return the book tomorrow ?A. thisB. thatC. itD.I m afraid they would not allow himhere .A. to smokeB. smokingC. smokesDMother told methe wat

11、er before I drank it .D. SufferedD .to correctD. being hungD. being sent .D. be sat onwhich,smoke9.101A. boilingB. boiledC. boilD. to boilOn my way home, I stoppedsome food .A. buyB. to buyC. buyingD. bought).John was madethe car for a week as a punishment .A. to washB. washingC. washD. to be washin

12、gThe sitting- room needs, but it ll have to wait until SaturdayA. be cleaningB. to be cleanedC. cleanD. being cleaned歸納本節(jié)課你的收獲：Life can only be understood backward, but it must be lived forwards.只有向后看才能理解生活，但要生活好，則必須向前看。答案：Unit 1 復(fù)習(xí)不定式（Revise the Infinitive ）學(xué)案I.在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。I）劃出并辨別下面

13、不定式及其短語(yǔ)在句子中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑篒t is difficult to know what the future holds.（作主語(yǔ)）To 100k after my pets properly takes a lot of time.（作主語(yǔ)）My ambition is to work for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up.（作表語(yǔ)）I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling sorry for myself. （作定 語(yǔ)）If I ha

14、ve a chance to say one thing to healthy children, it would be this: having a disability does not mean your life is not satisfying.（作定語(yǔ)）A big company has decided to buy it from me.（作賓語(yǔ)）My fellow students have begun to accept me for who I am.（作賓語(yǔ)）I have had to work hard to live a normal life.（作狀語(yǔ)）We m

15、ust call on local government to give financial assistance to disabled people.（作狀語(yǔ)）In many ways my disability has helped me grow stronger psychologically and become more independent1作賓補(bǔ)）動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的特點(diǎn)及作用。常見(jiàn)的形式如表所示（以及物動(dòng)詞do為例），不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)1被動(dòng)一M式to doto be done進(jìn)行式to be doing/完成式to have doneto have

16、 been done完成進(jìn)行式to have been doing/m動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別:1、動(dòng)名詞與不定式的區(qū)別：動(dòng)名詞表達(dá)的是： 狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)，心境，抽象，經(jīng)常性，已發(fā)生的不定式表達(dá)的是： 目的，結(jié)果，原因，具體，一次性，將發(fā)生的t st2、有些動(dòng)詞如 begin, start, continue, like, love, dislike, hate, prefer, can接不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，意義基本相同。例句解析1. It began to rain. It began raining.1意思無(wú)差別，但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用進(jìn)行2. It was beginning to sn

17、ow.時(shí)，后面只跟不定式白3. I love lying （to lie）on my back.2表示一種傾向多接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，4. I like listening to music, but today3如果表示某一特定的或具體的行I don t like to.5. I don t prefer to swim in the river no動(dòng)，多接小定式口 w.3、有些動(dòng)詞如remember, forget, regret, try 接不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，意義大相徑庭。例句解析I remember to meet her at the station.I remember seein

18、g her once somewhere.I forgot giving it to you yesterday.I forgot to tell you about it. Now here it is.I regret not having working hard.I regret to hear of your sisterTry knocking at the back door.We must try to get everything ready.That will mean flooding some land.I had meant to go on Monday.remem

19、ber to do sth.記住要做的事remember doing sth.回顧過(guò)去發(fā)生的事forget to do sth.忘記要做的事forget doing sth.忘記做過(guò)的事regret to do sth.對(duì)將要做的事抱歉s degrh1t doing sth.對(duì)發(fā)生過(guò)的事后悔try to do sth.設(shè)法 ，試圖try doing sth.試試看，試一試mean to do sth.打算做，想要mean doing sth.忌味著，就是特殊結(jié)構(gòu) want, require, need例句解析These desks need repairing.1. need doing= n

20、eed to be done 需要被做These desks need to be repaired.2. want doing= want to be doneThe patient required examined3. require doing= require to be doneThe patient required to be examined.【實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練】 參考答案 1.A 2.B 3.B 4.A5.B 6.C 7.A 8.D 9.B 10.A11.B動(dòng)詞式適用學(xué)科英語(yǔ)適用年級(jí)初三適用區(qū)域江蘇地區(qū)及全國(guó)通用課時(shí)時(shí)長(zhǎng)（分鐘）1課時(shí)/60分鐘知識(shí)點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞不7E式作主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞不定式作

21、表語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞不TE式作定語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ) 及物動(dòng)詞+疑問(wèn)詞+不定式 動(dòng)詞不定式省略to的情況 只能接不定式的動(dòng)詞教學(xué)目標(biāo)知識(shí)：1、掌握動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)、 表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)的用法。2、掌握動(dòng)詞不定式與特殊疑問(wèn)詞連用的用法3、掌握省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式的用法方法：要牢記動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能，并能靈活運(yùn)用。能力：1、能正確判斷動(dòng)詞不定式在句中所作的成分。2、能通過(guò)具體語(yǔ)境的分析，正確地使用動(dòng)詞不定式。教學(xué)重點(diǎn)1、動(dòng)詞不定式在句中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。2、常見(jiàn)的后接動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)詞3、動(dòng)詞不定式與特殊疑問(wèn)詞連用教學(xué)難點(diǎn)

22、1、動(dòng)詞不定式做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)（it作形式主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)）的用法2、省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式教學(xué)過(guò)程一、復(fù)習(xí)預(yù)習(xí)教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)上節(jié)課所學(xué)的知識(shí)，（以提問(wèn)、回顧的形式進(jìn)行），針對(duì)上節(jié)課的作業(yè)進(jìn)行講評(píng)、訂正、答疑，并通過(guò)對(duì)常見(jiàn)的后接不定式的動(dòng)詞的總結(jié)與分析導(dǎo)入本節(jié)課所要學(xué)習(xí) 的動(dòng)詞不定式。二、知識(shí)講解知識(shí)點(diǎn)1 :動(dòng)詞不定式的概述.動(dòng)詞不定式的基本形式是“tO動(dòng)詞原形”，有時(shí)可以不帶to,其否定形式是 “not（+to）域詞原形。動(dòng)詞不定式（或不定式短語(yǔ)）沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句子中不能作謂語(yǔ)。.動(dòng)詞不定式仍保留動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，即可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式同它的賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)。.動(dòng)詞不定式具有名

23、詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，因此在句子中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。知識(shí)點(diǎn)2:動(dòng)詞不定式主動(dòng)式的句法功能1、動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)【考查點(diǎn)】 當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。如：To say something is one thing; to do it is another.說(shuō)是一回事，做是另一回事。To help animals is helping people.幫助動(dòng)物就是幫助人【考查點(diǎn)】 當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式在句子中做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常使用it作形式主語(yǔ)而真正主語(yǔ)則是不定式或不定式短語(yǔ)，以使句子保持平衡。如：Its so nice to hear your voice. 聽(tīng)至

24、U你的聲音真高興。Its very kind of you to help us.他幫助我們，他真好。【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)】Its for sb.+ to do 和 Its of sb.+ to do由于表語(yǔ)形容詞性質(zhì)的不同，導(dǎo)致了不定式邏輯主語(yǔ)標(biāo)志用for或of的區(qū)別。for sb.句型中的形容詞一般為表示事物的特征特點(diǎn)，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy, hard,difficult, interesting, impossible 等：如：Its very hard for him to study two languages. 對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)學(xué)兩門外語(yǔ)是很難的。of sb句型中的形容詞一般為表示性格，品

25、德，心智能力，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如 good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right 。如：Its very nice of you to help me.你來(lái)幫助我，你真是太好了。2、動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)不定式可放在be動(dòng)詞后面，形成表語(yǔ)。如：My work is to clean the room every day. 我的工作是每天清掃房間。His dream is to be a doctor.他的夢(mèng)想是成為一名醫(yī)生。3、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)【考查點(diǎn)】 動(dòng)詞 ask, agree, choose, decide, expect, force, fail

26、, hope, learn,manage,offer, plan, prepare, promise, refuse, want, wish 等要接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。如：She has decided to go to Guangzhou tomorrow.她已經(jīng)決定明天去廣州。No one can afford to buy such an expensive suit.沒(méi)有人能擔(dān)負(fù)起買如此昂貴的服裝。【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)】 在find, think后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用 it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而將真正的賓語(yǔ)放在 后面。如：I find it easy to read English every day.我

27、發(fā)現(xiàn)每天讀英語(yǔ)很容易。4、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)有的動(dòng)詞后接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)；有的動(dòng)詞后接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式?！究疾辄c(diǎn)】 能以帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：ask, allow , warn, tell, invite , force,wish, want, would like , expect, encourage, advise, order 等。例如：Would you like me to help you? 你要我?guī)兔?？Father will not allow us to play on the street.父親不會(huì)允許我們?cè)诮稚贤娴?。【考查點(diǎn)】 用不帶to的不定式

28、作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有see, hear, watch , notice , feel, let, have,make 等?！疽族e(cuò)點(diǎn)】這類句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不定式符號(hào)to要加上。如：I saw him dance.我看見(jiàn)他跳舞。=He was seen to dance.The boss made them work the whole night.老板讓他們整夜干活。=They were made to work the whole night.5、動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)不定式做定語(yǔ)通常要放在被修飾的詞后，往往表示未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：I have a lot of work to do.我有許多事要做。T

29、here was nothing to bring home that morning. 那天早上 （他回家時(shí)）兩手空空。6、動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)【考查點(diǎn)】目的狀語(yǔ)常用結(jié)構(gòu)為 to do , in order to , so as to 等，如：He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車?！究疾辄c(diǎn)】作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，可以表示沒(méi)有預(yù)料到的或事與愿違的結(jié)果，不定式要放在句子后面。He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜索了房間，沒(méi)發(fā)現(xiàn)什么?！究疾辄c(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)表示結(jié)果時(shí)常與副詞too或

30、enough連用。如：It s too heavy to carryt 重了，搬不動(dòng)。知識(shí)點(diǎn)3:動(dòng)詞不定式與疑問(wèn)詞的連用不定式常和疑問(wèn)詞 what, which , when, where, how連用，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。如：He didnt know where to go. （where to go = where he should go）知識(shí)點(diǎn)4:動(dòng)詞不定式省略to的情況.【考查點(diǎn)】 使役動(dòng)詞 let, have, make ,以及感官動(dòng)詞 see, watch, notice , hear, smell, feel, 等詞后面省略“to。”注意：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中要加上“to?！?【考查點(diǎn)

31、】 would rather, had better等句型后。.【考查點(diǎn)】but和except后。but前是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，后面出現(xiàn)的不定式不帶to。如：He wants to do nothing but go out. 他只想出去玩。He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 除了吃這藥，他什么者M(jìn)言。. 口語(yǔ)中，以 Why-/Why not開(kāi)頭的簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句常省略“to/如：Why do it that way?（你）為什么用那種方法做事情？. help后可帶to,也可不帶to。三、例題精析【例題11Tom s mother

32、told him eating too much meat.A. stoppingB. to stopC. stopsD. stopped【答案】:B【解析】：本題考查動(dòng)詞不定式做賓補(bǔ)。tell sb. to do sth.告訴某人做某事。故選 B?！纠}2】Whenever you have a chance English, you should take it.A.speakB. to speakC. spokeD. speaks【答案】:B【解析】：本題考查動(dòng)詞不定式做定語(yǔ)。a chance to speak English一個(gè)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的機(jī)會(huì)。故選Bo【例題3】-I like this

33、set of sofa so much, but I don t know it in my small house.-You re supposed to put it in the livingroom.A. where to putB. why to putC. how to putD. what to put【答案】:A【解析】：考查 疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”在特定語(yǔ)境中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)的用法辨析。答句句意：你應(yīng)該把 它放在客廳?？芍暇渚湟鈶?yīng)該是：，但我不知道把它放到我小房子的什么“地方”。故選A?！纠}4】Try to sing some English songs, you ll find it

34、 interestfogeign laaguage.A. learningB. learnsC. learnD. to learn【答案】：D【解析】：考查findit + adj. + to do sth.的用法。find + it + adj. + to do sth.意為 發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事 是”。故選D。四、課堂運(yùn)用礎(chǔ)】A. stopThe heavy snowstorm made the mountain climbers halfway.B. to stopC. stoppingD. stoppedD. how can I sayD. not to wake up himI11 give

35、a talk tomorrow. Im thinking about .A. what to say B. how to sayC. what can I sayYour father is sleeping. You d better .A. not to wake him up B. not wake him up C. not wake up him- Mum, Im hungry.-What about going to McDonalds fried chicken?A. eatB. to eatC. eatingD. and eat5. If everyone makes a co

36、ntributionthe environment,our country will become morebeautiful.A. to protectB. in protecting6. -Shopping with me?-Sorry. I have a lot of clothesA . to washB . washedC. to protectingD. for protectingC. washD . to be washedJim asked Lin Feng forget to change water .A . to notB . dontC. notD. not to【拔

37、高】The little girl was too frightened a word.A. not to tellB. not to say C. to tellD. to sayHe told us that where a picnic was not decided yet.A. havingB. to haveC. haveD. hadWe don t know it next. Let s go and ask Mr. Li.A. what to doB. to do whatC. whether to doD. to do whether答案及解析A.本題考查省略to的不定式。m

38、ake sb. do sth.表示 使某人做某事，make表示 使、讓” 的意思，是使役動(dòng)詞，后接不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。故選 AoA.本題考查動(dòng)詞不定式與疑問(wèn)詞連用的情況。依據(jù)上句明天我將做一個(gè)講演”，我正考慮講什么，是說(shuō)的內(nèi)容，應(yīng)選 what。C、D語(yǔ)序不對(duì)。故只能選 AoB. had better后接動(dòng)詞原形，排除 A、D;其否定結(jié)構(gòu)為：had better not do sth.同時(shí)要注意代詞放在 wake up的中間。B.依據(jù)題意：去 McDonalds吃烤雞怎么樣？用不定式表示目的，故選 B。C. make a contribution to表示 為作貢獻(xiàn)”，其中to為介詞，

39、后應(yīng)接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。A.作定語(yǔ)用的不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是句中主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，就用主動(dòng)式的不定式來(lái)表被動(dòng)意 義。故選A。D.本題考查動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)為：not to do sth.故選D。D.本題考查不定式作狀語(yǔ)表結(jié)果。too.to.表示 如此 以致不能 ，。故應(yīng)選D。B.考查不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法。句意他告訴我還沒(méi)有決定去什么地方野炊”。選B。C.考查句式疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。what to do后不跟it; whether to do.意為是否 做”，句意為 我們不知道下一步是否做，去問(wèn)一下李先生吧”。故選C。課程小結(jié)本節(jié)課主要講解了非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中動(dòng)詞不定式的用法。包括動(dòng)詞不

40、定式作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)等句法功能以及不定式與疑問(wèn)詞連用、不定式省略to的一些用法。其中，同學(xué)們要重點(diǎn)掌握不定式作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)的用法，還有常見(jiàn)不定式作賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的一些動(dòng)詞，以及動(dòng)詞不定式省略to的情況。近年中考對(duì)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)的考查往往是與語(yǔ)境想結(jié)合，因此，同學(xué)在做題時(shí)要結(jié)合語(yǔ)境來(lái)分析 題目，靈活地運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。課后作業(yè)【基礎(chǔ)】Plan your time carefully and make sure you have some time what you like every day.A. doB. to doC. doingD. done.We can make

41、a fire the room warm so that we can chat for a while.A. to keepB. keepingC. keepD. kept.We cant work out the physics problem. Can you tell us ?A . how to doB. what to do itC. how to do itD. what should to do.-Dont forget your homework , John.-OK. Ill do right now.A . doing B . do C. to do D. to be done【鞏固】.At last the boy was made and began to laugh.A . stop cryingB. to stop to cryC. to stop cryingD. stop to cryf prices rise too high, the government has to do something it.A . stopB . s