大學(xué)英語虛擬語氣定義課件

1、虛擬語氣定義虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想，而不表示客觀存在的事實(shí)，所說的是一個(gè)條件，不一定是事實(shí)，或與事實(shí)相反。虛擬語氣通過謂語動(dòng)詞的特殊形式來表示。虛擬語氣常表示條件和結(jié)果的狀語從句中。在表示與事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣時(shí)動(dòng)詞有三種時(shí)態(tài)：現(xiàn)在時(shí)，過去時(shí)，將來時(shí)。1. 虛擬語氣在if條件句中的應(yīng)用2. 賓語/主語從句中的虛擬語氣3. as if /as though 后有時(shí)用虛擬語氣4. (should )+動(dòng)詞原形在某些從句中的應(yīng)用5. would rather, had better后的句子的虛擬語氣6. it is (high) time that .句型7. 在含有if it wer

2、e not for 或if it had not been for 條件句8用于if only引導(dǎo)的感嘆句9 lest, for fear that及in case引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納1. 虛擬語氣在if條件句中的應(yīng)用1) if 從句 主句過去 had done would (should, could, might)+have done現(xiàn)在 did/were would (should, could, might)+動(dòng)原將來 did, were to, should+v., 同上If I had time, I would attend your party.If we had dr

3、iven in turn, you wouldnt have got so tired.If it were to snow /should snow tomorrow, we should take photos.2) 虛擬條件句中有were, had, should時(shí), 可把if省略,而把were, had, should放在主語前,用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu), 這種結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于書面語中. 如:Were it necessary, I might resign.Had you informed me earlier, I would not have signed the contract.Should

4、I have time, I would call on her.Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Summer Palace.3) 錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句在這種條件句中,虛擬條件主句和從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致,因此,主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)各自所指的不同時(shí)間選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞形式, 如:If I were you, I would not have missed the film last night. (現(xiàn)在-過去)If they had started in the early morning,

5、they would arrive in half an hour(過去-將來)If you had asked him when you saw him last time, you would know what to do now. (過去-現(xiàn)在) 有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況并不以條件從句表示出來，而是通過一個(gè)介詞來表示或通過上下文或其他方式表示 如“but for ”，“without ”及“but that ” “ except for和“supposing ” “otherwise等表示含蓄的虛擬： But for your help,I would have failed. Without

6、the money,I would not be alive now. Supposing there were no gravity, objects would not fall to the ground when dropped. She wasnt feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldnt have left the meeting so early.She would leave her husband except for children. 4）含蓄虛擬條件句 2. 賓語/主語從句中的虛擬語氣1).wish后面賓語從句中的虛擬語氣，表示與

7、事實(shí)相反的愿望。其表達(dá)形式一般是將從句的謂語動(dòng)詞退后一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)。例如: 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 : wish + (that)+did(were) I wish I were as healthy as you.I wish that I had a plane.與過去事實(shí)相反 : wish + (that)+had doneI wish I had been to the concert last night.I wish you had written to him.與將來事實(shí)相反 : wish + would/could/might+doI wish he would forgive me.2)

8、order, suggest, demand, insist, 等表示命令,要求, 建議的詞后賓語從句的虛擬語氣,形式為(should)+動(dòng)詞原形 The doctor suggested that he should try to lose weight.3) expect, believe, think, suspect等否定或疑問形式后的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣常用should+動(dòng)詞原形，表示懷疑，驚奇或不滿。 I never thought that he should be such a brave young soldier.3. as if /as though 后有時(shí)用虛擬語氣1)

9、 從句所設(shè)想的時(shí)間與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,從句動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí)(be用were) It looks as if she were sick.He looks as though he knew the girl.2) 從句所設(shè)想的時(shí)間動(dòng)作先于主句謂語發(fā)生,從句動(dòng)詞用had+過去分詞. 如:I feel as if we had known each other for yearsHe talks about pyramids as though he had seen them himself4. (should )+動(dòng)詞原形在某些從句中的應(yīng)用1) 當(dāng)賓語從句從的謂語是suggest, request

10、, insist, desire , demand, propose, order, command, arrange等動(dòng)詞時(shí),如:I suggested that we should go there on foot.注意:當(dāng)suggest表示暗示,表明時(shí),不用虛擬語氣,用陳述語氣.如:The smile on her face suggested that she was satisfied with our work.當(dāng)insist表示堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為之意時(shí), 不用虛擬語氣,用陳述語氣. 如:The man insisted that he had never stolen the money2

11、) It is ordered/desired/decided/requested/strange/important/natural/a pity 等后的主語從句中It is desired that we should get everything ready tonight3) advice, idea, order, plan, demand, proposal, suggestion, request等名詞之后的表語從句和同位語從句中.如:My suggestion is that we should hold a meeting this evening5. would rathe

12、r, had better, would prefer后的句子的虛擬語氣1) 接動(dòng)詞原形, 指現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼臅r(shí)間, 表示主語的主觀愿望和選擇I would rather do it today.You had better not go dancing tonight.2) 接不定式的完成式, 表示過去的某種不恰當(dāng)?shù)倪x擇. 如:I would rather not have told her the news. She is such a gossip.3) 接從句, 用一般過去時(shí), 表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿?用過去完成時(shí),表示過去的愿望.如:I would rather you paid the

13、money yourself.I would rather she had not done that.6 It is (high, about, low) time that一般過去時(shí)should + 動(dòng)詞原形此處的should一般不省略注意:It is the first time that從句 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)It was the first time that從句 過去完成時(shí)It is time for us to have dinner.It is (about/high) time that we had dinner.It is the first that he have gone

14、there.It was the first time that he had gone there.7. 在含有if it were not for 或if it had not been for 條件句的虛擬語氣中. 如:If it were not for the rain, the crops would die.If it had not been for your help, we could not have finished the work ahead of timeif only過去完成時(shí)一般過去時(shí) 對(duì)過去虛擬 對(duì)現(xiàn)在虛擬could + 完成時(shí)8 if only 從句if

15、only 若是.那該多好啊; 真希望.; 只要.就好If only Marx were still by my side to see this with his own eyes.If only she could have lived a little longer. If only she had lived a little longer.3. If only he had arrived in time.would /could/might +動(dòng)詞原形對(duì)將來虛擬 9 用在lest(惟恐,免得), for fear that(以免,為防止起見)和in case引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，這時(shí)謂語

16、動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形或動(dòng)詞原形。1. She closed the windows lest she catch cold.2. He took his raincoat with him lest it should rain.3. She put her coat over the child for fear that he should catch cold.4. Heres some money in case you should need it.lest /for fear that/in case+ 句子(should +動(dòng)詞原形) 二 學(xué)法建議 在學(xué)習(xí)if引起的虛擬條

17、件句時(shí)首先要牢記它的三種形式,它將為學(xué)習(xí)此類句子奠定基礎(chǔ), 在此基礎(chǔ)上, 才能掌握倒裝的虛擬條件句,混合虛擬條件句等。綜觀歷年的測試題,wish引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的虛擬語氣, if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件及含蓄條件句是測試的重點(diǎn),務(wù)必請(qǐng)同學(xué)們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)中加以注意。在學(xué)習(xí)as if引導(dǎo)的表語從句或狀語從句中的虛擬語氣時(shí), 要很好理解句子, 在判定表示虛擬時(shí),再使用虛擬語氣,并要牢記動(dòng)詞的形式。 對(duì)if only的學(xué)習(xí)也是不容忽視的一個(gè)要點(diǎn). 它表示/要是.就好了”, 謂語用一般過去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望, 用過去完成時(shí)表示過去沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望. 如:If only she had known where to f

18、ind you!If only I could speak several foreign languages!1.Kitty talks as if she _on the spot.A. is B. were C. has been D. be2. I didnt go to the concert .But I do wish I _there A. was B. had been C. were D. went3. It is requested that every student _a plan for the next semester A. makes B. make C. w

19、ill make D. would make4.The librarian recommended that the professor _ the newly published books. A. borrow B. borrowed C. should have borrowed D. borrowing 模擬題：BBBA5.Even if she _ there .Margaret could not have done anything either. A. were B. was being C. be D. had been6. I dont think it advisable

20、 that Darcy _ the job as a secretary since he has no experience. A. be assigned B. will be assigned C. is assigned D. has been assigned7. What do you think of his proposal that we _ put on a play at the English Evening? A. will B. should C. has D. have DAB8.They talked as if they _ friends for years

21、. A. had been B. were C. have been D. would be9. Eliza must have missed the train , otherwise she _ then . A. should arrive here B. has arrived here C. would have arrived here D. arrived here 10. But for friction , human beings _neither walk ,nor even stand up. A. can B. were able to C. will be able

22、 to D. could ACA11. It is important that the brakes on your bicycle _ properly. A. working B. works C. work D. worked12. It has been decided that the meeting _ until next Saturday. A. is postponed B. postpone C. will be postponed D. be postponed 13. His government insisted that James Bond _ until he

23、 finished his degree . A. would stay B. stay C. stayed D. shall stayCDB14. I suggested Mike _ himself to the new conditions. A. adapted B. adapt C. would adapt D. might adapt15. I wish that you _ such a bad headache because Im sure that you would have enjoyed the concert . A. didnt have B. hadnt C.

24、hadnt had D. hadnt have16. _ , Smith would have signed his name at the corner . A. If he painted that picture B. If he paints that picture C. If he had painted that picture D. If he would have painted that pictureBDC17. You _ yesterday if you were really serious about the job. A. ought to come B. ou

25、ght to have come C. ought to be coming D. ought have come18. The old worker urged that we _ cheaper materials instead . A. use B. used C. would use D. will use 19. Without electricity , the whole world _. A. would not have developed B. had not developed so rapidly C. does not develop so rapidly D. h

26、as not been developed so rapidlyBAC20. When John took the pen back to Mary , she said coldly:” You _ it sooner ,for I _ it .” A.should have returned might need B.should return might have needed C.should have returned might have needed D.must have returned must have needed21. _ for their assistance ,

27、 we couldnt have got over such big difficulties . A. It were not B. Were it C. Were it not D. Are it AC22. It is about time that the government _ strong actions against embezzlement(盜用、侵占) and official profiteering（牟取暴利）. A. is taking B. takes C. took D. will take23. Suppose you _ Mike now ,what wou

28、ld you say to him ? A. meet B. met C. have met D. should meet24. Had I known her name, I _ . A. would invite her to lunch B. would have invited her to lunch C. invited her to lunch D. could invite her to lunchCBB25. Jason made the request that the problem as to who would be sent abroad _ at the meet

29、ing. A. is discussed B. be discussed C. discuss D. would be discussed26. Mr. Johnson prefers that _ with him personally . A. Mary speaks B. Mary will speak C. Mary speak D. Mary would speak27. The chairman of the committee advised that their regular meeting for this month _. A. be postponed B. would

30、 be postponed C. should postpone D. was postponedBCA28. They demand that the right to vote _ to every adult man and woman . A. should give B. would be given C. be given D. ought to give29. It was essential that all the necessary data _ to the Presidents office before the end of this month . A. sent

31、B. should be sent C. should send D. must be sent.30. It is highly desirable that a new president for this college. A Should appoint B appoint C be appointed D appointedCBC31. Dr. Bethune worked hard as if he . A never had felt tired B had never felt tired C never felt tired D was tired never32. It w

32、as arranged that they the following week. A leave B have left C left D should have left33.He insisted that we the matter at the meeting. A Shall take up B take up C may take up D have to take upBAB34. Even if he here, he could not solve the problem at once, either. A Was being B were C had been D wa

33、s35. Without water, there no plants. A Would have B would be C were to be D were 36. If I were you, I at him the other day. A Had not laughed B would not laugh C would not have laughed D did not laughBBC37. He the letter but he busy recently. A Would answer, is B would have answered, were C Would ha

34、ve answered, has been D would have answered, had been38. This platform would collapse if all of you on it. A Stand B stood C would stand D had stood39. “Have you finished studying?” “No, but I wish I .” A would B had C should D haveCBB40.” Sorry, I am late.” “ Its high time that you .” A show B show

35、ed C show up D showed up41. If only you with greater care. A Work B are working C had worked D will work42. If any person guilty, we shall have the right of appeal. A Were found B was found C should be found D has been foundDCC43. The driver looked over the engine carefully lest it wrong on the day.

36、 A go B goes C went D had gone44. George would certainly have attended the meeting . A if he didnt get a flat tire B if the flat tire hadnt happened C had he not had a flat tire D had the tire not flattened itself 45 we should be glad. A They arrive tomorrow B Were they arriving tomorrow C They were

37、 to arrive tomorrow D Were they to arrive tomorrowCAD真題演練：1 “You missed a golden opportunity.” “Yes, I that job when it was offered.” A must have taken B should have taken C might take D ought to take (2009) 2 Look at the terrible situation I am in now! If only I your advice. A follow B had followed C would follow D have followed (2009) BB3 Tom has been most helpful to us; in fact I dont know what we without him. A have done B will have done C had done D would have done(2009) 4 It is suggested that smoking in public plac