簡(jiǎn)單句五種基本句型-解析課件

1、 英語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)單句五種基本句型 A: 詞類及基本用法練習(xí):翻譯下面的句子并判斷是哪種句型太陽(yáng)從東方升起來(lái)了。她喜歡看書(shū)。他的臉紅了。4. 我給他看我的照片。5. 他們把門漆成綠色。The sun has risen in the east.She enjoys reading.His face turned red.I showed him my pictures.They painted the door green. 英語(yǔ)句子長(zhǎng)短簡(jiǎn)繁不一，表面上似乎難以捉摸，但可以從實(shí)質(zhì)上發(fā)現(xiàn)其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，找出其共同規(guī)律。即可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)

2、構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。 基本句型一： + （主謂） 基本句型二： + + （主謂/系表） 基本句型三： + + （主謂賓） 基本句型四: + +InO +D(主謂間賓直賓） 基本句型五: + + +O（主謂賓賓補(bǔ)）各種詞類及其在句子中的作用： 1. Nouns (n.) 名詞： -主語(yǔ)(S)，賓語(yǔ)(O)，表語(yǔ)(P)等 2. Verbs (v.) 動(dòng)詞 -謂語(yǔ)(V) （ vt. 及物動(dòng)詞 / vi. 不及物動(dòng)詞） 3. Pronouns （pron.) 代詞： -主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)等 e.g. Kate has a piano. She likes it very much. _ S _ V _ O _ S

3、_ V _O 4. Adjectives (adj.) 形容詞： -定語(yǔ)(At.) 表語(yǔ) （P） e.g. The overcoat is very beautiful. This is a very beautiful overcoat.5. Adverbs (adv.) 副詞：-狀語(yǔ)（Ad.)6. Numerals (num.) 數(shù)詞： -定語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)等 e.g. 25 (desks) _(be) enough. 7. Articles (art.) 冠詞： 一般不單獨(dú)構(gòu)成句子成分 (At.)(P) is8. Prepositions (prep.) 介詞（in, at, on, )

4、prep. +n. 介詞短語(yǔ)-狀語(yǔ) (Ad.),表語(yǔ)等 e.g. We can see the bike under the tree. 9. Conjunctions (conj.) 連詞 ( and, or, but, so) 一般不構(gòu)成成分，僅起連接作用10. Interjections ( interj.) 感嘆詞 (ah, oh, yeah) 一般不構(gòu)成成分，起加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣作用 英語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)單句五種基本句型 B: 五種句型基本句型 一(subject) +V(verb)（主謂） 特點(diǎn):句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思。 這類動(dòng)詞叫做不及物動(dòng)詞，后面可以 跟副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)從句等。 e.g.

5、 His words works. SV基本句型 二 + +（主系表） 特點(diǎn)：句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思， 必須加上一個(gè)表明主語(yǔ)身份或狀態(tài)的表語(yǔ)構(gòu) 成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。 這類動(dòng)詞叫做(連)系動(dòng)詞。 系動(dòng)詞可分四類： 1）be 本身沒(méi)有什么意義,只起連系主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的 作用,后可接動(dòng)詞外的任何詞； 2）感官動(dòng)詞類 look, feel, smell, taste, sound等 +adj. 3）表示變化：get, grow, become, turn, go等 4）表示狀態(tài)延續(xù)：stay, keep, prove, remain, stand等 以及prove 等。+adj.

6、 +adj. S V (link-V.) PThis is an English dictionary.Everything looks different. 天氣更涼爽了。 The weather becomes cooler. 基本句型 三 + +（主謂賓） 特點(diǎn)：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，但不能表 達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟賓語(yǔ)，即動(dòng) 作的承受者，才能使意思完整。 這類動(dòng)詞叫做及物動(dòng)詞。 e.g. We like the movie. S Vo S V (Vt.) O她經(jīng)常幫她媽媽。 She often helps her mother.2. 我想要一杯茶。 I want a cup of tea

7、. 基本句型 四 + +InO +D（主謂間賓直賓） 特點(diǎn)：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須跟有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)完 整的意思。這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的直 接承受者，另一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的間接承受者。 通?？筛臑?S +V+DO+prep.+InO e.g. She gave me an apple. =She gave an apple to me. S V (Vt.) InO DOShe passed him a new dress.John 告訴我他的想法。 John told me his idea. 基本句型 五 + + +O（主謂賓賓補(bǔ)）特點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓 語(yǔ)還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一

8、 個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來(lái)補(bǔ)足賓語(yǔ)，才能使意思完整。 判斷原則：能表達(dá)成賓語(yǔ) 是/做 e.g. We made him the manager. SVOOC S V (Vt.) O OCWe keep the table clean.I saw them getting on the bus. 他讓我馬上回來(lái)。 He asked me to come back soon. 典型例句分析1.Plants need water. S+V+O ( 主 + 謂+ 賓 )2.The flower is so fresh. S +V +P (主 + 系 + 表)3.They work hard. S +V (主 +

9、謂 )4.He gives me some seeds. S +V +In O + DO (主 + 謂 + 直賓 + 間賓)5.We should keep the plants in the shade. S+V +O +OC (主 + 謂 + 賓 + 賓補(bǔ))6.Many animals live in trees. S + V (主 + 謂) 基本句型的擴(kuò)展: e.g. We found the hall full. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)禮堂坐滿了。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers. We found the great ha

10、ll full of students and teachers listening to an important report.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師，在聽(tīng)一個(gè)重要報(bào)告。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師，在聽(tīng)人民日?qǐng)?bào)的一位同志作有關(guān)東歐局勢(shì)的重要報(bào)告。made by a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe._ 同一個(gè)動(dòng)

11、詞使用的句型也不盡一樣，因此在學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)詞時(shí)， 應(yīng)掌握動(dòng)詞的類型。以 get 為例： Hes getting angry. (S V P) Youll get a surprise. (S V O) He got his shoes and socks wet. (S V O C) 在句子中詞類和詞的位置也影響句子的句型和意思: I found the book easily. 我很容易地找到了這本書(shū)。( S V O ） I found the book easy. 我覺(jué)得這本書(shū)很容易。 （S V O C）練習(xí):判斷下面的句子是哪種句型Your sister dances beautifully.

12、主+謂This food looks inviting.主+系+表3.They kept their marriage a secret.主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)4.Good keeps you healthy.主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)5.The palaces were large and beautiful.主+系+表6.Horse-riding,hammer throw and shooting are some of the more unusual events.主+系+表8.I will pick up rubbish from the ground.主+謂+賓9.You can plant a

13、tree or build a birdhouse.主+謂+賓10.I will tell my friends to protect the environment.主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ) 按結(jié)構(gòu)英語(yǔ)句子主要可以分成三種： 簡(jiǎn)單句， 并列句，復(fù)合句 e.g. 1) The teachers name is Smith. 2) The teachers name is Smith and the students name is John. 3) He is Smith who likes going hiking. - 4) He is Smith and he likes going hikin

14、g. 5) Hurry up, or youll be late. 6) I saw him when I walked past the street. 7) He often gets up early because he wants to catch the early bus.簡(jiǎn)單句并列句復(fù)合句并列句并列句 復(fù)合句 復(fù)合句 I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary to be my friend, and I shall call my f

15、riend Kitty.SV_O_Ad.( )S_VSVO_OCS_VOOC并列復(fù)合句 Analyze the sentences: I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.SV_ OcSVPAc（ ）_S_VOOC Its no pleasure looking through these anylonger because nature is

16、one thing that really must be experienced. SVP_SAd.C(狀從)SVP_At.C(定從) At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today.S()At.(定語(yǔ))VP()At.(定語(yǔ)) Then gradually between about AD 800and 1150 English became less like Germanbecause those wh

17、o ruled England spoke first Danish and later French. SVPAd.CSVO_()At. C(定從) A Lebanese who had left the country for Syria during the conflict between Israel and Hizbollah, returns with her family following the ceasefire, at the Lebanon-Syria border in Magdel Anjar August 14, 2006. S + V A 53-point w

18、in over South Korea wrapped up a perfect Asian exhibition tour for a star-studded U.S. team on its way to the world championships. S + V + O According to the current information held by the Chinese authorities, a verdict arrived at by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the bird flu research and test centre of Thailand was arbitrary and based on the