新視界大學(xué)英語綜合教程2第2單元答案及譯文

1、Warming upSkimmingDiggingCritical thinkingLanguage in useUnfamiliar wordsInterpretingTalking point Sport inAncientGreeceand ChinaWarming up1. Match the words in the boxes to make phrases. Warming upjump across a river;fight without weapons;drive a sports car;climb hills;throw stones;ride a horse;run

2、 a marathon;swim underwater;Answer:Warming upFighting without weapons is a description of kung fu (功夫), judo (柔道), karate (空手道), taekwondo (跆拳道) and other martial arts, which are also considered to be sports nowadays. Horse-riding (馬術(shù)) is in the Olympic Games. Running, including marathon running, is

3、 definitely a sport. People go underwater swimming (潛泳) on holiday as a sports activity. And I think I would consider hill climbing (登山) a sport too.1. Which are sports, in your opinion? Work in pairs and discuss the questions about the phrases in Activity1.Warming upJumping over rivers is not a spo

4、rts activity. I think you would only do it if it was a very small river and there was no bridge. Driving a sports car has a sort of sporty side in it, but usually is more like fashion wearing designer clothes and driving a sports car. Stone throwing might be a game sometimes for children but it is n

5、ot something adults would normally do. A sport is a physical activity people do for pleasure, and as I said these three do not fit that definition.2. Which are not sports, in your opinion, and why?Warming up I regularly do martial arts exercises. I like going hill walking and go every summer holiday

6、. I have swum underwater on a visit to Hainan. I often plan to run a marathon but never find time to train. I have never had an opportunity to go horse-riding.3. Which have you done, and when?Warming upI love horse-riding. The horses I have ridden become my friends. Swimming underwater, if you do it

7、 in the right place, takes you into another world of wonderful sights, and hill climbing in the company of friends is an escape from the noisy city and very good for your health.4. Which do you like doing?Warming upI dont think I would ever run a marathon I mean it is a very long way. I find running

8、 rather boring and I doubt if I will ever be fit enough to even think about it.5. Which would you never do, and why?Warming up Work in pairs and discuss a sport you have never done, but would like to try.A: I hope you wont laugh at me, but I would love to do some motor racing (汽車比賽). I know I seem a

9、 quiet bookish type, but I love watching motor races and enjoy motor-racing computer games. To drive one of those cars in reality would be great.B: Well, you do surprise me. You certainly do not seem to be the type to want to drive so fast. But isnt it dangerous?Warming upA: Yes, most drivers have a

10、 few serious accidents in their career. Its crazy, but somehow that is part of the excitement.B: Well, yes, modern lives are rather dull and routine so we like some extra excitement, but I think you should continue to get it from racing games and not actual races.A: Dont worry, it will never happen.

11、 No one would let me get behind the wheel of one of those expensive racing cars! Anyway, lets talk about you now.Warming up Look at the title of the passage and decide whether the passage will focus on similarities or differences. Check () the activities you expect to read about. 1 running 2 shootin

12、g 3 jumping 4 throwing 5 dancing 6 swimming 7 horse racingAnswer: All are mentioned.Warming upWatch the video clip and answer the questions.1. When there is no chance of winning, what will make you a hero? 2. Take basketball as an example, how does sport improve our body and mind?Skimming Browse the

13、 passage within 8 minutes to get a rough idea about it.Answer the questions of Activity 2 and 3 on page 29.Task Check () the true statements. 1 The Chinese may have known about the Olympic Games in ancient times. 2 The need for sport is present in all societies. 3 In ancient Greece people preferred

14、sport to fighting. Skimming 4 Sport can replace conflict. 5 Sport is a human invention. 6 Sport in ancient China was similar to sport in ancient Greece. 7 Education in ancient China was totally different from education in ancient Greece. 8 Sport was part of military training in ancient China and anc

15、ient Greece. 9 Modern China has nothing in common with modern Greece.The true statements are 1, 2, 6 and 8.Statement 6 is the main idea of the passage.Now decide which of the statements is the main idea of the passage.Skimming Answer the questions.1 How did the Olympic Games begin?The Olympic Games

16、were a four-yearly rest from fighting among ancient Greek city-states. Instead of fighting, the men would compete in races and athletic events.2 Why did people in ancient times need sport? Because sport creates greater physical strength, which can be used in many ways, and sport is a way of keeping

17、fit.Skimming3 Which skills improved peoples chances of getting food? Running, swimming, jumping and throwing.4 What did Odysseus and Hou Yi have in common?They both used a bow and arrows, and were skilful at shooting.Skimming5 What did Plato and Confucius have in common? They both believed physical

18、training and exercise were an important part of education for the young.6 How did the Six Noble Arts benefit pupils?They led to a balanced education paying attention to the moral, physical and intellectual development of the pupils, making them good, strong and knowledgeable.Skimming7 Why is the wor

19、d gymnasium a common Western term for a school?The use of the word stresses the broad view of education as consisting of a lot more than just book study.Sport in ancient Greece and China1 What do Greece and China have in common with each other, in both ancient and modern times? The two nations are s

20、eparated by nearly 8,000 kilometres of mountains and desert, and in the past, there were no relations and hardly any communication between them. Yet both bear comparison with each other in the role of sport in their societies. 譯文MP3Digging2 It is true that in the ancient period, the Silk Road served

21、 as a channel of trade and cultural exchange between the East and West, which may have allowed an awareness of the ancient Olympic movement to pass from Greece to China. Yet sport appears to play a more fundamental and deeply-rooted role in national culture and socio-political life in all social com

22、munities at all times.MP3Digging3 In fact, the origins of the Olympic Games can be found in the frequent conflicts between the city-states of Greece. Every four years, it was agreed that the Olympic Games would act as a temporary ceasefire. But once the Games were over, fighting would resume.譯文MP3Di

23、gging4 Yet historical research and studies in sociology suggest that sport is not simply a substitute for conflict. It seems that wherever there are human activities, there is sport. One reason for this is the need to keep fit for both survival and for amusement. From the time humans began to make t

24、ools from stone, they knew that greater physical strength would allow them to use the tools with greater efficiency. 譯文MP3DiggingRunning, swimming, jumping and throwing were not simply skills which needed to be developed to catch more game and fish. They were enjoyable as well. In due course, these

25、same skills were called into play not just in the Olympic Games but also in the sporting events which were held in China and elsewhere. For example, the skill of shooting with a bow and arrow appears in the myths of many nations. 譯文MP3DiggingOdysseus was said to have killed rivals for his wifes atte

26、ntion with a bow and arrow. Similarly, during the Yao times, Hou Yi is said to have shot down nine of the ten suns in the sky which had burnt all the plants on Earth. Thus, the origin of sport appears to lie in human instinct, and not in human invention.譯文MP3Digging5 There are further similar featur

27、es between sport in Greece, in China, and other nations. Sport was used as a form of military training, to improve an armys ability to beat the enemy with or without weapons. In China this included fighting without weapons, horse racing, stone throwing, hunting, and swimming.譯文MP3DiggingDuring the S

28、pring and Autumn Period, swimming pools were built and prizes were awarded to good swimmers among the water troops. Similar sports were also common in ancient Greece, especially in Sparta, where military training was part of the formal education of both boys and girls.譯文MP3Digging6 Sporting activiti

29、es in both nations were often combined with dancing. Because of periods of bad weather, China was hit by rain and flooding. In order to relax stiff joints and muscles and to get rid of gloomy moods, people would dance vigorously. Military training in Sparta included dancing, and the ancient Olympic

30、Games included dancing competitions. In the modern era, this form of movement and rhythm can be still seen in figure skating and gymnastics.譯文MP3Digging7 Furthermore, in both ancient China and Greece, sport was integrated into the education system. During the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, all place

31、s of learning taught traditional forms of fighting. Confucius was a fine athlete, highly skilled in shooting with a bow and arrow, fishing, hunting, and hill-climbing. He introduced the Six Noble Arts into education: music, ancient rituals, mathematics, handwriting, driving a horse-drawn vehicle and

32、 shooting with a bow, 譯文MP3Diggingall of which paid attention to the moral, physical and intellectual development of pupils. The Greek philosopher Plato advised that physical training and health education should be included in the school curriculum, alongside philosophy, music, literature and gymnas

33、tics. One common Western term for a school, gymnasium, comes from this broad view of education.譯文MP3Digging譯文MP3Digging8 Sports in both ancient China and Greece were combined with military training, dancing and the whole educational system. So is it surprising that China should embrace modern Olympi

34、c ideals which were deeply rooted in ancient Greek society?Background informationMain idea of the text1. It is true that in the ancient period, the Silk Road served as a channel from Greece to China. Yet sport appears to play a more fundamental and deeplyrooted role at all times. (Para 2)Ancient Chi

35、na could have been influenced by ancient Greek ideas on sport with the help of the Silk Road. However, it is more probable that sport was important as a natural result of human activities and played a key role in all aspects of human life.Difficult sentences Difficult sentences 2. In due course, the

36、se same skills were called into play not just in the Olympic Games (Line 13, Para 4)As time went by there were other sporting events other than the Olympic Games in China and other places, which required people to show their running, swimming, jumping and throwing skills. Difficult sentences in due

37、course: at some time in the future when it is the right time, but not beforee.g. Please wait I will give you the answers in due course.be called into play: to become useful, to be made good use of, to come into actione.g. In that dangerous situation all his experience and skill as a pilot were calle

38、d into play. Many aspects of sport arose before civilization; it shows that sport comes from mans basic nature and is not a product of culture.Difficult sentences 3. Thus, the origin of sport appears to lie in human instinct, and not in human invention. (Line 23, Para 4)You might think it would be h

39、ard for China to understand the Olympic Games as they were the product of an entirely different culture, but the history of sport in China is very similar to that of sport in ancient Greece. So it is easy for China to appreciate the ideas behind the Olympic Games. They are not new or strange.Difficu

40、lt sentences 4. So is it surprising that China should embrace modern Olympic ideals which were deeply rooted in ancient Greek society? (Line 3, Para 8)ancient釋義a. relating to people who lived a very long time ago, and to their culture and way of life 古代的；古文化的例句They believed ancient Greece and Rome w

41、ere vital sources of learning. 他們認為古希臘和古羅馬是知識的重要發(fā)源地。翻譯WordsLast summer I visited Mexico City to see the ancient art in the museums there. (Jan. 1993, CET-4, Listening comprehension)真題例句Nobody can tell just how the ancient Egyptians built the Pyramids. 沒有人能確切地說出古代埃及人是怎樣建造金字塔的。 翻譯exchange釋義1n. C a sit

42、uation in which people give each other information or discuss their ideas and opinions 交流 例句Im going to go on an exchange visit to Paris.我將到巴黎交流參觀。翻譯Words真題Adjusted for inflation, public funding for international exchanges and foreign-language study is well below the levels of 40 years ago. (Dec. 20

43、07, CET-4, Skimming and scanning)例句Frequent cultural exchange will certainly help foster friendly relations between our two universities. 經(jīng)常的文化交流肯定有助于發(fā)展我們兩校之間的友好關(guān)系。 翻譯exchange釋義2vt. to give someone something in return for something that they give you 交流；互換 例句We still exchange gifts at Christmas.我們依然

44、在圣誕節(jié)時交換禮物。翻譯Words真題During the marriage ceremony, the bride and her would-be husband usually exchange gold rings that represent the idea that their union will continue forever. (Jun. 2005, CET-4, Listening comprehension)例句At the end of the game players traditionally exchange shirts with each other. 按

45、照傳統(tǒng)，比賽結(jié)束時兩隊球員互換球衣。 翻譯fundamental釋義1a. essential to the existence, development, or success of something 必不可少的；十分重要的 例句Water is fundamental to survival.水對于生存是必不可少的。翻譯WordsCertainly, the biological link between parent and child is fundamental. (Jun. 2003, CET-4, Reading comprehension)真題例句Competition is

46、 fundamental to keeping prices down. 競爭對于抑制價格來說必不可少。 翻譯fundamental釋義2a. relating to the basic nature or character of something 基本的；根本的 例句There is a fundamental flaw in his argument.他的論點有個根本性的漏洞。翻譯WordsDemands for fundamental change were common throughout the labor press. (Jun. 1996, CET-4, Reading c

47、omprehension)真題例句The fundamental problem lies in their inability to distinguish between reality and invention最根本的問題在于他們不能分清現(xiàn)實和虛構(gòu)。 翻譯釋義例句These measures are only temporary.這些措施只是暫時的。 翻譯Wordsa. existing, done, or used for only a limited period of time 暫時的, 臨時的；短期的Mood may be defined as a temporary and

48、mild positive or negative feeling that is generalized and not tied to any circumstance. (Dec. 2007, CET-4, Cloze)temporary真題例句He afforded a temporary shelter for the needy. 他為窮人提供暫時的安身之處。 翻譯resume釋義v. to start something again after stopping temporarily ( 短暫停斷后) 重新開始，繼續(xù)例句Well stop now and resume at 2

49、 oclock. 我們要停下來了，兩點鐘再開始干。 翻譯Words例句翻譯We resumed our dinner after the interruption.短暫的打斷過后我們繼續(xù)吃晚餐。historical釋義1a. connected with history as a subject of study 歷史科學(xué)的 例句He is writing a historical novel about nineteenth-century France. 他正在寫一本描寫19世紀法國的歷史小說。 翻譯Words例句She is engaged in historical research.

50、翻譯她從事歷史研究。historical釋義2a. connected with history or the past 與歷史（ 或過去） 有關(guān)的；歷史的 例句The Abbey is a major historical monument.威斯敏斯特大教堂是個重要的歷史古跡。翻譯Words真題The British constitution is to a large extent a product of the historical events described above. (Jun. 2000, CET-4, Vocabulary and structure)The confl

51、ict needs to be put in its historical context to be understood.必須把這場沖突置于當時的歷史背景下加以理解。例句翻譯sociology釋義n. U 社會學(xué) 例句翻譯Words例句Sociology is an arts subject.翻譯社會學(xué)是一門文科。This is where sociology overlaps with economics.這就是社會學(xué)與經(jīng)濟學(xué)在部分內(nèi)容上互有交叉之處。真題After all, I dont study sociology or political theory.(Jun. 2007, C

52、ET-4, Reading comprehension)substitute釋義1n. C ( for) something that is used instead of omething else 代替物；替代品 例句The lead singer was ill and her substitute wasnt nearlyas good. 主唱歌手病了，替代她的演員遠遠比不上她。 翻譯WordsMaybe each computer should come with the warning: for all the help this computer may provide, it

53、should not be seen as a substitute for fundamental thinking and reasoning skills. (Jan. 1989, CET-4, Reading comprehension)真題例句Vitamin pills are no substitute for healthy eating. 維生素片不能替代健康飲食。 翻譯substitute釋義2vt. to use something new or different instead of what is normally used 替換；代替 例句Can I substit

54、ute milk for cream?我可以用牛奶代替奶油嗎？翻譯WordsSome hard plastics can be substituted for metals in manufacturing machine parts. (Jun. 1990, CET-4, Vocabulary and structure)真題例句We substituted fish for meat several times a week. 我們每星期有幾頓飯以魚代肉。翻譯survival釋義n. U the fact or state of continuing to live or exist 幸存

55、；繼續(xù)存在例句These animals face a constant fight for survival.這些動物面臨著持續(xù)不斷的生存斗爭。翻譯WordsThe risks and uncertainties of the hunt were no longer essential for survival. (Jun. 1992, CET-4, Reading comprehension)真題例句Our disregard for the environment threatens the long-term survival of the planet. 我們對環(huán)境的漠視威脅著地球的

56、長久存在。翻譯amusement釋義n. C, U something that you enjoy doing 樂于去做的事；有趣的事例句What do you do for amusement in this town?在這個城鎮(zhèn)里你們有什么娛樂活動？翻譯Words例句I play the piano but just for my own amusement.翻譯我彈鋼琴只是為了自娛自樂。efficiency釋義n. U the ability to work well and produce good results by using the available time, money

57、, supplies etc in the most effective way 效率例句It will improve our efficiency if we introduce an up-to-date machine.假如我們引進最先進的機器，效率將得到提高。翻譯WordsI was impressed with the efficiency of the work done in the company. (Jun. 2005, CET-4, Vocabulary and structure)真題例句There can be no economy where there is no

58、 efficiency. 沒有效率就談不上節(jié)約。 翻譯game釋義n. U wild animals, birds, and fish that people hunt 獵物例句He says that there is a forest full of game. 他說那里有一片森林，獵物很多。 翻譯Words例句As men who shot game for food, they were natural marksmen.作為靠捕獵獲取食物的人，他們是天生的神槍手。翻譯bow釋義n. C 弓例句翻譯WordsShe drew and aimed her bow. 她拉開弓瞄準。 Bow

59、s and arrows, are one of mans oldest weapons.(Jun. 2006, CET-4, Listening comprehension)真題例句翻譯William Tell studied the two arrows, selected one, and placed it in his bow.威廉泰爾端詳了一下這兩支箭，挑選了一支搭在弓上。myth釋義n. C an ancient traditional story about gods, heroes, and magic 神話例句翻譯WordsThe battle has become par

60、t of national myth. 這場戰(zhàn)役已成為民族神話的一部分。 例句翻譯The stories developed out of ancient myths.這些故事是由古代神話發(fā)展而來的。similarly釋義ad. in a similar way 相似地；類似地例句翻譯WordsMost of the men who gathered round him were similarly dressed. 聚集在他周圍的大多數(shù)男子穿戴都差不多。Similarly, consumers operating under a given mood state tend to react