2022年初中英語語法大全新目標

1、學(xué)習(xí)好資料 歡迎下載九、定語從句I. 定語從句起了形容詞的作用，在句中修飾一個名詞或代詞。被修飾的詞叫做先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，他的作用一是放在先行詞與定語從句中間起了連接作用，二是在從句中擔當一個成分，并與先行詞保持數(shù)的一致。關(guān)系詞 先行詞 從句成分 例句 備注關(guān)系 who 人 主語 Do you know the man who is talking with your whom, which 和代詞 mother? that 在從句中做whom 人 賓語 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working 賓語時，?？梢訲he boy

2、(whom) she loved died in the war. 省略，但介詞提whose 人，物 定語 I like those books whose topics are about history. 前時后面關(guān)系代The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate. that 人，物 主語，賓語 A plane is a machine that can fly. 詞不能省略，也She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. 不可以用 thatwhich 物 主語，賓語 The bo

3、ok (which) I gave you was worth $10.The picture which was about the accident was terrible.as 人，物 主語，賓語 He is such a person as is respected by all of us. as做賓語一般不This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 省略關(guān)系 when 時間 時間狀語 I will never forget the day when we met there. 可用 on which副詞 where 地點 地點狀語 This

4、 is the house where I was born. 可用 in whichwhy 原因 原因狀語 I cant imagine the reason why he turned down my 可用 for whichoffer.II. that 與 which, who, whom 的用法區(qū)別：情況 用法說明 例句只用 that 的 1先行詞為 all, everything, anything, nothing, little, 1.He told me everything that he knows.情況 much,等不定代詞時。2.All the books that y

5、ou offered has been 2先行詞被 all, any, every, each, much, little, no, given out.some, few 等修飾時 3.This is the best film that I have ever read.4.We talked about the persons and things that 3先行詞有形容詞最高級和序數(shù)詞修飾時 we remembered.4先行詞既指人又指物時 5.He is the only man that I want to see.5先行詞被 the only, the very 修飾時 6.

6、Who is the man that is making a speech?6句中已經(jīng)有 who 或 which 時，為了避免重復(fù)時只用 which, 1在非限制性定語從句中，只能用 which 指代物，He has a son, who has gone abroad for who, whom 用 who/whom 指人 further study.的情況 2在由“ 介詞 +關(guān)系代詞” 引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，只 I like the person to whom the teacher is 能用 which 指物， whom 指人。talking.Those who respect oth

7、ers are usually 3先行詞本身是 that 時，關(guān)系詞用 which, 先行詞為 respected by others.those, one, he時多用 who。III. as 與 which 的區(qū)別：定語從句 區(qū)別 例句限制性定 名詞前有 such 和 the same修飾時， 關(guān)系代詞用 as, He is not such a fool as he looks.語從句中 不能用 which Dont read such books as you can understand. t 非限制性 as和 which 都可以指代前面整個主句。如果有“ 正 They won th

8、e game, as we had expected.定語從句 如，象” 的含義，并可以放在主句前，也可以放 They won the game, which we hadnt expected.中 在后面，那么用 as；而 which 引導(dǎo)的從句只能放 As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 主句后，并無“ 正如” 的意思。1980s.IV. 限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別：類別語法意義及特征例句限制性定語從對先行詞起修飾限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完The accident happened at the time 句

9、整明確，這種從句與主句的關(guān)系十分密切，寫時不用逗when I left.號分開。非限制性定語對先行詞作附加的說明，與主句的關(guān)系不十分密切，較His mother, whom he loved deeply, 從句松散。從句和主句之間用逗號分開，相當于一個插入語，died ten years ago.不能用 that 引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系代詞做賓語時也不能省略。十、名詞性從句種類學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載t matter作用常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞例句主語從句在復(fù)合句中做主語，相當于名詞，一that, whether, Whether he will come or not doesn般置謂語之前，也可用it 作形式主if,

10、as if, as much.表語從句though, who, Whoever comes here will be welcome.語，主語從句放主句之后whose, 在復(fù)合句中做表語，相當于名詞，位It looks as if it is going to snow.which, how, 賓語從句于系動詞之后when, where, He asked me which team could win the game.在復(fù)合句中做賓語，相當于名詞why, what, 同位語從放在名詞之后 (news, problem, idea, You have no idea how worried

11、we are.whatever, 句suggestion, advice, thought, hope, factThe fact that he lied again greatly surprised us.whoever, 等) 表明其具體內(nèi)容wherever十一、狀語從句種類 時間狀語地點狀語 原因狀語條件狀語連接詞注意點when, whenever, while, as, before, after, until, till, by 主句表示將來意義時，從句須用一般現(xiàn)在時；the time, as soon as, hardly when, no sooner while 引導(dǎo)的從句

12、中動詞一般是延續(xù)性的； than, the moment, the minute, immediately, directly, 用在肯定句中主句動詞是延續(xù)性的，而否定句instantly 中主句動詞為短暫性的。untilwhere, whereverbecause, as, since, now thatbecause語氣最強， since 較弱，表示大家都明了的原因， as又次之。if, unless, once, in case, as long as, on condition that從句中動詞時態(tài)不可用將來時，常用一般時代替目的狀語so that, in order that, f

13、or fear thatso that和 in order that 后常接 may, should, could, would 等情態(tài)動詞結(jié)果狀語 比較狀語 方式狀語 讓步狀語so that, such thatthan, as as, not so/as as, the more the moreas if, as though, asas if 和 as though 引導(dǎo)的從句一般用虛擬語氣。though, although, even if, even though, as, no matter what, whatever, no matter who, whoever, no m

14、atter which, whichever, no matter how, however, no matter when, wheneveras 在讓步狀語從句中常用倒裝形式；although和 though 用正常語序，可和yet 連用，但不可和 but 連用十二、倒裝句種類倒裝條件例句完全here, there, up, down, in, out, off, away 等副詞開頭的Out rushed the children.倒裝句子表示強調(diào)表示地點的介詞短語作狀語位于句首 強調(diào)表語，置于句首，或為保持句子平衡Under the tree stood two tables and

15、four chairs. Present at the meeting were 1,000 students.部分never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, not until, not等Hardly did I know what had happened.倒裝表示否定意義的副詞放于句首only 和修飾的狀語放于句首Only then did he realized the importance of English.not only but also 連接并列的句子，前倒后不倒Not only does he know French, but als

16、o he is expert at it.Neither do I know it, nor do I care about it.So busy is he that he can not go on a holiday.neither nor 連接并列的句子，前后都倒裝so that, such that 中的 so 或 such 及修飾的成分放于句首時前倒后不倒as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語 so, neither 或 nor 表示前句內(nèi)容也適用于另外的人或 事。用于表示祝愿的祈使句中Child as he is, he has learned a lot. He can play the pian

17、o. So can i.May you be in good health!省略 if 的虛擬條件 Were I you, I would not do it in this way.十三、虛擬語氣類別與現(xiàn)在事實相反用法例句If 引導(dǎo)的從句動詞：過去式（be 用 were）If he were here, he would 主句動詞： should/would/could/might+ 動詞原形help us.條件從句其它狀語 從句賓語從句主語從句其它句型 中學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載與過去事實相反從句動詞： had+過去分詞If I had been free, I would 主句動詞： shou

18、ld/would/could/might+have+ 過去分詞have visited you.與將來事實相反從句動詞： 過去式/ should+動詞原形/ were+不定式If it should rain tomorrow, 主句動詞： should/would/could/might+ 動詞原形we would not go camping.as if 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中動詞用過去式或過去完成式They are talking as if they had been friends for years.in order that / so that 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中動詞用can / cou

19、ld / may / might / Turn on the light so that we can see it clearly.would 等+動詞原形demand, suggest, order, insist 后接的從句中動詞為should+動詞原形He suggested that we not change our mind.wish 后的從句中分別用過去式，過去完成式和should/would+ 動詞原形I wish I could be a pop singer.表示與現(xiàn)在，過去和將來情況相反在 It is necessary / important / strange th

20、at , It is suggested / demanded / It is strange that such a ordered / requested that等從句中，謂語動詞用should+動詞原形person should be our friends.It is time that句型中動詞用過去式或should+動詞原形It s high time that we left.would rather 所接的從句中動詞用過去式或者過去完成式I would rather you stayed at home now.If only 句型中動詞常用過去式或者過去完成式，表示強烈的愿

21、望If only our dream had come true!十四、重要句型1 It was not until midnight that he finished his task. 2.Not until he came back from abroad was I able to see him again. 3.The harder you work, the greater progress you will make. 4.He walked around the house, gun in hand. 5.May you be in good health! 6.Wish y

22、ou a pleasant journey back home! 7.The professor was a humorous man with big nose and deep-set eyes. 8.What surprised me most was his imagination and patience. 9.He lay on the grass, with his eyes looking at the sky and his hands under his head. 10.Sitting under the tree are Mr. Green and his first

23、teacher. 11.On the wall hang two pictures of famous scientists. 12.Looking back upon those past years, he couldn t help feeling very proud. 13.No sooner(Hardly) had he arrived at the theatre than(when) the play started. 14.Young as he is, he has learned advanced mathematics. 15.How I regret the hour

24、s wasted in the woods and fields! 16.There stands a beautiful vase in the corner of the room. 17.Ten miles north of the town lies a paper factory. 18.There goes the bell. 19.Nowhere has the world ever seen such a bird as here. 20.It is no use crying for help. 21.If only I had been your student in th

25、e middle school! 22.It is believed that such a thing will not happen again. 23.Only when he explained did I realize the reason for this. 24.“He works particularly hard.” “So he does, and so do you.”25.Not only Alice but also Jane and Mary are tired of having one examination after another. 26.Such wa

26、s Albert Einstein, a simple person of great achievements 十五、動詞搭配1. add to 增加，增進、 add to把 加進 、add up 相加、 add up to 總計，所有這一切說明 1) I dont think these facts will _ anything. 2) Fifty new books have been _ the library. 3) The music _ our enjoyment of the film. 4) You must have made a mistake when you _ t

27、he bill _. ( add up to, added to, add to, added up )2. break away from 打破，脫離，掙脫，改掉、break down 出毛病，身體 (精神 )衰弱，分解，拆開、break off 暫停，中斷、 break in 強行進入，插話、break into 闖入、 break into pieces 成為碎片、 break out 爆發(fā)、 break up搗碎，驅(qū)散，瓦解，學(xué)期結(jié)束，拆散、break through 突破1) The criminal managed to break _ _ the police and ran i

28、nto the woods. 2) When he heard the news, he broke _ and cried. 3) Dont break _ while others are speaking. 學(xué)習(xí)好資料 歡迎下載4) Why dont you break _ for a few minutes and have some coffee? 5) When does school break _? 6) After harvest we break _ the soil with a tool pulled by two oxen. ( away from, down, in

29、, off, up, up ) 3. bring up 撫養(yǎng)，嘔吐，提出、bring about 造成 、bring out 拿出，出版、bring in 引入，引進，掙錢、bring back 使回想起、 bring down 使下降，使倒下 1) The shopkeeper brought his price _ to only five dollars. 2) The school has brought _ new foreign teachers to teach oral English. 3) The song brought _ happy memories of our s

30、chooldays. 4) Do you know what brought _ this misunderstanding? 5) The kind old man agreed to bring _ the young orphan. 6) We decided to bring the matter _ at the next meeting. 7) The wind brought _ a lot of trees last night. 8) Next month they will bring _ a new edition of textbook. ( down, in, bac

31、k, about, up, up, down, out ) 4. call on 號召， 拜訪（某人）、call at 拜訪、 參觀（某地）、call for 去叫某人 , 要求 , 需要、 call up 使回憶起 , 征召入伍、 call in 召集，請某人來、call out 大喊，高叫、 call off 取消，不舉行1) Doctors are often called _ in the middle of the war. 2) Please wait for me at home. Ill call _ you at your house at seven tonight. 3)

32、 The trains calls _ several big cities between Beijing and Guangzhou. 4) He called her name _, but she didnt answer. 5) The sports meet was called _ on account of the rain. ( in, for, at, out, off) 5. come about 發(fā) 生 ， 出 現(xiàn) 、 come down 下 跌 ， 落 ， 降 ， 傳 下 來、 come in 進 來 、 come into (sight/being/existenc

33、e/use/notice/effect) 、come on來臨 / 快點、come out 出版，結(jié)果是、come along 一道來，趕快、 come to 達到 (an end/an agreement/a stop)蘇醒，合計，總共是、come over走過來、 come up 發(fā)芽，走近 、come across偶然碰到、 come back 回想起、 come from 來自，源自1) I come _ the book I lent you last month. 2) How did it come _ that you both got lost? I thought you

34、had a map. 3) It suddenly came _ to me where I had seen the boy before. 4) Come _ now, or else we shall be late. 5) He came _ me like a tiger. 6) The price of petrol has come _ since the beginning of this year. 7) The word came _ use many years ago. 8) When the examination result came _, he had alre

35、ady got a job. 9)The bill came _ over a thousand dollars. 10) I sowed the seeds over a month ago, but they havent come _ yet. ( for, about, back, on, at, down, into, out, to, up ) 、cut up 連根拔除， 切碎 、through6. cut across抄近路、cut down 砍倒，削減 、cut off 切斷，割掉， 斷絕關(guān)系剪斷，鑿穿、 cut out 刪（省）掉，戒掉、cut in 插嘴1) Dont cu

36、t _ this tree. It will be very shady in summer. 2) You must cut _ the number of cigarettes you smoke, or it will cause illness. 3) We decided to cut _ the moor （曠野）to the village. 、die from 死于（意外事故、情形）、4) Cutting the tree _ means cutting the tree into pieces. 5) The electricity was cut _ when the la

37、dy refused to pay the bill. 6) We were having a pleasant conversation when Tom cut _. （down, down, across, up, off, in ）7. die of (disease/hunger/grief/old age)死于（疾病，饑餓，寒冷，情感原因）die away 漸漸消逝、 die out 絕種、 die down(爐火 )漸熄、 die off 逐一死去8. fall behind 落后、fall over ones feet 跌跤、 fall down 掉下，跌倒、fall back

38、 撤退，后退 1) Babies often fall _ when they are learning to walk. 2) Our team seems to have fallen _ the others. 3) As soon as the enemies fell _, the people returned to their village. 4) She fell_ the bench and had her leg broken. （down, behind, back, over ）9. go in for 從事，喜愛，參加、go through 通過，經(jīng)受、go ove

39、r 復(fù)習(xí)，檢查、 go up（價格）上漲，建造起來、go after 追捕，追趕、 go against違反、 go ahead先行，開始吧，問吧，說吧、go away 離開、 go by 時間過去、go down 下沉， 降低，（日、 月）西沉、 go on(with)繼續(xù)進行、 go with 相配， 陪同、 go without 沒有， 缺少、 go out 外出， 熄滅、 go all out 全力以赴、 go off 爆炸， 進行， 變壞， 斷電，停止供應(yīng)、 go back on背約， 食言、 go beyond超出1) Many new factories have gone _

40、in the past few years. 2) Rents have gone _ greatly recently. 學(xué)習(xí)好資料 歡迎下載3) Many years have gone _ since we first met. 4) Lets continue our journey until the sun goes _. 5) His actions went _ the will of the people, 6) I cant do it, for it goes _ my duty. 7) Over 100 students went _ this entrance exa

41、mination. 8) The bomb went _ and killed ten people. 9) The buyer went _ the car carefully before reaching a decision. 10) This tie doesnt go _ my blue shirt. 11) If you think you can solve the problem, go _. 12) Many students went _ playing basketball. (up, up, by, down, against, beyond, through, of

42、f, over, with, ahead, in for ) 10. get down 下來，記下，使沮喪、get down to 致力于，專心于、下車、 get in 收集，插（話）、get away 逃跑，逃脫，去休假、get on 進展，進步，穿上，上車、get off 脫下 ,get over 忘記，越過，克服，從疾病中恢復(fù)、get along with 進展，相處、 get up 起床、 get through 打通電話，完成，通過、get round 消息傳開、 get close to sth. 接近，幾乎、get into (trouble) 、get to (know) 、

43、get back 取回，收回、 get out 1) She spoke so fast that I couldnt get _ what he said. 2) We will find ways to get _ difficulties. 3) The story has got _, and everyone knows about it. 4) When I get _ with the report, Ill go to the cinema. 5) After a delicious meal the two men got _ to business. 6) Dont alw

44、ays get _ a word when others are speaking. 7) It took me a long time to get _ such an unpleasant experience. (down, over, round, through, down, in, over) 11. give away 贈送，泄露，出賣、give out 發(fā)出，疲勞，分發(fā)，公布、give off 發(fā)出（光、熱、氣體） 、give in (to sb.) 屈服、 give up 放棄，讓（座位）1) His accent at last gave him _. 2) The liq

45、uid gave _ a strong smell. 3) The headmaster gave _ the names of the prize-winners. 4) The soldiers gave _ the town to the enemies. 5) Who will help me to give the books _? 6) Dont believe in those who give his friends _. 7) After a long walk, my strength gave _. (away, off, out, up, out, away, out)

46、 12. hand in 交上，提交、 hand out 分發(fā)、hand down 流傳，遺傳13. hang about 閑逛、 hang up 掛電話14. hold back 阻止，隱瞞、 hold up 舉起，使停頓、hold on 別掛電話，等，堅持、hold out 持續(xù)，堅持，伸出 、hold down 控制，鎮(zhèn)壓1) Im sure he is holding something _. 2) She managed to hold _ her emotion until her guests had left. Then she cried. 3) Tell him to ho

47、ld _ a moment. Ill come soon. 4) Our food supply wont hold _ for more than a few days. 5) The train was held _ as a result of the floods. 6) These measures helped to hold _ the citys population. 7) Hold _ your left arm, please. (back, back, on, out, up, down, up) 15. keep up (courage, English, spiri

48、ts)保持、 keep up with 跟上、 keep off (grass)不接近，離開、keep away from避開，不接近，離 遠遠的、 keep out of 、keep to (rules, promise)堅持，遵守 、keep on 繼續(xù)，堅持下來、keep back 阻止，留下，隱瞞，扣下、keep from 克制，阻止 1) The angry lady told the strangers to keep _ from her. 2) I can hardly keep _ my tears after hearing his words. 3) Only pride

49、 kept her _ bursting into tears. 4) I can scarcely keep _ asking him what he has done. 5) Dont touch me, screamed the woman, Keep _! 6) Keep _ until you succeed. 7) Keep _ your courage, and youll succeed in the end. 8) The thick coat can keep the cold _. 9) Always try to keep _ the rules when you pl

50、ay a game. 10) I cant keep _ with everything youre doing. (away, back, from, from, off, on, up, out, to, up) 16. knock at/on 敲、 knock into 撞到某人身上、knock down 撞倒、 knock out of 把 敲出、 knock over 撞倒 、knock off 停止工作，休息 1) The boxer soon knocked his opponent _. 2) The office stuff knocks _ at six every day

51、. 學(xué)習(xí)好資料 歡迎下載3) Try knocking _ the window and see if there is anyone indoors. 4) He was so absorbed in his book that he knocked _ the car parked there. (down, off, on, into) 17. leave for 離開前往、 leave out 刪去，遺漏 、leave behind 遺留 ,忘記拿走 遺留，剩下，延期1) Whose name has been left _? demanded the teacher. 2) When

52、 he died, he left all his property _ his niece. 3) He suddenly realized that he had left his umbrella _. 4) Dont leave this matter _ until tomorrow. 5) Leave some meat _ for tomorrow. 6) Those are questions left _ by history. (out, to, behind, over, over, over) 、leave to 留給，遺囑贈于、 leave over18. look

53、up 查找，向上看、look through 翻閱，瀏覽、look on 旁觀、look on as看作、look into 調(diào)查、look after/ at / for 照顧 /看/尋找、look out(for) 當心、look about / around/round 四下查看、 look down upon 瞧不起、look back upon 回憶，回顧、 look ab. up and down 仔細打量某人、look ab in the face/eyes直視某人1) I spent two hours looking _ the students papers. 2)Look

54、 _! There is a big hole in front. 3) He took part in the game, and the rest of us just looked _ and cheered for him. 4) The old man looked _ upon the days of his youth. 5) She was so snobbish（勢利） that she looked _ upon all his neighbours. 6) The police promised to look _ the case as soon as possible

55、. 7) He looked _ but saw nobody, and he listened but hear nothing. (through, out, on, back, down, into, about/around/round) 19. make up 編造，配制，打扮，組成、make up for 彌補、 make into / of / from 制成、 make out 弄懂，發(fā)現(xiàn)，看出 ,填寫，開列（清單） 、 make for 走向，駛往，促使1) Can you make this length of cloth _ a suit? 2) I asked the

56、driver if he was making _ London? 3) My father made _ a check for me to buy the camera. 4) We must make the loss _ next week./ He tried hard to make _ for the damage he had done. 5) He made _ a story, which I found hard to believe. 6) Someone is coming, but I cant make _ who it is. (into, for, out,

57、up/up, up, out) 20. pass away 去世、 pass by經(jīng)過、 pass down(on) to傳給、 pass through經(jīng)歷、 pass over漠視，忽視 1) The old clock has been passed _ to me from my grandfathers grandfather. 2) The man passed _ last week in peace. 3) We are passing _ difficult times. 4) The secretary passed _ the details in the first p

58、art of his report. down, away, through, over) 21. pay back 還錢，報復(fù)、 pay for 付錢，為 受到懲罰，因 得到報應(yīng)、 pay off 還清 1) How much did you pay _ the dictionary? 2) You should pay _ the money you borrowed from me. 3) Ill pay him _ for all his crimes( 罪行 ) against me. 4) Some day, youll pay _ what you have done today

59、. 5) Has she pay _ the debt yet? （for, back, back, for, off ）22. pick up 拾起，獲得 (information) ，接人，站起，收聽，自然習(xí)得 (language/knowledge)，恢復(fù)重獲 (pick up health) 、pick out 挑選，辨認，看出1) I picked the information _ while waiting in the queue. 2) My friend has arranged to pick me _ at 6:00. 3) The patient has picked

60、 _ health during the last two weeks. 4) She picked _ the most expensive pair of shoes. 5) I cant pick John _ in the crowd. 6) Can I pick _ VOA with this short-wave radio? 7) He fell down suddenly, but picked himself _ quickly. (up, up, up, out, out, up, up) pick cotton/flower/leaves/words選詞23. put u