2022年B3U3課文翻譯及課后練習答案

1、Unit 3 Social Problems In-class Reading Passage 參考譯文掛著鑰匙的小孩 篤,篤,有人在家嗎？1 在美國過去的幾十年中,生活開支始終在連續(xù)上升；食品價格、服裝開支、住房開支以及學費不斷增高；母親們已經(jīng)不再扮演專職家庭主婦的傳統(tǒng)角色,這在肯定程度上是出于經(jīng)濟上的需要,肯定程度上也是為了使自己有一種成就感；她們越來越多地在從事著家庭以外的帶薪水的工作；2 這樣重大的角色轉(zhuǎn)換影響到整個家庭,特別是小孩；某些后果是顯而易見的；例如,晚飯時間推遲了；然而,這種轉(zhuǎn)變對感情上的影響更為微妙；母親們早上帶著負疚感離開家,由于孩子放學回家時她們不能在家等候；她們壓抑

2、著負疚心理,由于信任從長遠來看這份工作對大家都有利；她們的收入能夠使家庭積攢起孩子的高校學費、全家度一個更長的假期、買一輛新車,等等；3 孩子們在感情上所受到的影響是很大的；孩子們普遍感到受了損害,有怨恨心情；究竟有好幾個小時他們要獨自呆在家里,而他們覺得母親應當“ 在那兒” 等著他們；他們或許會需要母親幫他們完成家庭作業(yè),或是想把一天里的活動說給母親聽；然而特別常見的情形是：母親們回到家里已經(jīng)筋疲力盡,又面臨著一個緊迫的任務 家人做晚飯,而不是放松地談天； 做飯；她們的首要任務是為全4 掛鑰匙的孩子們的年齡從6 歲到 13 歲不等； 每天他們放學回家,用掛在自己脖子上的鑰匙打開家門；然后就獨

3、自呆在安寂悄悄、空空蕩蕩的房間里；對于某些孩子來說,這是一段 屬于他們自己的有所作為的時間,而對于另一些孩子來說就是令人懼怕的、孤獨的空虛；為 了安全的緣由,很多父母不答應他們的孩子出去玩或是讓別的孩子來家玩；因此這些孩子有 一種被隔離的感覺；5 接受采訪的掛鑰匙的孩子們的反應不同；一些孩子說每天有幾個小時讓他們獨自呆在家 里培育了或者說激發(fā)了他們的獨立意識和責任感；他們覺得受到了關愛與信任,而且這種感 覺增強了他們的自信心； （掛鑰匙的） 女孩子們通過觀看母親們?nèi)绾螒都彝ヅc工作中的難處 而學習了職業(yè)母親的行為榜樣；有的孩子說,他們將這一自由悠閑無人照料的時間用來提高 自己的體育技能,如打籃

4、球；仍有一些孩子就看看書或是練練樂器；全部這些孩子都把他們 放學后的這段自由時間看成是自我進展的機會；這段時間帶給了他們積極的、富有成果的寶 貴經(jīng)受；6 與此相反, 也有很多掛鑰匙的孩子對于被迫以這種方式生活表現(xiàn)出不快、怨恨以及憤慨；不少孩子聲稱他們在幼小的年齡被給予太多的責任,這是一個令人難以承擔的負擔；他們?nèi)?是小孩,需要母親的愛護、勉勵與關懷；回到一個空蕩蕩的家令人掃興孤獨,仍常常令人感 到懼怕；他們有種被母親所拋棄的感覺；究竟,在他們看來,別的孩子大多數(shù)都有一個“ 正 常” 的家,母親總是“ 在他們四周”,而自己的母親就總是不在家；很多孩子整個下午讓電視 機開著,每天如此,目的是為了減

5、輕這種被隔離的感覺；仍有,電視的聲音能給他們帶來一 點勸慰；他們常常就這樣睡著了；由于經(jīng)濟上的需要,或是出于要得到自我滿意感的頑強決心,或是兩者兼而有之,掛鑰 7 匙的孩子這一現(xiàn)象在我們的社會中已變得很普遍；然而無論出于什么樣的緣由,這已經(jīng)成為 一個緊迫的、全部的家庭都必需應對的局面；做母親的應不應當從事全日制工作已不是要提1 出的問題；考慮到這種現(xiàn)象的現(xiàn)實狀況,要提出的應是這樣一個問題：如何才能制定一個最 佳方案來有效地應對這種局面？8 明智的做法是：對這種不行防止的變化,家庭的全部成員把自己的感受與擔憂坦率地說 出來,并予以充分地爭論；要把很多因素都考慮到：孩子的個性與成熟程度,孩子獨悠閑

6、家 的時間長短,居住區(qū)四周是否安全,以及顯現(xiàn)緊急情形時能否得到救助；首要的是親子關系 的融洽度；要讓孩子們明白父母是愛他們的,這一點特別重要；孩子們感到有人愛惜他們,這會給予他們一種不行估量的情感力氣,去勝利地應對生活中顯現(xiàn)的種種困難；After-class Reading Passage 參考譯文掛著鑰匙的小孩 篤,篤,有人在家嗎？1 在美國過去的幾十年中,生活開支始終在連續(xù)上升；食品價格、服裝開支、住房開支以 及學費不斷增高；母親們已經(jīng)不再扮演專職家庭主婦的傳統(tǒng)角色,這在肯定程度上是出于經(jīng) 濟上的需要,肯定程度上也是為了使自己有一種成就感；她們越來越多地在從事著家庭以外 的帶薪水的工作；2

7、 這樣重大的角色轉(zhuǎn)換影響到整個家庭,特別是小孩；某些后果是顯而易見的；例如,晚 飯時間推遲了；然而,這種轉(zhuǎn)變對感情上的影響更為微妙；母親們早上帶著負疚感離開家,由于孩子放學回家時她們不能在家等候；她們壓抑著負疚心理,由于信任從長遠來看這份工 作對大家都有利；她們的收入能夠使家庭積攢起孩子的高校學費、全家度一個更長的假期、買一輛新車,等等；3 孩子們在感情上所受到的影響是很大的；孩子們普遍感到受了損害,有怨恨心情；究竟 有好幾個小時他們要獨自呆在家里,而他們覺得母親應當“ 在那兒” 等著他們；他們或許會需要母親幫他們完成家庭作業(yè),或是想把一天里的活動說給母親聽；然而特別常見的情形是：母親們回到家

8、里已經(jīng)筋疲力盡,又面臨著一個緊迫的任務 家人做晚飯,而不是放松地談天； 做飯；她們的首要任務是為全4 掛鑰匙的孩子們的年齡從6 歲到 13 歲不等； 每天他們放學回家,用掛在自己脖子上的鑰匙打開家門；然后就獨自呆在安寂悄悄、空空蕩蕩的房間里；對于某些孩子來說,這是一段 屬于他們自己的有所作為的時間,而對于另一些孩子來說就是令人懼怕的、孤獨的空虛；為 了安全的緣由,很多父母不答應他們的孩子出去玩或是讓別的孩子來家玩；因此這些孩子有 一種被隔離的感覺；5 接受采訪的掛鑰匙的孩子們的反應不同；一些孩子說每天有幾個小時讓他們獨自呆在家 里培育了或者說激發(fā)了他們的獨立意識和責任感；他們覺得受到了關愛與信

9、任,而且這種感 覺增強了他們的自信心； （掛鑰匙的） 女孩子們通過觀看母親們?nèi)绾螒都彝ヅc工作中的難處 而學習了職業(yè)母親的行為榜樣；有的孩子說,他們將這一自由悠閑無人照料的時間用來提高 自己的體育技能,如打籃球；仍有一些孩子就看看書或是練練樂器；全部這些孩子都把他們 放學后的這段自由時間看成是自我進展的機會；這段時間帶給了他們積極的、富有成果的寶 貴經(jīng)受；6 與此相反, 也有很多掛鑰匙的孩子對于被迫以這種方式生活表現(xiàn)出不快、怨恨以及憤慨；不少孩子聲稱他們在幼小的年齡被給予太多的責任,這是一個令人難以承擔的負擔；他們?nèi)?是小孩,需要母親的愛護、勉勵與關懷；回到一個空蕩蕩的家令人掃興孤獨,仍常常令

10、人感 到懼怕；他們有種被母親所拋棄的感覺；究竟,在他們看來,別的孩子大多數(shù)都有一個“ 正2 ?！?的家,母親總是“ 在他們四周”,而自己的母親就總是不在家；很多孩子整個下午讓電視 機開著,每天如此,目的是為了減輕這種被隔離的感覺；仍有,電視的聲音能給他們帶來一 點勸慰；他們常常就這樣睡著了；7 由于經(jīng)濟上的需要,或是出于要得到自我滿意感的頑強決心,或是兩者兼而有之,掛鑰 匙的孩子這一現(xiàn)象在我們的社會中已變得很普遍；然而無論出于什么樣的緣由,這已經(jīng)成為 一個緊迫的、全部的家庭都必需應對的局面；做母親的應不應當從事全日制工作已不是要提出的問題；考慮到這種現(xiàn)象的現(xiàn)實狀況,要提出的應是這樣一個問題：如

11、何才能制定一個最 佳方案來有效地應對這種局面？8 明智的做法是：對這種不行防止的變化,家庭的全部成員把自己的感受與擔憂坦率地說 出來,并予以充分地爭論；要把很多因素都考慮到：孩子的個性與成熟程度,孩子獨悠閑家 的時間長短,居住區(qū)四周是否安全,以及顯現(xiàn)緊急情形時能否得到救助；首要的是親子關系 的融洽度；要讓孩子們明白父母是愛他們的,這一點特別重要；孩子們感到有人愛惜他們,這會給予他們一種不行估量的情感力氣,去勝利地應對生活中顯現(xiàn)的種種困難；課內(nèi)閱讀練習答案Part One Preparation 1. Describing the Pictures Picture A ：A couple is

12、dining at a restaurant. Both of them are smoking. But they call and complain to the waiter, saying that those sitting at the other tables are coughing too much and that bothers them. However, they have not realized that actually it is their smoking that has caused those people to cough. I have seen

13、many people who behave like this couple. They never take other people s interest into consideration. They are selfish and always ready to find fault with others. They never see their own wrong doings but always make a false counter-charge. They are despised by most other people. Picture B: In this p

14、icture I see a strange beggar. While most beggars beg for food or drinks, this guy begs for money in order to buy wines. He wants to try all the 596,704 wines existing in this world. He said he already tasted 38,279 wines out of that number. Suppose he tries one kind of wine one day, it would have t

15、aken him more than 100 years to come so far. He is really an ambitious man. However, if he has the ambition to try all the existing wines, he should work hard and make money himself instead of begging for other people s money to enjoy what life can offer. There are some people like this beggar these

16、 days. They want to enjoy life, but not based on their own hard work or effort. They want a free lunch and many of them live on borrowed money. I don t think this is a good attitude towards life. Everyone should work hard to make a good living. Picture C: I see a court with a judge, a defendant and

17、probably a lawyer in the picture. What is strange about this picture is that I find a tip pot, which is usually placed in a restaurant for waiters or waitress. They get tips for their excellent services to their customers. Waiters or waitresses who get generous tips will provide even better service

18、to customers. However, a court is a place for people to seek justice and fairness. It 3 punishes the guilty and releases the innocent. If judges start to take tips, I doubt that there will be any more justice. People will no longer be treated equally and truth will not be valued. Judgment will not b

19、e made based on facts, but on how big the tip is. What an evil place. Picture D: In this picture I see two men behind bars. One is telling his fellow prisoner that he did not commit the crimes that he had been accused of committing. His mistake was that he stole the identity of a guy who had committ

20、ed those crimes. The police took him for that guy and put him in jail. They actually got the wrong person. And he was innocent. Was he really innocent. I don t think so. He was a thief, and he was not innocent at all. However, he received a heavier punishment than he deserved. So that was an irony.

21、The guy stole another person crimes as well. So never take other people punishment. s identity and in a sense he inherited his s stuff, whatever it is. No one can escape 2. Interview timethe most intolerable behaviors in public places -I have interviewed 5 classmates, two girls and three boys. I ask

22、ed each of them to list three intolerable behaviors in public places. Three of them said speaking loudly in the library was the most intolerable behavior. Library is a quiet place for students to read and do their homework. If someone speaks loudly, most of them feel interrupted and disturbed. It is

23、 hard for them to concentrate on their studies any longer. Other intolerable behaviors include knocks at a dormitory door at midnight asking about homework due the next day, someone not taking bath for a long time, letting pets pee everywhere, smoking, wearing clothes that cover very little of the b

24、ody, being late for classes, banging doors, and making big noises while eating. -I asked 6 students what they thought were the most intolerable behaviors in public places. It seems that public display of love kissing in public places and video talk with boyfriends in dorm ranks the first. It makes t

25、hose who have no boyfriend or girlfriend feel pathetic about themselves and it also makes roommates unable to concentrate on studies. Other intolerable behaviors are playing computer games in the dormitory, riding bicycles in the wrong direction, spitting, taking off ones shoes, picking flowers from

26、 a park, shaking legs, pretending to understand others, leaving dirty clothes in the bathroom for days, doing morning exercises before 6 o clock, jumping the queue, and letting young children pee or poo on street 3. Conference on Social Problems Chinese delegate : I think the biggest social problem

27、in China is its large population. Many other problems arise from this, such as high housing price and the decline of natural resources. These days, food safety seems to be the biggest concern of ordinary people. Some food producers who look for big profits are using unnecessary chemicals in food pro

28、duction to improve the appearance and taste while reducing the cost of their products. These chemicals may be poisonous or even fatal to their consumers. At the same time, the environment is being seriously polluted in some areas. Japanese delegate: The unstable political system and frequent change

29、of prime ministers is one of the most serious social problems in Japan. Natural disasters like earthquakes and tsunamis have also caused serious loss of peoples lives and great damage to properties as well as the country s economic development. Being an island country, Japan lacks natural resources

30、and is heavily 4 dependent on imports. Russian delegate: Russia is facing many social problems, terrorism being the most serious of all. This can be traced back to the breakup of the former Soviet Union. When it was broken up, different nationalities experienced pain and conflicts. Since the privati

31、zation of the previously state-owned properties, a big gap has been created between the rich and the poor. Some people don t trust the government any longer. Due to the extreme cold weather in winter, many Russian men are addicted to alcohol and some of them die young, leaving a larger female popula

32、tion. The total population of our country is, as a result, decreasing. Indian delegate: In India the biggest social problems are overpopulation, talent loss and poor infrastructure. India has a second largest population in the world next only to China, but unlike China, we don t have a family planni

33、ng policy, so the population is continuously increasing. A large part of the population lives in poverty and is unable to receive proper education. What s more, we use too much of the natural resources and environment pollution is getting even worse. In India, we worship certain animals like cows. T

34、hey are allowed to wander on the streets, leading to frequent traffic jam and cow waste on the streets. USA delegate : We are currently experiencing the most severe economic recession in our history. It is partly caused by the international weakened financial system, but even more by the careless po

35、licies of many of our largest banks and commercial companies, and by irresponsible handling of financial matters by individuals and families. The unemployment rate in the US remains high, but is slowly improving. We have a high crime rate, including several campus shootings, and many of our metropol

36、itan areas are unsafe much of the time. Our health care system is undergoing a reform but there is so much disagreement between the two main political parties that little progress has been made to date. Ordinary people have difficulty paying for the high cost of medical coverage, and economically de

37、prived people have very limited medical coverage. We have overused and poorly handled many of our natural resources. The worst of all, we claim to have the best medical care in the world, but in reality it adequately covers only the higher and middle income portions of our population. All of the abo

38、ve have contributed to rather pessimistic feeling by many of our citizens. We also have disagreement on the global warming and other programs related to energy use, including the fact that we have been very dependent upon petroleum purchase from some Middle East countries with whom we have serious p

39、olitical differences, including the role of atomic energy and related atomic bombs and missiles. Part Two Reading-Centered Activities Pre-Reading Case study: What would you do. To the teacher: You may: 1 Prompt if necessary the students to think about practical issues like child-care, location of th

40、e school, location of the apartment, work place, etc. 2 Encourage the students to justify why both parents or just one accept the jobs. Samples 1 It depends. If I were the wife, I would persuade my husband to accept the job. As for me, before 5 making a final decision, I would take into consideratio

41、n such factors as child-care facilities, location of the school, location of the apartment, etc. 2 Both of us will accept the jobs. On the one hand, the jobs are challenging, which is good for our personal fulfillment. On the other hand, with the money we get, we could find a babysitter for our chil

42、d or send him to a private school, where he may receive better education. 3 Neither of us will take the job. I think parents should spend more time with their children. A challenging, high-salary job means less time with your child. If we move to a city where we t have any relatives, it would be eve

43、n worse. A child who grows up with little care from donparents or family is very likely to become a problem kid. Post- Reading Reading Comprehension 1. What the Text Discusses 1 financial 2 career 3 later 4 guilty 5 hurt 6 resentful 7 productive 8 independence 9 responsibility 10 trusted 11 frighten

44、ing 12 resentment 13 abandoned 14 factors 15 quality 2. Understanding Specific Information 1 T 2 F 3 T 4 F 5 T 6 F 7 T 8 F 3. Comparing Experiences Samples 1 In our group, two of us were latchkey children, two were taken care of by their grandparents, and one was taken care of by his mother because

45、his mother did not work. The two who were once latchkey children had felt very much the same as the children mentioned in the passage. They felt lonely and watched TV a lot. But compared with the other students in our group, they are more independent. So in a way, it is good to leave children alone

46、at home for some time every day. 2 In our group, only one person was once a latchkey child. Both her parents were working far away from home and she had to be on her own at home for most of the time on weekdays. The rest of us were taken care of either by our grandparents or by our parents. Every da

47、y when we came home after school, there was always somebody there waiting for us and taking care of us. We could also go out and play with other children after we had finished our homework. But sometimes we did wish to be left alone so that we could spend the time as we wished. I was once a latchkey

48、 child. Both my parents had to work night shifts when I was in elementary 3 school. Every evening I did homework all by myself and then went to bed. I played computer games for a while if I finished my homework early. Sometimes I went to school before my parents came home. My parents knew that I cou

49、ld take good care of myself. They felt proud of me since I was so independent and did a good job at school. Sometimes they called me to make sure I was okay. I never felt lonely and was aware that my parents loved and cared for me. Weekends were precious time for all of us. Vocabulary 1. 6 Section A

50、: 1 c 2 h 3 g 4 a 5 e 6 k 7 i 8 d 9 l 10 b 11 j 12 f Section B: 1 constantly 2 impact 3 burden 4 Candidly 5 fulfillment 6 salaried 7 resentment 8 assistance 9 perfect 10 suppress 2. 1 successfully 2 resentment 3 security 4 necessity 5 advisable 6 access/accessibility 7 athletic 8 maturity 9 emotiona

51、l 10 effectively 3. Sentence-Making Game Tips for teachers: Step 1: Write on the blackboard about 20 words or phrases that appear in the text. An even number is desirable since the students will be divided into 2 groups. A possible list: rise decade expense financial affect on the other hand priorit

52、y engage range forbid isolate stimulate express claim widespread given work out take into consideration in case of secure arise cope with demand provide Step 2: Divide the students into two groups. Step 3: The students make sentences using the words on the blackboard. Each sentence can include more

53、than one word and must be meaningful and grammatically correct. One point is awarded for each correctly used word. The teacher crosses out the word which has been correctly used. If the word is crossed out, it cannot be used again. Step 4: Students are encouraged to work quickly and raise their hand

54、s as soon as they come up with a sentence. The teacher works as a judge; the group that gets higher points wins. Translation Directions : Translate the following sentences into English, using the expressions in brackets. 1 Because of an emergency, the doctor will not be available for several hours.

55、2 How will taxes affect people with low incomes. 3 My mother always told me that in the long run I would be glad I didnt give up practicing the piano. 4 The books range in price from $10 to $20. 5 It seems to me that you dont have much choice.6 Given their inexperience, they have done quite a good j

56、ob. 7 For such a big house the price is fairly cheap/low, but youve got to take into consideration the money you will spend on repairs. 8 Can we begin by discussing questions/problems arising from the last meeting. Part Three Further Development 1. Enriching Your Word Power 7 Step One 1 A 2 B 3 A 4

57、A 5 A 6 C 7 C 8 A 9 C 10 B Step Two Directions: Work out the Criminal Crossword in groups 請參照其次版老師用書第三冊第三課第 56 頁上的圖 Step Three Directions: Complete the following text with the appropriate word . 1 creates 2 individuals 3 makes 4 combination 5 however 6 fall 7 responsible 8 which 9 difference 10 that

58、 11 tempted 12 used 13 lowest 14 died 15 reducing 16 quick 17 reason 18 principle 19 minor 20 message 2. Putting the Paragraphs in Order Step One Directions: Read the following paragraphs carefully and put them in the right order. The right order should be: E B FCA GD 3. Graffiti - Is it good or bad

59、. STEP One Answers for reference: Political : We want work. End violence to women now. Tourists yes troops no. Make love not war. Funny: Pat John. Once I could never finish anything, but now IMickey Mouse is a rat. This could also be political a criticism of the whole Disney Empire. Poetic: Roses ar

60、e red, violets are blue, why cant black be beautiful too.Geography is everywhere. This could be silly. These are only for your reference, there are no definite answers. STEP TWO Reasons for reference: - show “innocent” hearts and signs of love;- desire to express anger against someone or something;