電子商務(wù)英文課件：ch06 E-Supply Chains,Collaborative Commerce,And Corporate Portals

1、Chapter 6E-Supply Chains,Collaborative Commerce,And Corporate PortalsCopyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallLearning Objectives Define the e-supply chain and describe its characteristics and components.List supply chain problems and their causes.List solutions provided by

2、e-commerce (EC) for supply chain problems.Describe RFID supply chain applications.Define c-commerce and list the major types.6-1Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallLearning Objectives Describe collaborative planning and collaboration, planning, forecasting, and replenis

3、hing (CPFR) and list the benefits of each.Discuss integration along the supply chain.Understand corporate portals and their types and roles.Describe e-collaboration tools such as workflow software and groupware.Describe Collaboration 2.0 technology and tools.6-2Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

4、 Publishing as Prentice HallE-Supply Chainssupply chainThe flow of materials, information, money, and services from raw material suppliers through factories and warehouses to the end customerse-supply chainA supply chain that is managed electronically, usually with Web technologies6-3Copyright 2010

5、Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall6-4Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallE-Supply ChainsSUPPLY CHAIN PARTSUpstream supply chainprocurementThe process made up of a range of activities by which an organization obtains or gains access to the resources (mat

6、erials, skills, capabilities, facilities) they require to undertake their core business activitiesInternal supply chain and value chainDownstream supply chain6-5Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallE-Supply Chainssupply chain management (SCM)A complex process that requir

7、es the coordination of many activities so that the shipment of goods and services from supplier right through to customer is done efficiently and effectively for all parties concerned. SCM aims to minimize inventory levels, optimize production and increase throughput, decrease manufacturing time, op

8、timize logistics and distribution, streamline order fulfillment, and overall reduce the costs associated with these activities6-6Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallE-Supply Chainse-supply chain management (e-SCM)The collaborative use of technology to improve the operat

9、ions of supply chain activities as well as the management of supply chainsinformation visibilityThe process of sharing critical data required to manage the flow of products, services, and information in real time between suppliers and customers6-7Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as

10、Prentice HallE-Supply ChainsActivities and Infrastructure of e-SCMSupply Chain Replenishmente-procurementThe use of Web-based technology to support the key procurement processes, including requisitioning, sourcing, contracting, ordering, and payment. E-procurement supports the purchase of both direc

11、t and indirect materials and employs several Web-based functions such as online catalogs, contracts, purchase orders, and shipping noticesSupply Chain Monitoring and Control Using RFIDInventory Management Using Wireless Devices6-8Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallE-Su

12、pply Chainscollaborative planningA business practice that combines the business knowledge and forecasts of multiple players along a supply chain to improve the planning and fulfillment of customer demandCollaborative Design and Product DevelopmentE-LogisticsInfrastructure for e-SCM6-9Copyright 2010

13、Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallSupply Chain Problems and SolutionsTYPICAL PROBLEMS ALONG THE SUPPLY CHAINbullwhip effectErratic shifts in order up and down supply chainsNeed for information sharing along the supply chainEC SOLUTIONS ALONG THE SUPPLY CHAINvisibilityThe knowledge a

14、bout where materials and parts are at any given time, which helps in solving problems such as delay, combining shipments, and more6-10Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallRFID as a Key Enabler in Supply Chain Managementradio frequency identification (RFID)Tags that can b

15、e attached to or embedded in objects, animals, or humans and use radio waves to communicate with a reader for the purpose of uniquely identifying the object or transmitting data and/or storing information about the object6-11Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall6-12Copyr

16、ight 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall6-13Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallRFID as a Key Enabler in Supply Chain ManagementLIMITATIONS AND CONCERNS OF RFIDCostInterference and accuracy Limited range in passive RFIDEnvironment restrictions on us

17、agePrivacyRUBEE: AN ALTERNATIVE TO RFID?RuBeeBidirectional, on-demand, peer-to-peer radiating transceiver protocol under development by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers6-14Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallCollaborative Commercecollaborative comme

18、rce (c-commerce)The use of digital technologies that enable companies to collaboratively plan, design, develop, manage, and research products, services, and innovative EC applicationscollaboration hub (c-hub)The central point of control for an e-market. A single c-hub, representing one e-market owne

19、r, can host multiple collaboration spaces (c-spaces) in which trading partners use c-enablers to exchange data with the c-hub6-15Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall6-16Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall6-17Copyright 2010 Pearson Educatio

20、n, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall18Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallCollaborative Commercevendor-managed inventory (VMI)The practice of retailers making suppliers responsible for determining when to order and how much to orderRetailerSupplier Collaboration: Target

21、CorporationLower Transportation and Inventory Costs and Reduced Stock-Outs: UnileverReduction of Design Cycle Time: Clarion MalaysiaReduction of Product Development Time: Caterpillar, Inc.BARRIERS TO C-COMMERCE6-19Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall6-20Copyright 2010 P

22、earson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallCollaborative Planning, CPFR, APS, and PLMcollaborative planning, forecasting, and replenishment (CPFR)Project in which suppliers and retailers collaborate in their planning and demand forecasting to optimize flow of materials along the supply chain6

23、-21Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall22Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallCollaborative Planning, CPFR, APS, and PLMadvanced planning and scheduling (APS) systemsPrograms that use algorithms to identify optimal solutions to complex plann

24、ing problems that are bound by constraintsproduct lifecycle management (PLM)Business strategy that enables manufacturers to control and share product related data as part of product design and development effortsSUPPORTING JOINT DESIGN6-23Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice

25、 Hall6-24Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallSupply Chain IntegrationHOW INFORMATION SYSTEMS ARE INTEGRATEDWeb ServicesAn architecture enabling assembly of distributed applications from software services and tying them togetherINTEGRATION ALONG THE EXTENDED SUPPLY CHAIN

26、6-25Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallCorporate (Enterprise) Portalscorporate (enterprise) portalA gateway for entering a corporate Web site, enabling communication, collaboration, and access to company information6-26Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing

27、as Prentice Hall6-27Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallCorporate (Enterprise) PortalsTYPES OF GENERIC CORPORATE PORTALSPortals for Suppliers and Other PartnersCustomer PortalsEmployee PortalsExecutive and Supervisor Portalsmobile portalsPortals accessible via mobile de

28、vices, especially cell phones and PDAs6-28Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallCorporate (Enterprise) PortalsThe Functionalities of Portalsinformation portalsPortals that store data and enable users to navigate and query the datacollaborative portalsPortals that allow co

29、llaborationCORPORATE PORTAL APPLICATIONS AND ISSUESDeveloping Portals6-29Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall6-30Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallCollaboration-Enabling Environments And ToolsworkflowThe movement of information as it flow

30、s through the sequence of steps that make up an organizations work proceduresworkflow systemsBusiness process automation tools that place system controls in the hands of user departments to automate information processing tasksworkflow managementThe automation of workflows, so that documents, inform

31、ation, and tasks are passed from one participant to the next in the steps of an organizations business process6-31Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallCollaboration-Enabling Environments And ToolsCOLLABORATION AND GROUPWARE: SOME BASIC CONCEPTSgroupwareSoftware products

32、that support groups of people who share common tasks or goals and collaborate on their accomplishmentSynchronous Versus Asynchronous Communicationvirtual teamA group of employees using information and communications technologies to collaborate from different work basesMass Collaboration6-32Copyright

33、 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallCollaboration-Enabling Environments And ToolsELECTRONIC MEETING SYSTEMS: FACE-TO-FACE SUPPORT AND VIRTUAL MEETINGSvirtual meetingsOnline meetings whose members are in different locations, even in different countriesgroup decision support syste

34、m (GDSS)An interactive computer-based system that facilitates the solution of semistructured and unstructured problems by a group of decision makers6-33Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallCollaboration-Enabling Environments And ToolsREAL-TIME COLLABORATION TOOLS FOR VIR

35、TUAL MEETINGSscreen-sharing softwareSoftware that enables group members, even in different locations, to work on the same document, which is shown on the PC screen of each participantSharing Documents and Workspaces6-34Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallCollaboration-E

36、nabling Environments And ToolsELECTRONIC TELECONFERENCINGteleconferencingThe use of electronic communication that allows two or more people at different locations to have a simultaneous conferencevideo teleconferenceVirtual meeting in which participants in one location can see participants at other

37、locations on a large screen or a desktop computer6-35Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallCollaboration-Enabling Environments And Toolsdata conferencingVirtual meeting in which geographically dispersed groups work on documents together and exchange computer files during

38、videoconferencesWeb Conferencingunified communication (UC)Simplification of all forms of communication in the enterpriseWeb CollaborationWeb Suites6-36Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallCollaboration-Enabling Environments And ToolsCollaboration 2.0The technology and to

39、ols used for collaboration in the Web 2.0 world and in Enterprise 2.0 that are in sync with social networking and user-generated contentcollaborative workspaceAn interconnected environment in which all the participants in dispersed locations can access and interact with each other just as inside a single ent