英語句子成分解析課件

1、 句子成分句子成分主語 subject謂語 predicate賓語 object表語 predicative賓補(bǔ) complement定語 attribute狀語 adverbial同位語 appositive1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主語謂語定語賓語同位語狀語1.主語（subject)：主語是一個(gè)句子的主題，是句子所陳述的主體，一般放于句首，可以是人，也可以是物，指動作的執(zhí)行者。例:那個(gè)學(xué)生問了老師一些問題.The student asked the teacher some questions.主語例:今天的天

2、氣非常好.The weather is very nice today.主語2.謂語（predicate)：謂語一般是指主語的動作或狀態(tài)，由動詞或動詞短語充當(dāng)，位置一般放于主語后面。例:他工作非常努力.He works very hard.謂語例:今天的天氣非常好.The weather is very nice today.謂語例:他在字典里查出了這個(gè)單詞. He looked up the word in the dictionary.謂語3. 賓語（object)：賓語在句子中主要充當(dāng)動作的承受者，一般放于及物動詞之后。例:老師把燈關(guān)了.The teacher turned off th

3、e lights.介賓例:他們將不會傷害我們.They wont hurt us.動賓例:他在上個(gè)星期放棄吸煙了. He gave up smoking last week.介賓賓語動賓介賓賓語分為直接賓語和間接賓語.直接賓語指物,間接賓語指人.He gave me some books.間接賓語直接賓語Please pass me the book.He bought me some flowers.4. 表語：表語主要用于表述主語的特征，狀態(tài)，身份等。它位于連系動詞后，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。連系動詞例:我是一個(gè)老師.I am a teacher.表語例:這種水果嘗起來味道很好. This kind

4、 of fruit tastes very delicious.表語1.be動詞(am, is, are, was, were)3.感官動詞(look, smell, hear, feel)+表語2.表狀態(tài)變化的動詞(get/become/turn/keep/remain/stay)例:那個(gè)女孩變得非常擔(dān)心.The girl got worried. 表語5. 定語:(attribute)定語是用來說明名詞（代詞）的品質(zhì)與特征的詞，形容詞通常作定語。這是一節(jié)生動有趣的課This is a lively and interesting class.有一些難題要處理There is somethi

5、ng difficult to deal with.前置定語后置定語It took him quite a little time to get familiar with the routes _ to the nest-shaped stadium.花了很長時(shí)間他才熟悉通往鳥巢形的體育館的路。leading定語He is a clever boy.They are building a stone bridge.There are 54 students in our class.Do you known Bettys sister?He bought some sleeping pill

6、s.There is a sleeping baby in bed.His spoken language is good.I met a friend on my way home.(形容詞)(名詞)(數(shù)詞)(名詞的所有格)(動名詞)(現(xiàn)在分詞)(過去分詞)(副詞). 狀語:(adverbial)狀語是修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞以及全句的句子成分；按用途分，可分為時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，結(jié)果，目的，條件，讓步，程度，方式，伴隨狀況等。表時(shí)間：yesterday, today, tomorrow Shall we go shopping today or tomorrow?我們是今天還是明天出去買東西啊

7、？表地點(diǎn)：in China, at the airport I saw a student in the classroom.我在教室里看見一個(gè)學(xué)生表原因: because, as, for, since他因?yàn)樯∷越裉鞗]有去上學(xué) Because he was ill, he didnt go to school today.表結(jié)果：to+do, v+ing, 從句那個(gè)男孩從樹上掉下來了，頭撞到地上了The boy fell off the tree, striking his head against the ground.表目的:in order to, in order that, f

8、or the purpose為了考入一個(gè)更好的學(xué)校，我必須更加努力In order to get into a better school, I must study even harder .表?xiàng)l件: as/so long as, if, unless,只要努力學(xué)習(xí)，你就會取得好成績As long as you study hard, you can get a high mark.表讓步: in spite of, despite, although, though他雖然不認(rèn)識我，但卻幫了我He helped me although he didnt know me.表程度: very,

9、enough, to some extent那里的風(fēng)景非常漂亮The scenery there is very beautiful.表方式: like that, as, as if不要那樣看我Dont look at me like that!表伴隨狀況：老師走進(jìn)教室，手里拿著一本書The teacher came into the classroom, catching a book in his hand.with. 補(bǔ)語:(complement)補(bǔ)語主語補(bǔ)足語：賓語補(bǔ)足語：補(bǔ)充說明主語的動作或狀態(tài)補(bǔ)充說明賓語的動作或狀態(tài)我又累又困，就去睡了。Tired and sleepy, I w

10、ent to bed.2我發(fā)現(xiàn)那本書很有趣。I found that book very interesting.主語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語你的朋友來上學(xué)時(shí)心情很不好。Your friend comes to school very upset.8. 同位語:(appositive)當(dāng)兩個(gè)同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置時(shí)，一個(gè)句子成分可被用來說明或解釋另一個(gè)句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位語。我們有兩個(gè)孩子，一男一女We have two children, a boy and a girl.那人是我的老師，他從來都不騎自行車The man, my teacher, never rides a bik

11、e.I want this diary itself to be my friend. P 77句子分類簡單句復(fù)合句并列復(fù)合句主從復(fù)合句有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡單句用連詞連接而成。如：and, but, or, so等定語從句狀語從句名詞性從句由一個(gè)主語（或并列主語）和一個(gè)謂語（或并列謂語）組成的句子.eg:Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the newspaper.由主句和從句構(gòu)成，且主從句分別有不同的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。五大基本句型一: (主謂)二: (主系表)三: (主謂賓)四:

12、 (主謂間賓直賓)五: (主謂賓賓補(bǔ))基本句型 一:(主謂)謂語:不及物動詞(vi.)沒有賓語, 形成主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。如: We come.(不及物動詞)1. The sun rose. 2. Who cares? 3. What he said does not matter. 4. They talked for half an hour. 5. The pen writes smoothly基本句型二：(是系動詞) (表語) 1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner smells good. 3. He fell in lo

13、ve. 4. Everything looks different. 5. He is growing tall and strong. 6. Our well has gone dry. 7. His face turned red. 基本句型 三: (主謂賓)此句型的特點(diǎn)是：謂語動詞都是及物動詞,必須跟有一個(gè)賓語, 即動作的承受者, 才能使意思完整。(及物動詞)(賓語)1. Whoknowsthe answer? 2. He has refusedto help them. 3. Heenjoysreading. 4. Hesaid“Good morning.”5. Headmitstha

14、t he was mistaken. 基本句型 四: (主謂間賓直賓)有些及物動詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語, e.g. give/pass/bring/show。這兩個(gè)賓語通常一個(gè)指人(間接賓語); 一個(gè)指物(直接賓語)。-Give me a cup of tea please.-Give a cup of tea to me please.give sb sth= give sth to sb(及物)(多指人)(多指物)She ordered herself a new dress. 2. He brought you a dictionary. 3. I showed him my pictures

15、. 4. I told him that the bus was late. 5. He showed me how to run the machine. 基本句型 五: (主謂賓賓補(bǔ))此句型的特點(diǎn)是: 動詞雖然是及物動詞, 但是只跟一個(gè)賓語還不能表達(dá)完整的意思, 必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來補(bǔ)足賓語, 才能使意思完整。賓語補(bǔ)足語: 位于賓語之后對賓語作出說明的成分?？梢杂米髻e語補(bǔ)足語的有名詞, 形容詞, 不定式,動名詞, 分詞, 介詞短語等。The war made him a soldier. New methods make the job easy.I often find him at

16、work.The teacher ask the students to close the windows.I saw a cat running across the road.名詞形容詞介詞短語動詞不定式動名詞 (及物) (賓語) (賓補(bǔ)) 1. They painted the door green. 3. They found the house deserted. 4. He asked me to come back soon. 5. I saw them getting on the bus. 常用的英語句子除了基本句型的成分不變通常是在這些成分的前面或后面增加一些修飾語（mo

17、difier）而加以擴(kuò)大。這些修飾語可以是單詞（主要是形容詞、副詞和數(shù)詞），也可以是 各種類型的短語（主要是介詞短語、不定式短語和分詞短語）。 We found the hall full. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)禮堂坐滿了。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師。句子的擴(kuò)展 We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師，在聽一個(gè)重要報(bào)告。 We

18、 found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師，在聽人民日報(bào)的一位同志作有關(guān)東歐局勢的重要報(bào)告。句子的擴(kuò)展a. b. c. d. e. 1. Pleas tell us a story. _2. She smiled. _3. His job is to train swimmers. _4.

19、 He noticed a man enter the room. _5. Please look at the picture. _dabec學(xué)案II. 翻譯以下句子1.你的故事聽起來很有趣。You story sounds very interesting.2.我感到有一點(diǎn)累。I felt a bit tired. 3.我妹妹是在農(nóng)村長大的。 My younger sister grew up in the country.4.這家醫(yī)院創(chuàng)建于1950年。 This hospital was set up in 1950. 5.他因?yàn)檐囎娱_得太快而違反了交通規(guī)則。 He broke the

20、traffic rule because he drove his car too fast.6、他拿出一瓶啤酒，很快將其喝光。He brought out a bottle of beer and drank it up quickly.7、順便問一下，她把錢付給你了嗎？By the way, has she paid you the money?8、下學(xué)期誰教你們生物？Who will teach you biology next term?9、他總是把他的臥室收拾得干干凈凈He always keeps his bedroom clean. 10、什么促使你這樣想的？What made you think so?劃分句子成分You will tell your friend that youve got to school. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didnt dare open a window.3. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open.4. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held m