高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題書面表達(dá)

1、2009年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題英語書面表達(dá)一.高考英語書面表達(dá)題的特點(diǎn)書面表達(dá)題旨在測(cè)試考生的英語表達(dá)能力，看其是否能夠運(yùn)用學(xué)過的英語知識(shí)和掌握的 技能進(jìn)行思想交流。從歷年高考試卷來看，書面表達(dá)是指導(dǎo)性寫作，即按照題目所給的目的、時(shí)間、對(duì)象、地點(diǎn)、內(nèi)容、長(zhǎng)度等條件去完成寫作。它不同于命題作文，可以隨意發(fā)揮； 也不是簡(jiǎn)單的句子翻譯。必須做到行文切題，緊扣中心思想，不漏要點(diǎn)，并且意思連貫， 文理通順，語言準(zhǔn)確、得當(dāng)。從近些年的高考英語書面表達(dá)題來看，我們基本上可以將書面表達(dá)題大致歸納為兩種寫 作類型：一類是文字性提示/表格提示寫作；另一類是看圖作文。二.高考作文評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)各檔次的給分范圍和要求：第五

2、檔（很好）（2125分）完全完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)覆蓋所有內(nèi)容要點(diǎn).應(yīng)用了較多的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯.-語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面有少許錯(cuò)誤，但為盡力使用較復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)或較高級(jí)詞 匯所致，具備較強(qiáng)的語言應(yīng)用能力.-有效地使用了語句間的連接成分，是全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，完全達(dá)到預(yù)期的寫作目的.第四檔（好）（16 20分）完全完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)-雖漏掉了一兩個(gè)次重點(diǎn)，但覆蓋所有主要內(nèi)容.-應(yīng)用的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯能滿足任務(wù)的要求.-語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面應(yīng)用基本準(zhǔn)確，些許錯(cuò)誤主要是因嘗試較復(fù)雜語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯所致.-應(yīng)用簡(jiǎn)單的語句間的連接成分，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊.達(dá)到預(yù)期的寫作目的.第三檔（適當(dāng)）：（1115分）基本完成試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)-

3、雖然漏掉一些內(nèi)容，但覆蓋所有主要內(nèi)容.-應(yīng)用的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯能滿足任務(wù)的要求.-有一些語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面的錯(cuò)誤，但不影響理解.應(yīng)用簡(jiǎn)單的語句間的連接成分，使全文內(nèi)容連貫.整體而言， 基本達(dá)到了預(yù)期的寫作目的.第二檔（較差）：（610分）未恰當(dāng)完成試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要內(nèi)容，寫了一些無關(guān)內(nèi)容.語法結(jié)構(gòu)單調(diào)，詞匯項(xiàng)目有限.-有一些語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面的錯(cuò)誤，影響了對(duì)寫作內(nèi)容的理解.-較少使用語句間的連接成分，內(nèi)容缺少連貫性.信息未能清楚的傳達(dá)給讀者. 第一檔(差)(15分)未完成試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)明顯遺漏主要內(nèi)容，寫了一些無關(guān)內(nèi)容，原因可能是未理解試題要求.語法結(jié)構(gòu)單調(diào)，詞匯項(xiàng)目有限.-

4、較多語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面的錯(cuò)誤，影響對(duì)寫作內(nèi)容的理解.-缺少語句間的連接成分，內(nèi)容不連貫.信息未傳達(dá)給讀者.0分：(未能傳達(dá)給讀者任何信息；內(nèi)容太少，無法評(píng)判；寫的內(nèi)容均與所要求內(nèi)容無關(guān)或 所寫內(nèi)容無法看清.)三.寫作的基本要求(1)中心突出，主題明確(2)層次清楚，條理清晰(3)表達(dá)力強(qiáng)，傳情達(dá)意(4)語句通順，句型多變(5)過渡自然，銜接緊湊(6)標(biāo)點(diǎn)正確，大/小寫無誤四.方法指導(dǎo)根據(jù)我國(guó)英語教學(xué)現(xiàn)狀(7)字跡清楚，卷面整潔大綱規(guī)定詞匯的有限、地區(qū)差異性大，決定了在寫作方面沒有確定很高的的要求，書面表達(dá)實(shí)質(zhì)上仍是 裁、人稱運(yùn)用正確的基礎(chǔ)上必須做到以下四點(diǎn):指導(dǎo)性寫作因此一篇比較好的書面表達(dá)在

5、體寫明全部或絕大部分要點(diǎn)語言基本無誤行文連貫，表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確字?jǐn)?shù)符合要求，書寫規(guī)范、工整五.書面表達(dá)六步法1、仔細(xì)審題、明確要求審題目要求考試時(shí)間有限，如果匆忙下筆，寫糟了以后再重寫，不僅卷面不整潔，而且時(shí)間也不允 許。因此，一定要對(duì)基本時(shí)態(tài)和特定要求要審清楚。 審文體要求根據(jù)高中英語教學(xué)大綱的要求，中學(xué)生應(yīng)掌握的文體形式有記敘文、說明文、議論文和各種應(yīng)用文（主要包括書信、日記、通知、便條等）。2、抓內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)一般說，每篇文章有 5個(gè)左右的基本要點(diǎn)，要主意抓全，避免遺漏，同時(shí)也要注意要點(diǎn) 的組織和條理化3、將要點(diǎn)擴(kuò)展成句完成該步驟時(shí)，一要搞清謂語所表示動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，選擇好主語；二要搞清動(dòng)作發(fā)生的 時(shí)間

6、，使用合適的時(shí)態(tài)；三要根據(jù)上下文和自己對(duì)題目要求和提示信息的進(jìn)一步理解增加相 關(guān)句子成分，調(diào)整某些說法。另外，要做到用詞有疑，另找替代”、法不成，另尋他途”選擇使用自己最熟悉的詞語和句型以及自己最有把握的表達(dá)方式，以達(dá)揚(yáng)長(zhǎng)避短的目的。對(duì) 于英語基礎(chǔ)好的同學(xué)，要嘗試變換句式，如強(qiáng)調(diào)句、倒裝句、感嘆句、省略句、各種從句和 固定句型等，長(zhǎng)句和短句交錯(cuò)使用。4、連句成文，過渡自然完成該步驟時(shí)，一要注意前后句之間的過渡要自然。為了使文章在整體上結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)密，渾然一體，應(yīng)該在句子與句子之間， 甚至段落與段落之間， 恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂靡恍┍硎静⒘小⑦f進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果等關(guān)系的連詞或其他過渡性語句；二要根據(jù)行文和題目需要再加

7、上一些合適的內(nèi) 容；三要根據(jù)行文，在需要時(shí)對(duì)短文進(jìn)行適當(dāng)分段。5、查錯(cuò)改錯(cuò)復(fù)讀檢驗(yàn)，通讀全文，看看要點(diǎn)是否齊全，提示的英文詞語是否用到，行文是否流暢， 句型、時(shí)態(tài)、拼寫、詞的搭配是否正確，大小寫和標(biāo)點(diǎn)是否規(guī)范，字?jǐn)?shù)是否符合要求等等。 切忌草率定篇，敷衍了事。6、譽(yù)寫注意保持卷面整潔，書寫工整清楚，書寫的好壞會(huì)直接影響閱卷老師的情緒。卷面不工 整扣6分六.寫作中常用的詞語并歹U and; as well as ; also;選擇 or; eitheror;or else; otherwise原因 because ; owing to; due to ;on account of ; thanks

8、 to結(jié)果 so ; therefore ; thus ; as a result時(shí)間 when ;soon after ; before; later ; first ; and then ; next ; finally;afterwards.比較 on the contrary ; on the other hand ; like轉(zhuǎn)折 but ; yet; however ; although; in spite of ; instead ;遞進(jìn) besides ; moreover ; even ; in addition舉例 for example/instance; such as

9、 ; that is ;總結(jié) after all ; in short ; in general ; generally speaking , in all, in a word邏輯角度合適的過渡性詞匯時(shí)間順序first, second, then, finally/at last , soon immediately, suddenly空間順序here, there, on one sideon the other side,n front of, at the back of, next to對(duì)稱順序or one thing, for the other thing, on one han

10、d,on the other hand轉(zhuǎn)折順序but, however, while, though, otherwise因果順序because, since, as, thanks to, as a result (of)條件順序as long as, so long as, on condition that, if, unless讓步順序hough, as, even if/though, whether, who(what,when,where)ever遞進(jìn)順序what s more, besides, to make the matter worse,what sworse過渡性插入

11、語think, I m afraid, you know, As we all know文章及段落起始的過渡詞：To begin withTo begin with ,I d like to express my thanks to you.Generally speakingGenerally speaking, the more you practice, the more skillfully you can write in English.First of allFirst of all, doing exercise every day is important in keepin

12、g fit.文章及段落結(jié)尾的過渡詞語：Therefore, thusTherefore (thus),it takes longer time to communicate in written English than in oral English.In conclusionIn conclusion, the international agreement should be made to prevent the world from the warIn briefIn brief, birth control is very important in China.In a wordI

13、n a word, country life is more beautiful than city life.七.以下面練習(xí)為例 假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三一班的學(xué)生李華，為?？⒄Z園地寫一篇題為“Our Spring Outing的英文稿件。請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下四幅圖的先后順序，敘述上周你們班從準(zhǔn)備春游到春游結(jié)束的完提示詞： 游樂園 amusement park 垃圾箱 bin1.要點(diǎn) +2田節(jié) discuss plan + (different ideas;happy and excited)整過程。2.要點(diǎn)+細(xì)節(jié)Climb a hill + (morning/sunshine nice view/en

14、jo.要點(diǎn) + 細(xì)節(jié) collect litter/ rubbish+ (the top of hill/all kinds of litter ).要點(diǎn) + 細(xì)節(jié) Put litter/rubbish into the bin+ (different bins-recycle/non-recycle ) 范文：Last Thursday, we had a class meeting to discuss where to go for our spring outing. We came up with several choices such as going boating, clim

15、bing a mountain, and going to an amusement park. Finally, we decided to go mountain climbing.The next day, we set off early in the morning. While climbing the mountain, we enjoyed the warm sunshine and a beautiful view. However, when reached the top, we were shocked to see litter here and there, suc

16、h as bottles and banana peels. Then we started to pick up the litter. Afterwards, we put the rubbish into the nearby recycling bin and non-recycling bin respectively.We were tired but happy.八.巧妙轉(zhuǎn)換句型，輕松應(yīng)對(duì)寫作在高考英語寫作題中，由于時(shí)間的限制，許多考生寫出的句子顯得過于單調(diào)、呆板。其 實(shí)，要想在有限的時(shí)間里寫出豐富、生動(dòng)的句子并不難。只要對(duì)所學(xué)的英語句式加以轉(zhuǎn)換， 就一定能使寫出來的句子更加準(zhǔn)確

17、、得體、簡(jiǎn)潔、靈活。詞與詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞This painting is very valuable.This painting is of great value.動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞Our hometown has changed a lot these years.Great changes have taken place in my hometown these years.詞與從句的轉(zhuǎn)換As he was tired and hungry, the boy was unwilling to move on Tired and hungry, the boy was unwi

18、lling to move on.非謂語動(dòng)詞與從句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換.動(dòng)名詞和從句的轉(zhuǎn)換When he arrives, please give me an e-mail.On hearing his arrival, please give me an e-mail.分詞和從句的轉(zhuǎn)換A.現(xiàn)在分詞與從句的轉(zhuǎn)換As he was lying in the grass, he thought of his parents living in the countryside.Lying in the grass, he thought of his parents living in the country

19、side.B.過去分詞與從句的轉(zhuǎn)換Once it is seen, it will never be forgotten.Once seen, it will never be forgotten.不定式與從句的轉(zhuǎn)換He spoke louder so that the audience could hear him clearly.To make himself heard clearly, he spoke louder.3If weather permits, we shall go there on foot.Weather permitting, we shall go there

20、on foot.(邏輯主語 + 現(xiàn)在分詞)If everything is considered, his plan seems to be more workable.Everything taken into consideration, his plan seems to be more workable.(邏輯主語+過去分詞)When this was done, we went home.This done, we went home.Given good luck, I will earn more money than all of you.Good luck given, I

21、will earn more money than all of you.Because there was nothing to do, we played games.There being nothing to do, we played games.(being 不可省略)5、句與句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換.簡(jiǎn)單句與復(fù)合句的轉(zhuǎn)換The girl is spoken highly of. Her composition was well written.The girl whose composition was well written is spoken highly of. 一般句式與強(qiáng)調(diào)句的轉(zhuǎn)

22、換I graduated from the university last summer.It was last summer that I graduated from the university.條件句與祈使句的轉(zhuǎn)換If you go through the gate, you will find the entrance to Bear Country.Go through the gate, and you will find the entrance to Bear Country.賓語從句與狀語從句的轉(zhuǎn)換I wont believe what he says.No matter

23、what he says, I wont believe him.6、匕態(tài)”之間的轉(zhuǎn)換.時(shí)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換The bell is ringing now.There goes the bell.主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)People suggested that the meeting be put off.It is suggested that the meeting be put off.7、其他形式的轉(zhuǎn)換.正常語序與倒裝語序的轉(zhuǎn)換Though Im weak I will make the effort.Weak as I am, I will make the effort.They will n

24、ever give up the struggle for success Never will they give up the struggle for success.陳述語氣與虛擬語氣的轉(zhuǎn)換The ship didnt sink with all on board because there were the efforts of the captain. But for the efforts of the captain, the ship would have sunk with all on board.九.HOMEWORK:假如你參加了一次植樹活動(dòng)，請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下內(nèi)容寫一篇短文。要求包括：時(shí)間、天氣、參 加者(你的老師、同學(xué)們 卜植樹地點(diǎn)及棵數(shù)、勞動(dòng)場(chǎng)面及表現(xiàn)突出的人物、感想。注意使用以下詞語：go all out鼓足干勁；