英語概要寫作導(dǎo)練一

1、英語概要寫作導(dǎo)練一Tips on summary writing While reading 1.Whats the style of the passage?A. Narration 記敘文 B. Exposition 說明文 C. Argumentation 議論文 Who?When?Where?What?Why?How?To find out six factors in Narration (記敘文)To write a summary with about six sentences from the six factors 1)To use your own words* 2)To

2、 present the information fairly, do not give your own comments 3)To use the third person to retell 4)Tense(narration often uses the past tense)5) About 60 words While writing Write a summary of Annes bestFriendWho is the main character?When did the story happen?Where did the story happen?What happen

3、ed to Anne and her family?Why did Anne and her family hide away?How did Anne spend her lonely and frightened life ?.Who? - AnneWhen? - During the World War IIWhere?- In AmsterdamWhat?- Hide away here and thereWhy?- They were JewishHow?- Made her diary her best friend whom she could tell everyting to

4、, In one of her diaries, she described -Polish your writing (content, coherent,logical, transitional words, different structures )Hadwriting (neat and clear )After first writing 議論文概要寫作 ：Summary writing About ArgumentationPassage structure:Para1: Topic sentences Para 2: Main supporting points/eviden

5、ce Para3 ： Conclusion/ Suggestion. Language requirements : 1) To use your own words* 2) To be concise(leave out the details; Reduce the exles; Simplify the descriptions; Eliminate all repetitions. )3) To present the information fairly, do not give your own comments4) Tenses (narration often in the p

6、ast tense) 少用長難句Steps to write an argumentation summaryStep 1: Find out key sentence(s) in each paragraphPara1 : topic sentence ?Getting up early is of great importance to us all.Para 2-3: supporting sentences ?We memorize things more quickly and accurately We can become much healthier.We have time

7、to make a plan and get ready for the day.Para4 : conclusion senetnce ?We will certainly benefit a lot from it .Step2 : Paraphrase the sentences above in your own words 方法點(diǎn)撥：改寫句子時，理清要點(diǎn)之間的關(guān)系，不能簡單地照搬原句，即用自己的話改寫，做到“雁過不留痕”.不改變原意1.同意替換法.We can benefit from it = It does good to us.2.正話反說或反話正說.1)You will no

8、t succeed = You will fail.2)You cant be too careful when driving=You should be careful when driving.3) I cant agree more=I agree with you3.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換法The photo is of importance to us = The photo is important to us.4. 句式變化法Parents should give children more praise=?Children should be given more praisedPara1

9、 : Getting up early plays an important part in our daily life. The importance of getting up early in the morning can never be overemphasized. Para2-3 :It enables us to have a better memory and a healthier body. we will have enough time to make a good preparation for the day.A good preparation for th

10、e day can be achieved . Para 4:It will be of great benefit to us .It will do great good to us.Step 3 :writing a summary transitionalwords ,coherent ,logic,strucureStep 4 : Polish your writing Sle writing : The importance of getting up early in the morning can never be overemphasized . In the first p

11、lace, It enables us to have a better memory. Whats more, we can be increasingly healthy by breathing fresh air and working out in the morning. Last but not the least, we will have enough time to make a good preparation for the day. In conclusion, getting up early will benefit us a lot.(71 words)Begi

12、nning sentences:The passage/ author discusses the importance of -（本文/作者討論了-的重要性）2) The passage/author argues that-(本文/作者主張- )3) The passage/ author compares -with -(本文/作者比較了與-） 當(dāng)然, 不一定每篇記敘文都包含這六個要素,但“某人做了某事, 結(jié)果如何”是應(yīng)當(dāng)包括的。因此, 要寫好概要, 須找到以下兩個問題的答案：(1) 誰做了什么？(who did what)(2) 結(jié)果如何？(what was the result) 如

13、果是夾敘夾議的文章, 還要加上這個故事給人們的啟示或教育。 典型例題例1(2011年廣東)閱讀下面短文, 然后按要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文。 When Sam first got to his boarding school with his parents, he was very happy. He thought he would be able to go home every weekend. When he was told he would not, he started crying because the thought of not seeing his parent

14、s was driving him crazy.He was given uniforms and all other things that he would need for the term. He started crying when it was time for his parents to leave. He was then taken to the dorm, where he saw other children happy. He tried as much as he could to fit in but could not because his mind was

15、 at home. He started feeling homesick(想家)and wanted to go homes as soon as possible. He got sick soon because he could not eat the school food. He could not concentrate in the classroom. All he could think was being at home with his family. He had no mobile phone or other means to get in touch with

16、his parents. He was angry and felt lonely. He thought his parents hated him and that was why they left him in a boarding school.寫作內(nèi)容 以約60詞左右概括上文的主要內(nèi)容；解題過程第一步, 掃視材料可知是記敘文, 于是可推知,本文的概要框架應(yīng)是：Sam想家的時間、地點(diǎn)、原因、影響和結(jié)果。 寫作方法串聯(lián)要素法 寫作方法串聯(lián)要素法 記敘文的概要, 一般包括記敘文的六個要素(who; when; where; what; how; why), 也就是考生應(yīng)先通讀閱讀短文，找

17、出這六個要素,然后用自己的話將這六個要素串成6句話即可。第二步：閱讀材料，回答以下兩個問題。(1) 誰做了什么？Sam got to a boarding school and he felt homesick.(2) 結(jié)果如何？He got sick. He was angry with his parents and felt lonely.第三步：用自己的話將其串聯(lián)起來。參考范文如下： 范文1：Sam could not get used to the life of the boarding school, and he thought his parents hated him an

18、d left him in it, which made him sick, angry and lonely. 范文2：In the passage, the writer talks about Sams experience of homesickness. He suffered a lot and felt dissatisfied with his parents after being left in a boarding school. 例2 (2011年廣州一模)閱讀下面短文, 然后按要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文。內(nèi)容略寫作內(nèi)容1. 以約30個詞概括這篇演講稿的主要內(nèi)容；

19、2. 然后以約120個詞寫一篇讀后感, 說明“誠信的重要性”。解題過程 第一步, 根據(jù)寫作內(nèi)容2 , 快速獲取大意。寫作內(nèi)容2說明“誠信的重要性”，掃讀原文可以發(fā)現(xiàn)該文章是夾敘夾議的記敘文, 那么我們可以形成概要框架: 作者講述了一個故事來說明誠信的重要性。這樣, 就有了方向和思路了。第二步：閱讀材料, 回答以下三個問題。(1) 誰做了什么？The writer tells a story of an overseas Chinese student. The student had been caught without a ticket in the subway three times.

20、(2) 結(jié)果如何？He was not even allowed the chance for an interview.(3) 說明了什么？Honesty is the best policy.第三步：用自己的話將其串聯(lián)起來。參考范文如下： 范文1：Today I read an instructive speech, in which the speaker argues honesty is the best policy by telling the story of an overseas Chinese student who couldnt find a job because

21、of dishonesty.范文2：The writer tells a story about a Chinese student with an excellent academic achievement couldnt find a job in Germany because of his dishonesty to skip the subway tickets, which shows honesty is the best policy. 課堂練習(xí)練習(xí)1：閱讀下面的短文，然后以約30個詞概括這篇短文的主要內(nèi)容。短文略 The author happened to pick up

22、 an umbrella on a bus and tried to find its owner. She was pleased to find the owner and also got a job offered by the owner of the umbrella.練習(xí)2：閱讀下面的短文, 然后以約30個詞概括這篇短文的主要內(nèi)容。短文略 (范文1) In the passage the writer uses the story of the award-winning farmer who shares his best corn deed with his neighbou

23、rs to teach us that we all can benefit when we co-operate and share with each other.(范文2) The writer teaches us that we all benefit more when we co-operate and share with each other by telling the story of the award-winning farmer who shares his corn seeds with his neighbours. 課外作業(yè)作業(yè)1：閱讀下面短文, 然后以約30

24、個詞概括該文的主要內(nèi)容。 On a recent Sunday, I was buying groceries in a supermarket when I heard the sound of a car accident. It was close but not very close, so I continued shopping. As I took a right turn on Munadhama Street, I saw a man lying on the ground in a small pool of blood. He wasnt dead. The idea o

25、f stopping to help or to take him to a hospital crossed my mind, but I didnt dare. Cars passed without stopping. Pedestrians and shop owners kept doing what they were doing, pretending nothing had happened. I was still looking at the wounded man and blaming myself for not stopping to help. Other sho

26、ppers peered at him from a distance, sorrowful and sympathetic, but did nothing. I went on to another grocery store, staying for about five minutes while shopping for tomatoes, onions and other vegetables. During that time, the man managed to sit up and wave to passing cars. No one stopped. No one d

27、id anything. No one lifted a finger. The wounded died alone in the street. The only reaction came from a woman in the grocery store. In a low voice, she said, “My God, bless his soul.” An offer of aid could have saved the mans life.作業(yè)1： From the passage we know that the author witnessed a car accide

28、nt and found no one helped the injured man. As a result, the man died on the street, which made the author feel guilty.作業(yè)2：閱讀下面短文, 然后以約30個詞概括該文的主要內(nèi)容。短文略作業(yè)2： The writer tried to tell us the importance of setting goals through a beavers story. After the beaver built a house for the winter, it set anot

29、her goal to chew down a big tree and succeeded by working hard.Summary writing about Exposition 說明文 寫作方法 我們根據(jù)說明文的不同類型, 分別給出三種參考模板：1. 描寫某事物的性質(zhì)功用。即“對象+性質(zhì)功用+利好”： (In the passage) the writer introduces. (對象)to us, especially its.(性質(zhì)或功用), from which we know.(對象帶來的利好).2. 針對某個問題提出解決方法或措施。即“問題+解決方法”： The pa

30、ssage tells us.(問題), including.(方法1), .(方法2)and.(方法3).Steps to write an exposition summaryStep 1: The topic-what happened ?Koala are unhappy and complaining Step 2: the reasons -why ?Tourists taking photosStep 3: The effects-how Being repeatedly awokenStep4 : The solutionsGovernment bans the practic

31、eStep5 : The conclusionBe more kind to animalsStep 5 : Write a summary with the sentences above Pay attention the transitional words.注意：內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)全面 不能用原句 字?jǐn)?shù)60詞左右 The passage narrates that koalas at the feather dale Wildlife park are unhappy and complaining . The reason is that they are repeatedly awoken

32、from their deep sleep for tourists taking photos. In order to solve this problem, the government in charge of such things is going to ban this behavior. As visitors , it is better for us to leave animals as they are and be more kind to them.(68 words)3. 介紹某現(xiàn)象及其原因和結(jié)果。即“現(xiàn)象+原因+結(jié)果”： (The author/writer s

33、aid/talks about).(現(xiàn)象)of., because /but.(原因/本質(zhì)1), and. (原因/本質(zhì)2).在高考讀寫任務(wù)中, 多為說明某種社會現(xiàn)象的說明文。特別提醒： 典型例題閱讀下面短文, 然后以約30個詞概括這段短文的內(nèi)容。 Eye care is an important factor in all of our lives. Without eyes, we seem to be able to do nothing. But, what can we do to take care of eyes? Firstly, we should eat healthy f

34、oods. Secondly, dont sit before a computer screen or TV for too long time and take regular rest at intervals so as to relax the eye muscles. Thirdly, having enough sleep is the best rest for eyes. Besides those notices, you should be aware of some threats to eyes in daily lives. Excessive exposure t

35、o bright sunlight is harmful to eyes, therefore, when going out, especially in summer time, put on a pair of qualified sunglasses. Stay away from smoking. Some ingredients in cigarettes are carcinogenesis(致癌的). Last but not least, take regular medical examines to check out the potential eye disease

36、and prevent its deterioration(退化). Eyes are the most important sense organs and one should use proper eye care products to avoid further irritations (刺激)and ensure longevity at ease.解題過程 本文在指出眼睛重要后, 緊接著提出問題“為保護(hù)眼睛, 我們可以做些什么呢”, 然后分三點(diǎn)說明應(yīng)該做些什么。因此, 我們可以套用“問題+解決方法”模式： Our eyes are important for us, so the

37、 author tells us how to take care of our eyes, including eating healthy food, giving them enough time to rest, knowing some threats, and taking frequent eye examinations. 課堂練習(xí)練習(xí)1：閱讀下面短文，然后以約30個詞概括該文的主要內(nèi)容。短文略 (“對象+性質(zhì)功能+利好”模式)The writer introduces the idea of a balloon robot, especially how it helps t

38、o guide people to their destination without being connected to the Internet, from which we know it may become popular in the future.練習(xí)2：閱讀下面短文, 然后以約30個詞概括該文的主要內(nèi)容。短文略 (“問題+解決方法”模式)The passage tells us how to be a good friend, including listening more to friends talking, offering help when necessary,

39、staying with them and making plans together.練習(xí)3：閱讀下面短文, 然后以約30個詞概括該文的主要內(nèi)容。短文略(“現(xiàn)象+原因”模式)The author talks about the popularity of advertisements, because they can bring convenience to people but the negative effects should not be ignored.課外作業(yè)作業(yè)1：閱讀下面短文, 然后以約30個詞概括該文的主要內(nèi)容。短文略 The passage introduces so

40、me exles to show that chemistry is everywhere in our life, especially its good effects, from which we know we should understand it more to help ourselves live better.(對象+功能) 作業(yè)2：閱讀下面短文, 然后以約30個詞概括該文的主要內(nèi)容。短文略The passage tells us how to stay healthy with our pets, including washing hands often, wearin

41、g gloves while cleaning the pets or their cages, taking them for examinations regularly and giving them proper food, etc. (問題+解決方法)作業(yè)3：閱讀下面短文, 然后以約30個詞概括該文的主要內(nèi)容。短文略 The passage said Chinese Education Ministry has paid close attention to self-protection education among school students because some kn

42、owledge about self-protection may help one survive in case of emergency.(現(xiàn)象+原因)議論文寫作方法 議論文通常包括論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和結(jié)論, 因此寫議論文的概要主要是找出主題句(the topic sentences)、支撐句(supporting sentences)和結(jié)論句(conclusion sentences)。 其中最主要的是找準(zhǔn)主題句。 概要模板：論點(diǎn)+論據(jù)(+結(jié)論)典型例題(2011珠海一模)閱讀下面短文, 然后以約30個詞概括該文的主要內(nèi)容。 Getting up early has been regarded

43、 as a good habit since ancient times. Many years ago, people thought that if we went to bed early and get up early, we would be energetic the whole day. So, getting up early is of great importance to us all.In fact, morning is the best time of a day. In the morning, the air is the freshest and peopl

44、e are usually in the best conditions. Many of us may have the experiences that we memorize some things more quickly and accurately in the morning than any other time of the day. If we do some morning exercise or only take a short walk in the morning, we can build our bodies and become much healthier

45、. Also we will have enough time to make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day if we get up early. However, if we get up late, we will probably have to do everything in a great hurry. Let us remember getting up early is a good habit and try our best to keep it. If we stick to getting up early every day, we will certainly benefit a lot from it.解題過程第一步，根據(jù)文體, 找出要點(diǎn)。略讀短文, 本文是典型的議論文, 第一段為議點(diǎn), 第二、三自然段為論據(jù), 最后一段為結(jié)論, 首尾呼應(yīng)。論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和結(jié)論分別為：論點(diǎn)Getting up early has been regarded as a good habit論據(jù)(1)we memorize some things more quickly and accurately i