超聲波輔助萃取法剖析課件

1、超聲波輔助萃取法匯報人：張娜 小組成員：徐世鑫 宋茜 2015年10月16日超聲波輔助提取介紹01文獻(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)02Contents目錄01超聲波輔助提取介紹超聲波輔助萃取法定義：超聲波萃?。║Itrasound extraction，UE），亦稱為超聲波輔助萃取、超聲波提取，是利用超聲波輻射壓強(qiáng)產(chǎn)生的強(qiáng)烈空化作用、擾動效應(yīng)、高加速度、擊碎和攪拌作用等多級效應(yīng)，增大物質(zhì)分子運(yùn)動頻率和速度，增加溶劑穿透力，從而加速目標(biāo)成分進(jìn)入溶劑，促進(jìn)提取的進(jìn)行。超聲波輔助萃取法基本原理：超聲波能量利用高頻率的機(jī)械振動波在彈性介質(zhì)中傳播，同時加速介質(zhì)質(zhì)點(diǎn)的運(yùn)動頻率傳遞到提取液中引起提取液分子的高頻運(yùn)動，使被提取物質(zhì)和

2、提取溶劑利用超聲波的能量加速分離。此外，超聲波產(chǎn)生的空化作用相當(dāng)于微觀的爆破作用不斷地將被提取物轟擊出原物料，使其充分分離加速浸取速率以達(dá)到高效提取的目的。基本原理空化效應(yīng)當(dāng)聲波通過液體時, 液體各處的聲壓會發(fā)生周期性的變化,相應(yīng)地, 液體中的微泡核也會隨超聲頻率發(fā)生周期性的振蕩，形成我們常說的空化效應(yīng)。微泡破裂和空穴瞬間閉合時，內(nèi)部氣體和蒸汽快速絕熱壓縮，產(chǎn)生極高的溫度和壓力，此時的瞬間高溫高壓能導(dǎo)致游離基和其他組分的形成。機(jī)械效應(yīng)超聲波在介質(zhì)中的傳播可以使介質(zhì)質(zhì)點(diǎn)在其傳播空間內(nèi)產(chǎn)生振動，從而強(qiáng)化介質(zhì)的擴(kuò)散、傳播，這就是超聲波的機(jī)械效應(yīng)。超聲波在傳播過程中產(chǎn)生一種輻射壓強(qiáng)，沿聲波方向傳播，對

3、物料有很強(qiáng)的破壞作用，可使細(xì)胞組織變形，植物組織蛋白變性；同時，它還可以給予介質(zhì)和懸浮體以不同加速度，且介質(zhì)分子的運(yùn)動速度遠(yuǎn)大于懸浮體分子的運(yùn)動速度。從而在兩者間產(chǎn)生摩擦，這種摩擦力可使生物分子解聚，使細(xì)胞壁上的有效成分更快地溶解于溶劑之中。熱效應(yīng)超聲波在介質(zhì)的傳播過程中，其聲能不斷的被介質(zhì)的質(zhì)點(diǎn)吸收，介質(zhì)將所吸收的能量全部或大部分轉(zhuǎn)變成熱能，從而導(dǎo)致介質(zhì)本身和藥材組織溫度的升高，增大了藥物有效成分的溶解速度。由于這種吸收聲能引起的藥物組織內(nèi)部溫度的升高是瞬間的，因此可以使被提取的成分的生物活性保持不變。其他次級效應(yīng)此外，超聲波還能產(chǎn)生許多次級效應(yīng)，如乳化、擴(kuò)散、擊碎、化學(xué)效應(yīng)等，這些作用也促

4、進(jìn)了植物體中有效成分的溶解，促使藥物有效成分進(jìn)入介質(zhì)，并與介質(zhì)充分混合，加快了提取過程的進(jìn)行，并提高了藥物有效成分的提取率。LOREM IPSUM DOLOR工藝簡單，可提高生產(chǎn)速度，降低企業(yè)生產(chǎn)成本，增加經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng)技術(shù)操作方便，萃取完全，能充分利用中藥資源，能節(jié)約成本不用或者少用萃取劑，減少萃取劑的污染無需加熱，不會改變所提及成分的化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)，適用于低溫成分萃取萃取后在某種超聲波作用下還可能出現(xiàn)新的物質(zhì)，有利于發(fā)現(xiàn)新的物質(zhì)增加所萃取成分的產(chǎn)率，縮短萃取時間超聲波輔助萃取的優(yōu)點(diǎn)超聲波萃取機(jī)超聲波萃取機(jī)由兩部分組成：超聲波萃取系統(tǒng) 和超聲波驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)。萃取系統(tǒng)：主要包括超聲波換能器、超聲波變幅桿、超聲

5、波工具頭用于產(chǎn)生超聲波振動，并將此振動能量向液體中發(fā)射。驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)：（超聲波發(fā)生器）產(chǎn)生高頻高功率電流，驅(qū)動超聲波振動部件工作。簡單實(shí)驗(yàn)流程新鮮番茄清洗去梗初步破碎超聲波破碎提取冷卻靜置真空抽濾分液處理實(shí)驗(yàn)分析02 文獻(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)Literature LearningContents highlight and innovation Introductionexperimental method and statistical analysisExperimentdiscussion and conclusionConclusion1 antioxidant epidemiology fat-solu

6、ble easily degraded23Introductionsolvent extractionSCFE time consuming low efficiency costiler priceconventional extractionproperties of ultrasoundproperties of lycopene Multistage effect Increase material molecular motion greater enetration higher throughputmodified ultrasonication techniqueUltraso

7、nic assisted extraction(UAE); Protection of the solute; Statistical technique:The response surface methodology (RSM); High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).ExperimentWashed tomatoes were cut into pieces and pulps, homogenised Homogenised tomatoes were freeze-driedFreeze-dried tomato sampleand

8、 and mixture solvents (n-hexane, acetone, ethanol) was added into the conical flaskUltrasonic assisted extraction (37 kHz)the flask was cooled to room temperatureand the mixture was filteredultrapure water was added to the filtrate and centrifuged Experimental design a software (Version 9.2, SAS Ins

9、titute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) central composite rotatable design (CCRD)Analysis of experimental data:UAE48min The interactions between the independent variables on the relative yield of lycopene from tomato are shown in Figs.80.0(v/w)Analysis of experimental data:Non-UAEFigs. show the interactions bet

10、ween the independent variables on the relative yield of lycopene from tomato in the absence of sonication.where X1 = extraction time (min), X2 = extraction temperature () and X3 = solvent:freeze-dried tomato sample (v/w).93.35% of the variability in the response could be explained by the model.The f

11、it model analysisthe validityof the model since there is a non-significan (p = 0.2698) lack of fit.HPLC analysisHigh-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) chromatogram of tomato extract using isocratic mobile phases of methanol/MTBE/ethyl acetate (30:60:10, v/v/v) at 501 nm with flow rate of 1.2

12、mL/min.Conclusion The improved UAE with the aid of RSM provides a rapid mean of estimating the relative lycopene yield during its extraction from tomatoes. From the ridge max analysis, the optimised conditions were 45.6 min (total extraction time), 47.6 (extraction temperature) and 74.4:1 v/w (ratio of solvent to freeze-dried tomato sample). The average relative lycopene yield obtained was 99%. The all-trans lycopene extracted was 5.11 0.27 mg/g dry weight with slight isomerisation (3.19 0.81%) taking place.In addition, comparison study between sonicated and non