城市濱水區(qū)多目標(biāo)景觀設(shè)計(jì)途徑探索（Explore the city waterfront landscape design approach of multiobjective）

1、城市濱水區(qū)多目標(biāo)景觀設(shè)計(jì)途徑探索（Explore the city waterfront landscape design approach of multi-objective）City waterfront landscape design approach of multi-objective exploration Abstract: city waterfront is the interaction of human activities and natural process in the city is one of the most intense regions, the

2、planning involves interdisciplinary issues, planning and design requirements and design personnel multiple targets in a comprehensive perspective, the. Taking the landscape design of Zhejiang province Cixi Sanzao River as an example, describes the concept and method of city waterfront landscape desi

3、gn target. At the same time, the domestic waterfront planning still has the goal of single and one-sided insufficiency, and further proposes that the landscape design which aims at coordinating the relationship between man and nature should be multi-objective. Keywords: landscape architecture; multi

4、-objective planning; planning and design; Cixi city waterfront; the Abstract:Water front area is one of the areas which ate the most strongly influenced by human activities and nature process in the city. So the planning for it involves interdisciplinary issues n demands planners make a mullifunctio

5、nal planning with overall perspedive. Taking the landscape planning of Cixis Sanzaojiang water front area as an example, this paper expresses some concepts and methods of multifundional planning, and points out the water front planning in present China is still too Parlial So landscape architecture,

6、 which deals with the relation between nature and human, have a more overall perspective, and some efforts should be made I N, this, field., Key, words:Landscape, Architecture, Multifunclional, Approach, Planning, and, Design, Water, Front, Area, Cixi, waterfront planning and landscape design have b

7、een hot spots in recent years. One of the most important features of waterfront design is that it is a complex synthesis problem involving many fields. As the common effects of human activities and natural process in the city was one of the areas of strong, with many aspects of the function of the r

8、iver and the waterfront in the city in the natural system and the social system, such as water conservancy, transportation, recreation, city image and ecological function etc. The waterfront project involves many aspects of shipping, river, water source reserve and the supply, flood drainage, vegeta

9、tion and animal habitat protection, water, energy, security and city building and city design content. This determines the waterfront planning and landscape design, should be able to meet a variety of needs, multi-objective design, requiring designers to fully and comprehensively put forward problem

10、s and solve problems. This paper takes Zhejiang province Cixi Sanzao river landscape design as an example, describes the concept and method of Multiobjective waterfront landscape design. 1 overview of current conditions (also known as the new town Sanzao River) is located in Zhejiang city of Cixi Pr

11、ovince, the river has the following characteristics: (1) is located in the new city center is formed.Cixi City, the new city development strategy for the East extension of the north extension, the municipal government will be moved to Sanzao river which is driven by a series of new large-scale publi

12、c building construction are gathered in Sanzao on both banks of the river, which makes the area become the future new city center, and the river has become a city Sanzao important axis. This requires that it must be closely integrated with urban functions, providing a good landscape and rich and var

13、ied waterfront space, and form a dynamic urban waterfront area. (2) the backbone river network belonging to Cixi. It bears the functions of flood control, drainage, water storage and ecological function of the city. (3) an important carrier for shaping urban spirit. As the landscape axis of Cixi, it

14、 has an important mission in reflecting the citys individual features and historical culture. 2, put forward the problem, on the basis of full understanding of the current conditions, it is a crucial step in the design to find the existing problems and find the breakthrough point of the next step de

15、sign. Because landscape design is not a game of pure form, landscape design is designed to solve problems, and finding problems is the beginning of the design. The landscape design of waterfront area, it is more complex and comprehensive design a multi-level and multi angle to think about and found

16、that the use of multi-disciplinary knowledge, from a broader perspective within the scope of comprehensive analysis. Through field investigation, literature reading, consulting and planning departments, especially the water conservancy departments, we propose to solve the problem of river Sanzao lan

17、dscape design: (1) the problem of flood control planning: Sanzao river is one of the key river of Cixi city flood control and drainage, the quantity is the main function. (2) water problems: Cixi city belongs to the city of water, usually water, river water Sanzao rainwater, river planning of 70m is

18、 not constant wet. (3) water quality problems: flat terrain, poor water flow and poor water quality. (4) combined with the river and the city function: River Sanzao as the future of the city center, how to make the city water system planning and function complement each other. (5) hydrophilic proble

19、ms: the difference between the surface and the ground is 1.5m, and the river is poor in water quality, so the riparian treatment is very important. (6) the accessibility and continuity of Waterfront: the urban branch is adjacent to the river bank, the traffic is mixed, and the waterfront accessibili

20、ty is poor; the East-West urban road damages the continuity of the river corridor. (7) the problem of reducing the water area of Cixi belongs to the reclamation of the formation of city planning, within the scope of the original dense river network, and in the planning of future only Sanzao River an

21、d four Kamae widened, the water area and water density sharply reduced, adversely affect the city flood control and water balance. (8) continuity of the history of the city of Cixi is a typical Jiangnan City, land reclamation history and unique culture, the rivers, waterways and the social life of t

22、he city and the historical and cultural interdependence, and in the new city construction, river morphology may occur completely changed, and the the city will also be difficult to save memory. 3, the collation and objectives of the problem, the above issues are scattered, carefully examined,It can

23、be summed up in 3 aspects: the management and design of the water system and the ecosystem of the river, the layout of the urban functions and the urban structure, the landscape and the historical culture. On this basis, we put forward the multi-level target of waterfront landscape design: (1) safe,

24、 stable and healthy basic water environment. The water system should meet the requirements of urban flood control and drainage, and have a more stable water supply. At the same time, it should also have a healthy ecological situation, including the pollution control and the restoration and improveme

25、nt of the natural ecosystem function. (2) good economic and social benefits. Water system should be able to fully integrate and promote urban life, promote urban commercial and economic development, and provide public places for recreation and recreation. (3) positive spiritual and cultural signific

26、ance. Water system should be able to shape and bear the citys landscape features and cultural connotations, and become a representative of the citys personality and local spirit. 4, solutions and planning proposals, landscape design should be targeted, based on solving problems. According to the 3 l

27、evel, our design can be divided into 3 parts: (1) water system planning and design, including design of green space system based on it; (2) the land use planning and design, including the function of city layout and city morphology based on water system; (3) historical and cultural interpretation sy

28、stem planning and design. Each part aims at the goal of realizing this level, and puts forward the effective solution to the question and the restriction factor. Among them, the water system is the center of the design, but also the integration and connection of the 3 parts of the basic framework (F

29、igures 1, 2). ? 4.1 water system planning and design, the establishment of safe, stable and healthy water environment includes the construction of river management and river ecological, on the basis of water environment to achieve a safe, stable and healthy, it is the basic premise for the developme

30、nt of other city waterfront. In this regard, we proposed the two sets of water systems and recycling design of the water system. 4.1.1 two sets of water system according to the function layout of the future city Sanzao River, the West Bank for future large municipal public facilities are located, in

31、cluding municipal government, sports center, exhibition center and the east coast is almost entirely to residential land. According to this characteristic, we will design two rivers Sanzao river flow, water quality, water level, and the width and depth of each are not identical, to long beach for th

32、e community, and other venues in branch form system. They combine different urban functions through the region, and play different effects. The eastern part is the ecological water system, and the west is the landscape water system. This scheme can solve many basic problems put forward the planning,

33、 the basic pattern of river landscape construction Sanzao (Figure 3). The eastern ecological water system mainly solves the problems of flood control, water storage and water quality, while taking into account the landscape function. Including: broaden, dig deep river Sanzao main rivers, flood contr

34、ol, drainage required width and depth, to solve the problem of flood control; widening River Riverfront beach wetland ecosystem of nature, water ecological purification, partially solve the problem of water quality; the Henghe and chaotang river two planning in suburb park, the establishment of two

35、large lakes and wetlands, agricultural water retention characteristic,The enlarged surface of the water increases the water storage capacity of the water, which is beneficial to flood control while increasing the water storage area. The water system of Western landscape mainly solves the problem of

36、water utilization. A new parallel to the main river streams in the main river landscape Sanzao River on the west side, the width of 10 15m or so, water depth of about 1.Om, O.5 about 1.Om high bank. Purification system to provide clean water for the ecological cycle, to compensate for the lack of th

37、e main river water level is low, Sanzao river water quality difference. It combines many large public facilities and open spaces with abundant urban traffic flow, and designs a variety of water level and hydrophilic embankment to meet the diverse needs of urban life. 4.1.2 water cycle and energy uti

38、lization in mainstream river natural conditions to fly from the south to the north, but most of the time, there is no clear river flow, poor water flow, water quality is difficult to guarantee. Therefore, in the planning level, we combine the requirements of different districts hydrophilic formed, t

39、hrough the establishment of the weir dam, sluice, wind pumps and other water infrastructure to improve the circulation of the water, the river main river tidal river Sanzao before the road section to the flow direction from north to south, after the landscape along the stream flows from south to nor

40、th. During the rainy season, open the sluice weir dam, flood discharge and the whole flow into the main river Sanzao River from south to north. The water cycle is established through wind and solar (Cixi is a coastal city, rich in wind resources, at the same time can be used as a supplement of solar

41、 energy, the pump power required by the estimation of about 15kW, the wind and solar power generation device can be suitable to meet this demand) to drive, use the abundant wind resources in coastal areas. To form a good landscape, but also the continuation of the Jiangnan water culture, has the fun

42、ction of environmental education. 4.1.3 comprehensive utilization of rainwater rainwater is a major source of Sanzao River, so the rainwater collection and utilization is very important, should be established for rainwater collection, purification, storage and circulation system. It includes reserva

43、tion and sort of scattered and ditch pond, in accordance with the function of the city, combined with community green space system, construction of new water system. It is through the waterfront leisure network community, but also a heavy rain when the natural drainage system, piping system to repla

44、ce the rainwater drainage, with stagnation, filtration, reduce runoff and groundwater recharge comprehensive function; and it is also a rainwater collection system, the initial filtration, sedimentation and biological purification the rain, and then discharged into the river as part of the main rive

45、r Sanzao water supply rivers (Figure 4). To protect and increase the existing water area, to build wetland lakes to collect rainwater, and to achieve good landscape in both wet season and low water season. At the same time, strengthen the planting of ground cover plants in the waterfront area, carry

46、 out the design of ecological riparian, and build a semi natural wetland system, so as to better play the biological purification function. To establish a set of artificial Nirvana system for landscape water system, to carry out two biological filtration on water, so as to meet the national water qu

47、ality requirements of landscape water. The whole river reaches the water circulation to ensure the mobility of the water. 4.2, land use planning and design to achieve good economic and social benefits, including the water system as the basis for the organization of urban functions, urban constructio

48、n,The water system will be fully integrated into urban life, promote urban commercial and economic development, provide recreational and recreational facilities for the public, and achieve good economic and social benefits. Specific measures are as follows: 4.2.1 water system combined with urban fun

49、ctions, planning programs to achieve different water levels, different water features and different urban functional areas, urban activities and urban sites combined. According to the Sanzao River on both sides of the future function layout, West Bank is the main municipal public facilities are loca

50、ted, from south to North in educational area, municipal government, sports center, exhibition center, business center, Grand Theatre and cultural center; east of the main residential land, these different functions of the city, on the shore of hydrophilic water landscape and waterfront activities ha

51、ve different requirements. Therefore, we use planning form two different sets of water and water circulation, to meet the different requirements of the ecological system on the East Coast: emphasize the natural landscape, is the low water level in the water cycle, it constitutes a community between

52、the river and the stream across the pond wetlands, to create a beautiful and peaceful environment. The West Bank is a landscape water system, with artificial wetlands for water quality control, using wind energy and solar energy for preliminary water level upgrading, forming a water cycle in the mid

53、dle water level, and planning elevation elevation difference 1.Om. Culture and education area and artificial wetland treatment facilities combined, play the function of environmental education; municipal government, sports center, exhibition center, using the clean landscape water, combined with the

54、 open space of city square, the city, the formation of a variety of hydrophilic activities. Business district landscape water into the high water level upgrade again, which in the water cycle, O.5m and the ground elevation, using various artificial hard revetment, combined with the business district

55、 of the larger flow of people shopping mall, outdoor cafes, building a more diversified waterfront activities figure 5. 4.2.2, the green recreational network planning between cities and communities does not emphasize only the planning of a river, but emphasizes the construction of the whole water sy

56、stem. A community green network through the establishment of the river network, the connection of each residential green spaces in the courtyard, each community green space, city public green spaces, parks and open space, be a link between the community and the city community, and become a vehicle w

57、ithout green leisure system, it is the traditional river city the pattern and way of life of the new continuation. The establishment of 4.2.3 ecological infrastructure, enhance the value of land development, land planning due to the integration of the entire area of the water and green space system,

58、 which constitute a complete and relatively independent of the basic system, it can be used as ecological infrastructure construction, advance together with the municipal infrastructure, incorporated by the implementation of land development and the level of development in the. On the one hand, it g

59、uarantees the complete structure and function of the green land system; on the other hand, it improves the development environment of the land, promotes the value of the land in advance, and achieves good economic and social benefits. Planning and Design - creating beautiful landscape 4.3 landscape

60、and historical and cultural system, reflect the local spirit 4.3.1 historical mining landscape design should reflect the spirit of the local planning, so the first thing to do is to interpret history and culture,It includes the deep historical connotation of the site and the life memory that is abou