專升本英語第三天語法講解

1、 重慶專升本英語 2015年第一頁(yè)，編輯于星期六：九點(diǎn) 三分。專升本英語第五天課程安排：上午： 1.名詞性從句講解 2.作業(yè)評(píng)講 下午： 1.單詞講解（264-329） 2.寫作講解 3.聽力練習(xí)第二頁(yè)，編輯于星期六：九點(diǎn) 三分。定語從句（形容詞性從句）名詞性從句狀語從句（副詞性從句）句子分類： 簡(jiǎn)單句 并列句 復(fù)合句復(fù)合句第三頁(yè)，編輯于星期六：九點(diǎn) 三分。一 含義：名詞性從句：起名詞作用的句子。二 分類：主語從句賓語從句表語從句同位語從句名詞性從句第四頁(yè)，編輯于星期六：九點(diǎn) 三分。名詞性從句一、名詞性從句包括：主語從句 What you need is more practice.賓語從句

2、We must find out who did all this.表語從句 The question is whether it is worth doing.同位語從句 The visitor expressed his hope that he would visit China again.二、學(xué)習(xí)要領(lǐng)：1.連接詞(重點(diǎn))2.從句中的語序（陳述句語序）3.時(shí)態(tài)一致（賓從）第五頁(yè)，編輯于星期六：九點(diǎn) 三分。名詞從句連接詞連接詞是否作成分連接詞是否省略對(duì)應(yīng)的簡(jiǎn)單句類型從屬連詞: that不作成分且無實(shí)義在賓語從句中可以省略陳述句從屬連詞：whether ; if 不作成分“是否” 不能?。?/p>

3、是否）一般疑問句連接副詞：when where why how 連接代詞：Who whom what which whose作狀語：“何時(shí)” “何地” “為什么” “怎樣”作主語、賓語、表語： who whom what 作定語：which +n. “哪個(gè)”Whose +n. 不能省略（既作成分，又有意義）特殊疑問句第六頁(yè)，編輯于星期六：九點(diǎn) 三分。（一）.主語從句 考點(diǎn)1. what “什么” “所的” 引導(dǎo)的主語從句居多What confuses me is they leave me alone. 主語 系動(dòng)詞 表語 what 在主語從句中，可做主語，賓語，表語What I said i

4、s absolutely true.我所說的全是事實(shí)。 The words/thing that I said is absolutely true.第七頁(yè)，編輯于星期六：九點(diǎn) 三分。What makes me disappointed is that you lied to me. The thing that makes me disappointed is that you lied to me.什么情況下，選擇what? 前無先行詞，后面句子不完整。第八頁(yè)，編輯于星期六：九點(diǎn) 三分。練習(xí)題1. _ makes his shop different is that it offers m

5、ore personal services. A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever10年 23. _ surprises me most was to see some of the villagers seated on the benches.A. It B. That C. What D. Which第九頁(yè)，編輯于星期六：九點(diǎn) 三分。2. Whether “是否” 2. Whether he will come is unknown. 主語 系動(dòng)詞 表語他是否要來還不從得知。12年 23._ we will hold a sports meeting

6、 or not has not been decided yet.A. Whether B. As though C. If D. Once第十頁(yè)，編輯于星期六：九點(diǎn) 三分。That the manager should consider our requirement is likely . （that 不可省略）主語 系動(dòng)詞 表語為避免頭重腳輕，用it 作為形式主語， that 真正主語放在句尾3. that 引導(dǎo)主語從句It is likely that the manager should 主語consider our requirement.第十一頁(yè)，編輯于星期六：九點(diǎn) 三分。It

7、is likely that the manager should consider our requirement.句型一：It is/was +adj.+ that 從句(should do/be done)表虛擬 表命令，建議，要求，請(qǐng)求這一類詞的v. n. adj. 后面用that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句（should do/be done）should 可以省略，表虛擬語氣。表堅(jiān)持：insisted(堅(jiān)決主張);表命令： commanded; ordered; 表建議： suggested ; advisable; proposed;表要求： demanded; desired; requi

8、red; requested; 第十二頁(yè)，編輯于星期六：九點(diǎn) 三分。 necessary=essential 必要的 important=vital 重要的 natural 自然的； strange 奇怪的； decided 決定的；urgent 急切的；It is essential that all these figures _ twice.A. check B. checkedC. are checked D. be checked第十三頁(yè)，編輯于星期六：九點(diǎn) 三分。主語從句 固定句型句型一：It is/was +adj.+ that 從句(should do)表虛擬句型二：It is

9、/was + adj. +n.+ that 從句 句型三：It is / was + v.過去分詞 +that 從句1. _ hard water does not mix well with soap.A. That is a well-known factB. That is a well-known fact in whichC. It is a well-known fact thatD. It is a well-known that不一定用should do 表示虛擬語氣第十四頁(yè)，編輯于星期六：九點(diǎn) 三分。主語從句 句型三：It is / was + v.過去分詞 +that 從句

10、2._ every magnet is surrounded by a magnetic field.A. It believes that B. It believed that C. It is believed thatD. It is believing thatC第十五頁(yè)，編輯于星期六：九點(diǎn) 三分。主語從句 練習(xí)題1. It is obvious _ on more important things.A. which the money should we spendB. what the money should we spendC. that the money should w

11、e spendD. that we should spend the moneyD第十六頁(yè)，編輯于星期六：九點(diǎn) 三分。主語從句 真題回顧 10年 23. _ surprises me most was to see some of the villagers seated on the benches.A. It B. That C. What D. Which12年 23._ we will hold a sports meet or not has not been decided yet.A. Whether B. As though C. If D. OnceCA第十七頁(yè)，編輯于星期六

12、：九點(diǎn) 三分。4. 作狀語成分的連接副詞 when where why how4.1 when 連接主語從句，在其所引導(dǎo)的從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語When the meeting will be begun is doubtful. 主語 系動(dòng)詞 表語這會(huì)議何時(shí)開始還被受疑問中。When he comes to me is still unknown. 他什么時(shí)候來看我還不知道。第十八頁(yè)，編輯于星期六：九點(diǎn) 三分。4.2 where 連接主語從句，在其引導(dǎo)的從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語。Where his pen is lost is unknown. 主語 系動(dòng)詞 表語他的鋼筆在哪里弄丟還不曾得知。Wher

13、e the bridge will be built is under discussion.第十九頁(yè)，編輯于星期六：九點(diǎn) 三分。4.3 why 連接主語從句，在其引導(dǎo)的從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語。Why he did not go to school is not important. 主語 系動(dòng)詞 表語他為什么不來學(xué)校不重要。第二十頁(yè)，編輯于星期六：九點(diǎn) 三分。4.4 how 引導(dǎo)主語從句，在其所引導(dǎo)的從句中充當(dāng)方式狀語。How he managed to across the channel draws 主語 謂語peoples attention.賓語他是怎樣跨越那海峽的吸引人們的注意力。第二

14、十一頁(yè)，編輯于星期六：九點(diǎn) 三分。賓語從句：跟在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞或形容詞后作賓語的句子叫做賓語從句。通常由“that” 引導(dǎo)，that 可省略。（二）賓語從句 考點(diǎn)1. 連接詞從句是陳述的語氣 用that從句是一般疑問語氣 用if / whether從句是特殊疑問語氣 用 wh 開頭的特殊疑問詞who/whom/what/whose/which/when/where/why/howeg：Im afraid that you are right. We do not care for whether he will come or not.No one knows when the new fil

15、m starts.第二十二頁(yè)，編輯于星期六：九點(diǎn) 三分。2. 賓語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)2.1 主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句什么時(shí)態(tài)都行eg: He says (that） he is reading a book now. 2.2 主句是一般過去時(shí)，從句用過去范疇的時(shí)態(tài)eg：He said (that) he would work hard.eg: They said (that) they had been to France.但若從句表示客觀規(guī)律，真理，事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。 The students asked me if the earth goes round the sun. 第二十三頁(yè)，編輯于

16、星期六：九點(diǎn) 三分。賓語從句：跟在及物動(dòng)詞或者介詞后作賓語的句子叫做賓語從句。1. 通常由“that” 引導(dǎo)，that 可省略。Eg: I want to tell (that) you are the winner 主語 謂語 賓語of the game. Eg: That man said （that） he would bounce back 主語 謂語 賓語 before long. Eg: I am excessively sorry (that) the price of raw materials have been increased. （二）賓語從句 考點(diǎn)第二十四頁(yè)，編輯于星

17、期六：九點(diǎn) 三分。2. whether & if 引導(dǎo)賓語從句的區(qū)別相同點(diǎn)：whether & if 都可放在know, ask, care, wonder后面。不同點(diǎn)：. Prep. +whether:Eg: we can not find out _(whether/if) he leaves.(2). whether to do :I can not decide _(whether/if) to stay.第二十五頁(yè)，編輯于星期六：九點(diǎn) 三分。whether & if 區(qū)別(3).引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)，whether 可位于句首 , 且與or not 連用，但if 卻不能。Whether w

18、e join in the competition or not has not decided.12年 23._ we will hold a sports meeting or not has not been decided yet.A. Whether B. As though C. If D. Once第二十六頁(yè)，編輯于星期六：九點(diǎn) 三分。3. it 作形式賓語，真正賓語放于句后。 3.1 think/find/ feel/consider/ make/ believe/regard/hate/take/owe/have/see to +it+ (adj./n.) +to do st

19、h. think/find/ feel/consider/ make/ believe/regard/hate/take/owe/have/see to +it+ (adj./n.) +賓語從句Eg: I think it necessary to take plenty of hot water every day.Eg: I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.第二十七頁(yè)，編輯于星期六：九點(diǎn) 三分。Eg: I took it for granted that they were not coming.E

20、g: I will see to it that everything is ready in time.Eg: I hate it when they with their mouths full of food. 練習(xí)題：1. They felt it difficult _(finish) the task in such a short time.2. I find it pleasant _(work) with him.3. I think it my honor_ (invite) to speak here. 第二十八頁(yè)，編輯于星期六：九點(diǎn) 三分。4. 其他連接詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句4

21、.1 Who 引導(dǎo)賓語從句，做主語/賓語/表語 1. I dont know who is on duty today. 2. Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for? 3. He asked who could answer the question. 第二十九頁(yè)，編輯于星期六：九點(diǎn) 三分。其他連接詞Eg: He asked me where Mr. Wang was. eg: I asked me which job I will choose.Eg: My friend asks me when I will graduate. 第三十頁(yè)，

22、編輯于星期六：九點(diǎn) 三分。（二）賓語從句 考點(diǎn)注意： 動(dòng)詞和介詞后面才跟賓語1. He is wondering _ will be his wife.2.listening carefully to _ in class means less work later.A. what does the teacher sayB. what the teacher saysC. that the teacher saysD. which the teacher sayswhoB第三十一頁(yè)，編輯于星期六：九點(diǎn) 三分。(三) 表語從句 考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)：表語從句一般是位于系動(dòng)詞尤其是be 動(dòng)詞（如is /wa

23、s）之后.固定結(jié)構(gòu)：The reason for +n./n.短語+ is/was that The reason why+句子+is/was that T or FThe reason for his absence was because he has left the city.第三十二頁(yè)，編輯于星期六：九點(diǎn) 三分。1. The reason for my return is _ I left my keys behind.A. because B. it C. that D. why2. Thisis_theyoncelived.A . What B . Where C. WhenD.

24、 that 第三十三頁(yè)，編輯于星期六：九點(diǎn) 三分。表語從句 練習(xí)1. the reason why we are so late is _.A. because of the car breaking downB. due the care broke downC. that the car broke downD. because the car broke downC第三十四頁(yè)，編輯于星期六：九點(diǎn) 三分。表語從句 練習(xí)2. stopping pouring polluted water into the river is _the factory has to solve at prese

25、nt.A. what B. which C. as D. that3.The question is _we arrive in New York.A. what B. when C. where D. thatAB第三十五頁(yè)，編輯于星期六：九點(diǎn) 三分。(四) 同位語從句1.同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。We were all overjoyed at the news_ the experiment turned out a success.A. which B. that C. when D. what2.同位語從句一般位于如下詞匯后面，通常用that 引導(dǎo)，但也可由其他詞引導(dǎo)。（

26、1）.news/fact/hope/idea/doubt/information/message/word/problem/promise/wish/question/truth/evidencethat 第三十六頁(yè)，編輯于星期六：九點(diǎn) 三分。(2). 表命令、建議、要求、請(qǐng)求的名詞(同位語從句中用should do 表虛擬):表堅(jiān)持：insistence表命令:order/command表建議:suggestion、advice、proposal表要求、請(qǐng)求： demand /desire/require/requestHe made the suggestion that we shoul

27、d go by train.第三十七頁(yè)，編輯于星期六：九點(diǎn) 三分。3.同位語從句說明的名詞有時(shí)會(huì)和后面的同位語從句分隔： An idea came to her _she might do the experiment in another way.A. that B. what C. when D. whichthat第三十八頁(yè)，編輯于星期六：九點(diǎn) 三分。補(bǔ)充考點(diǎn)：強(qiáng)調(diào)句型加分句型1. 句型：It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+其他成分注意：此句型不強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語；謂語動(dòng)詞由do/does/did +do表強(qiáng)調(diào)。2. 判斷是否為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：將it is/wasthat/who 去掉，句

28、子仍然成立，則為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。Eg: I met Mary in library this morning.It was I that/who met Mary in library this morning.It was Mary that/who I met in library this morning.It was in library that I met Mary this morning.It was this morning that I met Mary in library.I do meet Mary in library this morning.強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語第三十九頁(yè)，編輯于

29、星期六：九點(diǎn) 三分。區(qū)分：that 引導(dǎo)的不同從句 難點(diǎn) 總結(jié)：that 句型It is/was+ adj. +that It is/was+ n. + that It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that第四十頁(yè)，編輯于星期六：九點(diǎn) 三分。It is important that we should go to bed early.It is the park that I have seen before.It is a good news that we have no class on Friday.It is in the park that I will meet my BF.主語從

30、句定語從句同位語從句強(qiáng)調(diào)句型區(qū)分：that 引導(dǎo)的不同從句 難點(diǎn)第四十一頁(yè)，編輯于星期六：九點(diǎn) 三分。09年 25. it was in the park _ I met Mary yesterday.A. that B. where C. what D. when10年 24. it is in room 315_ the meeting will be held .A. where B. in which C. that D. when第四十二頁(yè)，編輯于星期六：九點(diǎn) 三分。定語從句：N./pron+從句（完整或不完整）同位語從句：n. 特定的+that 從句（完整句子）主語從句: 從句+b

31、e/v.賓語從句：v./prep./adj.+從句表語從句：be/feel/looks+從句第四十三頁(yè)，編輯于星期六：九點(diǎn) 三分。11年 21.We expressed the hope _ they would visit China again.A. how B. that C. what D. which11年 23. It was this pen _ I bought yesterday.A. that B. what C. who D. which第四十四頁(yè)，編輯于星期六：九點(diǎn) 三分。12年 22. The village _my grandfather grew up is not far from town.