國際社會如何應(yīng)對全球變暖

1、The intern ati onal com munity how to deal with global warmi ngAfrican countries to formulate action planThe African continent is one of the most serious areas affected by climate change. In recent years, because of the drought and waterlog in Africa n coun tries is relatively com mon, caused a seri

2、ous shortage of food product ion. Severe drought i n the horn of Africa and its surro unding areas, the cause of more tha n 2000 ten thousa nd people lack of food, many people have to rely on aid to survive. Risi ng temperatures also in flue nee the developme nt of ani mal husba ndry. Africa 40% of

3、the land owned by no mads, but the temperature rise caused by the drought livestock prevale nee, in creased mortality. Most Africa n coun tries people make a livi ng by farmi ng and ani mal husbandry, so the climate warming causes a lot of people into poverty. Warming also cause disease epidemic in

4、the regi on and the ecological bala nee is destroyed.Climate cha nge has caused more and more atte nti on to Africa n coun tries. Ugan das en viro nment mi nistry formulated the actio n pla n on climate cha nge, in crease the in vestme nt in the field of scie nce and tech no logy and the public educ

5、ati on, improve the publics percepti on of climate cha nge. Zambia n Preside nt rupiah banda rece ntly poin ted out that adapt to the effects of climate change is a government priority. Zambias importance to the role of the forest in the aspect of greenhouse gases absorb, will assess forest policy t

6、his year, at the same time, the national climate change strategy is in preparation. South Africa held every year since 2005, a climate change conference on climate change white paper also will be completed by 2010, and 2012 years ago.Increase the development of renewable energy in the European Union

7、Temperature rise caused by the extreme weather and water scarcity are harass ing Europe: Brita in suffered 60 years the worst floods; Strong storms coming in France; Glaciers in the Alps in the past 150 years fade up n early 200 meters; Not its worst drought in Spain in 40 years, the sec ond largest

8、 city of Barce Iona had to buy water supply emerge ncy sec on ded the ship from the French residents; Desertification threatens the Iberian peninsula, a report said, the climate of Spain has started Africa; Heat waves and droughts caused by forest fires freque ntly, coun tries such as Portugal, Spai

9、n, Italy, Greece suffer; Also affect the climate warm ing in some areas of souther n Europea n grape pla nti ng, farmers had to con sider destroyed vin eyards, ope ning up new area to higher altitudes area.In resp onse to climate warm ing, the Europea n Union in the 2013 years ago to in vest 105 bil

10、li on euros developing green economy. Intensify development of renewable energy, and reduce dependence on fossil fuels, by 2020 will be based on greenhouse gas emissions in 1990 decreased by 20%. By 2020 the ren ewable en ergy acco un ted for the proport ion of en ergy con sumpti on is in creased to

11、 20%, in crease the biofuel for tran sport at least to 10%, the coal, oil, natural gas consumption reduced by 20%. Spain plans to change the economic development model, developme nt of ren ewable clea n en ergy. Gover nment en acted 2004-2012, and effective utilizati on of en ergy savi ng strategy,

12、has started in the in dustrial, tran sportatio n and other seve n aspects the impleme ntati on pla n to en ergy savi ng and efficie ncy in creas ing. All across the coun try, Swede n pla ns to 2030 cars are no Ion ger use of fossil fuels. Determi ne the Dan ish capital Cope nhage ns goal is to achie

13、ve zero carb on emissi ons in 2025. Portugal has built the worlds largest solar photovoltaic power plant, compared with the same capacity of coal power plants n early 90000 tonnes of carb on dioxide emissi ons a year. Germa ny, Fran ce, Italy and so on the alp ine conven ti on states rece ntly passe

14、d a programme of action in resp onse to climate warm ing, the Alps regi on.The corresponding measures are introducedIn the Un ited States, due to rising temperatures, Alaska storms in creases, people are forced to move to higher ground. The western mountains of snow, for fishing, hydroelectric power

15、, in dustrial and agricultural water n egative con seque nces. California sea levels have rise n 20 cm over the past 100 years, killi ng 260000 people and more tha n 260000 kilometers road become flood dan ger zon e. Is expected by the end of the cen tury, Califor nia sea levels could rise by about

16、1.4 meters. Climate warmi ng caused by the shortage of fresh water, agricultural product ion is also the faced problems. U.S. en ergy secretary Steve n chu said that if the Un ited States does not take active action to slow global warming, the west and Midwest fresh water shortages will become more

17、serious, large farms and vineyards in California could disappear by the end of the cen tury.The America n gover nment proposed a set of coun termeasures: start the total amount con trol and emissi ons trad in g system; Each target, fin ally in 2020 years ago would reduce gree nhouse gas emissio ns t

18、o 1990 levels, and by the year 2050 to reduce 80%; In additio n, it will in vest $15 billi on to develop clea n en ergy, nu clear and clea n coal tech no logy, developme nt of security. The epa to reconsider Californias request, allow it to take the lead in the implementation of strict emissi ons st

19、a ndards for cars, and this will have a dem on strati on effect for more tha n 10 states. 非洲國家制訂行動方案非洲大陸是受氣候變化影響最為嚴(yán)重的地區(qū)。近年來，由于旱災(zāi)和澇災(zāi)在非洲國 家較普遍，造成糧食產(chǎn)量嚴(yán)重不足。在非洲之角及其周邊地區(qū)，嚴(yán)重干旱造成 2000多萬人缺糧，許多人不得不靠救助為生。氣溫升高同時也影響畜牧業(yè)的發(fā) 展。非洲40%的土地歸牧民所有，但氣溫升高造成的干旱使牲畜患病率、死亡 率增加。非洲大部分國家的民眾以農(nóng)牧業(yè)為生，因此氣候變暖導(dǎo)致不少人陷入貧困。氣候變暖還導(dǎo)致該地區(qū)疾病流行以及生態(tài)平

20、衡被破壞。氣候變化已經(jīng)引起越來越多非洲國家的高度關(guān)注。烏干達(dá)環(huán)境部制定了應(yīng)對氣候 變化行動方案，增加在科技和公眾教育領(lǐng)域投資，提高公眾對氣候變化的認(rèn)知。 贊比亞總統(tǒng)班達(dá)最近指出，適應(yīng)氣候變化的影響是政府的優(yōu)先任務(wù)。贊比亞強(qiáng)調(diào)森林在吸收溫室氣體方面的作用，將在今年評估森林政策，同時，國家應(yīng)對氣候變化戰(zhàn)略也已在準(zhǔn)備之中。南非自2005年以來每年都召開一次氣候變化會議，有關(guān)氣候變化的白皮書也將于2010年前完成，并在2012年前實(shí)施。歐盟加大開發(fā)可再生能源氣溫升高造成的極端天氣和水資源緊缺正襲擾歐洲：英國遭遇了60年不遇特大洪災(zāi)；強(qiáng)風(fēng)暴降臨法國；阿爾卑斯山冰川在過去150多年消退了近200米；西班 牙遭遇40年未遇的大旱，第二大城市巴塞羅那不得不緊急調(diào)派輪船從法國買水 供應(yīng)居民；沙漠化威脅著伊比利亞半島，有報告說，西班牙的氣候已經(jīng)開始“非 洲化”；熱浪和干旱引發(fā)的森林火災(zāi)頻仍，葡萄牙、西班牙、意大利、希臘等國 深受其害；氣候變暖還影響到南歐一些地區(qū)的葡萄種植， 農(nóng)民不得不考慮毀掉葡 萄園，到海拔更高的地區(qū)開辟新的種植區(qū)。為應(yīng)對氣候變暖，歐盟在2013年前投資1050億歐元發(fā)展“綠色經(jīng)濟(jì)”。加大開 發(fā)可再生能源力度，減少對化石能源依賴，計(jì)劃到2020年將溫室氣體排放量在1990年基礎(chǔ)上減少20%到2020年把可再生能源占能源消費(fèi)的比例提高