完形填空是對學(xué)生語言綜合運用能力的考查它既考查學(xué)生的課件

1、 完形填空是對學(xué)生語言綜合運用能力的考查。 它既考查學(xué)生的閱讀理解的能力，又考查學(xué)生詞匯應(yīng)用 以及分析問題 ,解決問題的能力。做完形填空時應(yīng)通篇 考慮,掌握大意，綜合運用所學(xué) 詞匯、語法及常識進行 判斷推理 .做完型填空時要掌握相應(yīng)的一些技巧：1.仔細審題，明確大意.2.注意一些搭配和用法 3.“瞻前顧后，顧后瞻前”。4.考生要根據(jù)生活常識和相關(guān)知識確定選項。5.全文復(fù)讀，融會貫通。完形填空時注意四步(驟) 第二步 速讀全文，掌握大意。 速讀全文要一氣呵成，盡管有空格、 生詞或不明白的地方， 仍要快速讀下去。 讀時要注意找出關(guān)鍵詞、中心詞，劃出某些代表人物和情節(jié) 的詞以便于形成思路。要注意不要

2、在未掌握大意的基礎(chǔ)上， 邊閱讀，邊做題，這樣速度慢、準確率低。第一步:仔細審題，明確大意.重視首句，把握開篇。 完形填空一般無標題，首句一般不留空白， 做完型填空的時候在沒看選項之前首先要通讀全文 細讀首句，可判斷文章體裁，預(yù)測全文大意和主旨 (main idea)。第三步 瞻前顧后，靈活答題。 “瞻前顧后”，即先讀所填詞的句子，回顧上一句,兼顧下句。 如果一句中有兩個空白待填，在初定答案時要“雙管齊下”，在兩處同時試填，然后通讀全句，確定答案。 答題方法： 1）擇優(yōu)法：根據(jù)文章及結(jié)構(gòu)邊讀邊填， 如果能夠立刻判定最佳答案的，不必再去逐個考證其余答案。 2）排除法：如答案一時難以確定，可按空格位

3、置，從語法結(jié)構(gòu)、詞語搭配、上下文語境、習(xí)慣用法、詞義辨析等方面，對選項逐項分析試填。 排除干擾項，從而確定正確答案。第四步 復(fù)核全文，調(diào)整答案。 把填好的短文通讀一遍，進行核查同時注意以下三點： 1.上下文的一致性：即時態(tài)語態(tài)的 一致；代詞、名詞 單復(fù)數(shù)的一致。 2.從語法和慣用法及習(xí)慣搭配、甚至 語感入手，看是否符合上下文的邏輯。 3.段與段、句與句之間的銜接是否連貫。 這次復(fù)核至關(guān)重要，常能糾正一兩處甚 至多處錯誤。 同時對極難確定的答案，也要憑語感 任猜一個，決不可不選。 Methods Of Doing Cloze Test一.skipping(跳讀): Read through th

4、e whole passage without stop to get the general idea and make it clear how the writer arranges the passage.The birthrate in Europe has been in a steady decrease since the 1960s. European countries, are providing great encouragement for parents to create more babies in the 21st century.General idea:T

5、he birthrate in Europe has been in a steady decrease since the 1960s. European countries, realizing crisis is at hand, are providing great encouragement for parents to create more babies in the 21st century.Affairs Ministry concluded last year that, 65 cash encouragement, some women just dont want t

6、o be 66 holding the baby. “What we know is that its good for the 67 if men and women share the burden of having children,” says Soren Kindlund, family policy adviser at the Swedish ministry. 68 Swedish parents can take their paid leave as they wish, men use a mere 12% of it; 60% of fathers do not ta

7、ke even a (n) 69 day off work. Experts fear that the tendency for women to use most of the parental leave could make employers 70 to give young women the permanent（永久的） jobs they need to qualify for paid maternity leave (產(chǎn)假). In January. Sweden decided to allow new fathers two months paid leave, wit

8、h a warming: use it or 71 it. Kindlund admits that men are under 72 to stay at work, even though parental pay comes out of the public purse. “Its not popular among bosses and perhaps with other men in the workplace,” he says. “But its good for the father and for the child if they can 73 a relationsh

9、ip.” In Norway, a(n) 74 policy has worked wonders. 70% of dads in Norway now take parental leave, and the birthrate of 1.85 children per woman is one of the highest in Europe.二. Pay particular attention to the first sentence of the passage while reading the passage.Usually, the first sentence is the

10、 topic sentence of the whole passage, which contains much important information like “ when, where, why, who, what, etc.” The birthrate in Europe has been in a steady decrease since the 1960s. European countries, realizing crisis is at hand, are providing great encouragement for parents to create mo

11、re babies in the 21st century.Affairs Ministry concluded last year that, 65 cash encouragement, some women just dont want to be 66 holding the baby. “What we know is that its good for the 67 if men and women share the burden of having children,” says Soren Kindlund, family policy adviser at the Swed

12、ish ministry. 68 Swedish parents can take their paid leave as they wish, men use a mere 12% of it; 60% of fathers do not take even a (n) 69 day off work. When:Where:What:Why:How:since the 1960s; in the 21th century in Europethe birthrate decreasesproviding great encouragement for creating more babie

13、scrisis is at handTopic sentence:The birthrate has decreased and European countries are providing encouragement to create more babies.三. It requires association (聯(lián)想) while rereading the passage. Youd better fancy(設(shè)想) what content should be in the blank ,according to the context(上下文）, the logic and t

14、he situation. Then check or adjust(調(diào)整) the answer according to the options(選項).根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，做完型填空題需要聯(lián)想，隨時設(shè)想所遇到空白中應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容，而后再以該題選項來驗證自己的推測，作出調(diào)整或修正。在解題過程中，要做到瞻前顧后、左右平衡、貫通全篇。For example（NMET95）:Washoe 56 like a human, too . The scientists keep her in a fully furnished （家具齊全的） house. 56. A. live B. acts C

15、. thinks D. plays 下文談到的是Washoe的生活環(huán)境和生活習(xí)慣， 所以該句的意思應(yīng)該是“Washoe生活得也象人類”. 四. Reread the whole passage and check the answers.Some methods in common use完型填空的一些通用性的解題方法 一.non-nexus elimination methods (無關(guān)詞排除法）:The cloze test usually has a very clear and definite focus (中心主線)，the right option (選項) is certain

16、 to be close to the theme(主題). So those non-nexus options could be eliminated（排除） easily.For example:Affairs Ministry concluded last year that, in spite of65 cash encouragement(獎勵), some women just dont want to be left 66 holding the baby. “What we know is that its good for the 67 if men and women s

17、hare the burden of having children.” 67. A. birthrateB. income C. healthD. spiritA. birthrate出生率 B. income收入 C. health健康D. spirit精神，靈魂 二. Word-presenting simultaneity (同現(xiàn)法）：Word-presenting simultaneity is a means of linking up. The writer always uses some keys words/phrases which are of the same ori

18、entation(具有相同傾向性的詞語) to connect the whole passage. of the same orientationExample:“Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. 41 Neither kind of sleep is at all well-understood , but REM sleep is 42 to

19、 serve some restorative（有助于復(fù)元的）function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more 43 .“43. A. subtle（狡猾的，敏感的） B. obvious C. mysterious D. doubtfulNeitherwell-understood He was a small man, 43 , and dressed in a clean but old44 suit of clothes. I was happy with his work, but not happy w

20、ith the 51 way he worked. He was too quiet.But he worked well: like a 55machine, never looking or speaking.43. A. silentB. quiet C. excitedD. nervous Tautology, namely, repetition, is that some key words or expressions of the same meaning appear in different places to run-through the whole passage.

21、Tautology is another linking way. For example:三. tautology method(復(fù)現(xiàn)法）: quiet55machineneverspeaking.四. Relevancy method(關(guān)聯(lián)法）：Sometimes, two or more words or expressions of the same sort appear as parallel structure (并列結(jié)構(gòu)）at the same time. Generally, one of the parallel is set known, but the other on

22、e is unknown. Example:He worked through the day by 48 and into the 49 by candlelight. I was 50 with his work, but not happy with the 51 he worked. Had he been happy and 53 , I would have liked him much better.48. A. night B. sunlight C. lightD. day49. A. eveningB. daylightC. nightD. dawn50. A. happy

23、B. carefulC. patient D. satisfy51. A. mannerB. meansC. wayD. method53. A. quietB. humorousC. cheerfulD. talkativehappy withhappyand 53was happy with五. Time clue(時間線索）：Example 2:That the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, 30 by the invention of the integrated circuit(集成電路) during

24、 the 1960s, radically changed the process”30. A. broughtB. followed C. excitedD. characterizedthe introduction of the computer時間：early 20th centurythe invention of the integrated circuit時間：1960s (20世紀中后期）早出現(xiàn)晚出現(xiàn)followed byWhile doing cloze test, from which angles do we choose the answer among the opt

25、ions?Then he suddenly felt nervous. After all, it was his first time to 47 a part in a play（NMET91） 47.A.made B. join C. have D. give1. From the angle of the habitual use or collocation 從慣用法、搭配角度考慮。have a partTaking off his clothes, he jumped into the river. The 52 water made him tremble all over.(N

26、MET91)52.A.deep B. cool C. dirty D. cold 2.From the angle of logical reasoning and common knowledge從邏輯推理、常識等角度考慮。3.From the angle of context 從上下文的角度考慮.trembleAffairs Ministry concluded last year that, 1 cash encouragement(獎勵), some women just dont want to be left holding the baby.1. A. In spite of B. at the cost of C. in addition to D. due todont wantShe noticed how nervous he was and suggested. he should stand near the sta