DifferencesbetweentheChineseandAmericancultures中美文化比較

1、摘要：中美文化有其共通之處，但也有很多的差異。中國有著悠久的歷史，經過 長時間的文化積淀逐漸形成具有中國特色的傳統文化。美國雖然歷史不長，但是美國文化已經成為世界的主流文化之一。今天我們將從教育、宗教、飲食等方面 來對比中美文化之間的異同，提高我們跨文化交際的能力。關鍵字：中國，美國，文化異同，教育，宗教，飲食AbstractThere are some similarities between Chinese and American culture, but also kinds of differences 0 China is a country that has a long his

2、tory , in the long period cultural accumulation， the traditional culture with Chinese characteristics came into being。 Although the United States don t have such a long histoAynerican culture has become one of the mainstream culture in the world。Today we llCompare the similarities and differences be

3、tween Chinese and American cultures from three aspects:religion, education and food。 In this way , we can improve our ability of cross-culture communicationKey words： China,America,similarities,differences,education,religion,foodDifferences between the Chinese and American culturesAs we know ,there

4、are many differences between Chinese and American cultures. If we desire to learn about U.S or communicate with Americans in proper way ,it is necessary for us to know about cross-cultural communication. Cross-cultural communication (also referred to as intercultural communication) is a field of stu

5、dy that focus on how people from different cultural backgrounds communicate, in similar and different ways among themselves, and how they endeavor to communicate across cultures. Only if we are familiar with the similarities and differences can we avoid cultural conflicts and get along well with for

6、eign friends. When you are concerned about what you can do and what you can t, your foreign friends will show respect for your national culture and there is no doubt that you can enhance the level of cross-culture communication .In the essay,I ,talik about similarities and differences in three aspec

7、ts between Chinese and American culture :religion ,food and festival.1.religionAmerica is remarkable now, as in the past,for its attachment to the principle of freedom of belief or disbelief . -The First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States indicates that Congress shall make no law est

8、ablishing religion, or prohibit the free exercise thereof.So you can choose your indivisual relision.According to the research, The largest religion in the US is Christianity, practiced by the majority of the population (76% in 2008); Speaking in general terms, the contemporary American is a Christi

9、an country. A research indicates that most Americans believe the existence of Santa Clous, Christ Jesusand angel even after they have received education and become adults. It s easy to see the ingrained status of Christianity in the United States of America. Christianity has the idea that people hav

10、e original sin, becausehuman ancestors, Adam and eva had sinned, corrupt moral invaded their body, and transmitted to their descendants,the result is that all mankind have sin. Obviously, Christianity preached that man and God, the separation of man and nature. China is a multi-religious country, an

11、d Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Catholicism and Christian are the main religions in the country.Incomplete statistics show that there are more than 100 million religious followers in China with over 85 000 religious sites, over 3000 religious groups and some 74 religious colleges. Chinese people also enj

12、oy the freedom of religious belief according to law, and regular religious activities are protected by the Constitution. All religious believers and non-religious people in the country respect for each other in beliefs and customs and live together in harmonies. While Chinese religion would emphasiz

13、e that the harmony between man and nature, issues of life within a confined themselves, to solve problems with people-oriented. It s quite different fronChTistianity.2.foodGenerally speaking, we Chinese think food is very important to man. People often associate food with important holidays and the

14、chance to meet distinguished guests. The Chinese food not only is very delicious and tasty but also very pleasing to your senses and many of dishes have very beautiful and fancy names. The Chinese have the food culture of our own which are quite different from westerners.In the west, people pay more

15、 attention to the nutrition of food rather than the looks of it. The cuisine and table manners are quite different from ours in a great extent.It is a very common practice we Chinese people say Have you had your meal? when they meet each other around the time before or after meals. In fact, it is a

16、kind of greeting to communicate with each other. But foreigners cannot understand that becausethey think why you ask me this. They tend to think you want to invite me to dinner or I am not rich enough to feed myself regularly but that is my business not yours. Chinese think food is very important an

17、d essential to people so it shows some care and concern about you. Very often it puzzles foreigners a lot that we ask and talk so much when we order our food in the restaurant. One reason is we ask what the food or the dish is and try to clarify it because you sometimes never know what the food is j

18、ust according the name of the food until it is put on your table in the restaurant just. While most of western food has a simple and clear name and you know what it is when you hear the name. For instance, there is a traditional food call fish and chips in the UK. You see it is very obvious it is fr

19、ied fish and potato chips. The reason for this in China is on the one hand to try to tell you the way it cooks such as cook, fry, grill and broil in the name and on the other it has beautiful good names so that you have a good imagination and association to let you have a good appetite.Generally spe

20、aking, we dont use much tableware when we have our meal in China. Mainly we have bowl, dishes, chopsticks and spoons, which we dont use very often. In serving English meals, they use so much tableware with different kinds and sizes. The Chinese do not know how to use them properly when they are invi

21、ted to dinner in English family. For example there are different kinds of names for glasses in English, such as wine glass, cherry glass, brandy glass, beer glass, snifter glass, champion flute and high bowl. You can see tableware also show the food culture of different cationUs s hig

22、her education was considered as the best education inwoeld. Comparing the elementary education between American and China, peoples universal view will be: Chinas elementary education aims to build the foundation of education with more study and less thought; while USs education aims to bulid such an

23、 education to raise the creativity with less study and more thought. the Chinesestudents study more, actually pay little attention to the practice, and cannot study for the purpose of application.USs education pays more attention to raise students self-confidence,independence,spirit of supporting on

24、eself, but Chinas education emphaseson training the students to be strict,rigorous spiritual. When American school inspects the result of student, they emphasize more on the ability to analyze and solve the question but not the ability of memory or description. The American students donot need the m

25、echanical memorizing, but display creative thought as far as possible; This can cultivate students study interest, raise the ability of doing it byself and make the study be one kind of creative action.Conclusion Chinese culure is broad and profound,but American culture also has its unique and style

26、.After learning this class,I have a general impression on American culture,there are quite differences between Chinese and American culture.I think that it s beneficial to be familiar to this differences for our ci-csstual communication.References1Luther S.LuedtkeAmerica:United States information Ag

27、ency,20032托馬斯里克納美式家庭一一品質教育家長對策 海南：海南出版社，2001 年3章創(chuàng)生美國爸爸中國爸爸一一向美國家長學教子重慶：重慶出版社，2011(6)4董小川美國文化概論.北京：人民出版社，20065中梅道教一一中國道家文化百科999問青海：青海人民出版社，2012(1)6趙林西方宗教文化武昌：武漢大學出版社，2011年(6)7學晏佛家與管理北京：社會科學文獻出版社，2012年(6)8徐懷啟古代基督教史上海：上海人民出版社，2012 (6)9(美)米拉德 丁 .艾利克森基督教神學導論上海：人民出版社，2012 (6)10李維冰中國飲食文化概論北京：中國商業(yè)出版社， 2006

28、(6)11美國飲食文化， HYPERLINK /view/2143412.htm /view/2143412.htm英語諺語警句100句精選Proverbs are the daughters of daily experience1是日常經驗的結晶。Look before you leap./Second thoughts are best.三思而后行。/ 再想而后行。Great minds think alike; (heroes have similar views.)英雄所見略同。We shall never have friends if we expect to find them

29、 without fault.欲求完美無缺 的朋友必然成為孤家寡人。What you sow, you must mow.種瓜得瓜，種豆得豆。A beggar can never be bankrup仄無絕人之路。A friend in need is a friend indeed 患難見真情。No news is good news.沒有消息就是好消息。No cross, no crown.不經歷風雨，怎么見彩虹。The more haste, the less speed. /Haste makes was跳速貝 U不達。Victory belongs to the most perse

30、vering.堅持就是勝禾！A young idler, an old beggar.少壯不努力,老大徒傷悲。Put one s foot in one說詞outh體。It is no use crying over spilt milk覆水難收/悔恨已晚/木已成舟，回天乏力。Content is better than riches.知足常樂。No gains without pains.沒有辛苦就沒有收獲。The more a man knows, the more he is inclined to be modest.大智若愚。All roads lead to Rome條條大路通羅馬

31、。A snow year, a rich year.瑞雪兆豐年。Never say die!永不言?。he best mirror is a friend朋友峰眼ye是最好的鏡子。Faith will move mountain.精誠所至，金石為開。A life without a friend is a life without a sun.人生沒有朋友，猶如生活沒有了太 陽。Great wits have short memories貴人多忘事。Do well and have well.善有善報。A bad thing never dies.壞事傳千年。Four eyes see mo

32、re than two.人多識廣 /集思廣益。Diligence is the parent of success.勤勞是成功的根本。Water dropping day by day wears the hardest rock awa滴水穿石。Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst.抱最好的愿望，做最壞的打算。While there is life, there is hope. /Debt is better than death.留得青山在，不怕 沒柴燒。/有生命就有希望。Where there is a will, there is

33、a way.功夫不負有心人。/有志者事竟成。Where there is great love, there are always miracles.哪里有真愛存在，哪里就 有奇跡。Where there is smoke, there is fire.無風不起浪。One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boyr個和尚挑水喝，兩個 和尚抬水喝，三個和尚沒水喝。A stitch in time saves nine.及時縫一針能省九針。/小洞不補，大洞吃苦。Never too old to learn, never too lat

34、e to turn.亡羊補牢,為時不晚。Don t claim to know what you don不要 know封董。Do in Rome as Roman do 入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。Rome was not built in a day.冰凍三尺,非一日之寒。Sharpening your axe will not delay your job of cutting wood.磨刀不誤砍柴工。Things of a kind come together, people a mind fall into a group. 物以類聚，人以 群分。One man s meat is another m

35、an 蘿po囪曲.,各有所愛。like author like book.文如其人。Like for like.惺惺相惜。Like teacher like pupil.有其師必有其徒。Gods that run many hares kill none.f多必失。Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。Actions speak louder than words.行勝于言。You cannot eat your cake and have it.魚與熊掌，不可兼得。One loses by pride and gains by modesty涉招損，謙受益。Love me,

36、 love my dog. 愛屋及烏。An apple a day keeps the doctor away 每日一蘋果遠離醫(yī)生。Time past cannot be called back again.時光不倒流。A drop of water cannot make a sea, and a tree cannot make a wood. 滴水不成 海，獨木不成林。If you venture nothing, you will have nothing.不入虎穴，焉得虎子。The tree is known by its fruit.觀其行知其人。All work no play

37、makes Jack a dull boy只會用功不玩耍，聰明的孩子也變傻。The pot calls the kettle black.五十步笑百步。Unkindness often reacts on the unkind person.惡有惡報。Today s work should never be left over till tomwr 今日事今日畢。Nothing so bad but might have been worse.塞翁失馬，焉知非福。God helps those who help themselves.自助者大助。Complacency is the enemy of study.學習的敵人是自己的滿足。A fox may grow gray, but never goodl山易改，本性難移。A friend without faults will never be found.沒有十全十美的朋友。A good beginning is half done.良好的開端是成功的一半。A good book is the best of friends, the same tod