基礎英語學習WILLIAMSHAKESPEARETheBardofAvon課件

1、William ShakespeareThe Bard of Avon1864 - 1616Born in Stratford upon AvonMarried at 18 to Ann HathawayHad 3 childrenLate 1580s he left for LondonBetween 1585 and 1592 he was also a writer and part owner of the “Lord Chaberlains Men”. (They became The Kings Men in 1603 when James became King of Engla

2、nd)He had 6 plays published by 1594Shakespeare started work as an actor The age of Shakespeare was an interesting time in English history. The reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603) saw England emerge as the leading naval and commercial power of the Western world. England consolidated its position w

3、ith the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, and Elizabeth firmly established the Church of England begun by her father, King Henry VIII (following Henrys dispute with the Pope over having his first marriage annulled). European wars brought an influx of continental refugees into England, exposing p

4、eople to new cultures. Sir Francis Drake circumnavigated the world and became the most celebrated English sea captain of his generation.Shakespeare arrived in London in 1588. At that time, places like Euston and Paddington were tiny villages on the outskirts of Englands capital city. London itself c

5、overed just one square mile of land!Life in London was just like it is in any capital city today hectic! People got around on foot or horseback they crossed the river by boat as there was only one bridge.London Bridge was more than a convenient crossing in Shakespeares time. It was a residential str

6、eet and shopping centre too.The bridges stone structure supported houses and shops built of timber and brick.The average lifespan for men was 47 But just 35 in LondonA gate at the south end reminded Shakespeare and his fellow Londoners that Elizabethan justice could be harsh. The heads of executed c

7、riminals were displayed here.People in London were used to such violent sights. On a Law Day they might watch as many as 30 public executions.A good executioner could hang, draw and quarter a victim, pulling out the condemned persons intestines and holding them up to their dying face . . . Sometimes

8、, the people would choose to visit St. Marys of Bethlehem, or Bedlam the local lunatic asylum. They would then pay a penny for a sharp stick which could be used to poke the lunatics, provoking these poor people to dance!Southwark was just beyond the range of Londons local law-makers. It was the haun

9、t of the Elizabethan pleasure-seekers. Among their destinations were the Hope, Rose, Swan and Globe theatres. Public alehouses, bawdy houses, and bear-baiting pits also featured here. Establishments like these annoyed the authorities in Shakespeares time, and were the focus for many an unruly crowd.

10、This view of London is from the south of the river, from Southwark. You can see some of the theatres in the foreground of the picture.The Bear Garden (below) was not only a theatre but also a bear baiting pit. This picture shows what the Elizabethan theatres were like inside. Only a few members of t

11、he audience sat under cover. Most stood up in the open air.The Globe TheatreThe StageThe Gallery and the “groundlings”The PlaysShakespeare wrote 38 plays (about 2 per year) and 154 sonnets 2 long narrative poems .and an unknown number of long epic poemsThe PlaysShakespeare has been translated into e

12、very living language His plays are performed more often than those of any other playwrightThe PlaysShakespeare wrote between 1589 and 1613His early plays were mostly comedies and histories (to end of 16th Century)Then mainly tragedies until 1609Finally tragi-comedies, romances and collaborations wit

13、h other playwrightsThe PlaysComedyThe Taming of the ShrewMuch Ado About NothingAs You Like It12th NightMidsummer Nights DreamTragedyHamletRomeo and JulietOthelloKing LearMacbeathHistoryRichard IIIHenery VLanguageGrammar and spelling were less standardisedShakespeares use of language shaped modern EnglishInvented 32,000 wordsWe use about 5,000 today egHot bloodedLeapfrogWith baited breathA foregone conclusionShakespeare is buried in Holy Trinity Church in