專升本-主謂一致

1、主謂一致AGREEMENT1Useful structures語法詳解： 所謂主謂一致是指主語和謂語動(dòng)詞之間,即主語的人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定著謂語動(dòng)詞對(duì)應(yīng)的形式。2主謂一致主要有以下幾種情況：1. and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上單數(shù)名詞或者代詞作主語的時(shí)候,謂語動(dòng)詞有以下兩種情況：(1) He and she _both students of this school. 他和她都是這個(gè)學(xué)校的學(xué)生。如果指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上不同的人或事物的時(shí)候,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。一、語法一致原則are3(2) 但如果連接兩個(gè)以上的名詞指的是同一個(gè)人或物, 或者指同一概念的時(shí)候, 謂語要用單數(shù)。 4 The singer and

2、 dancer_ going to give us a performance. 那個(gè)歌唱家兼舞蹈演員要給我們表演。 The knife and fork _on the table. 刀叉在桌子上。 isis52. 如果主語是不定式, 動(dòng)詞ing形式或主語從句的時(shí)候,謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。When he is coming _ very important. 他什么時(shí)候要來看起來很重要。 Collecting stamps _ his hobby. 收集郵票是他的愛好。 To love her _ not to break her wings. 愛她就不該折斷她自由飛翔的翅膀。seemsisi

3、s63. 定語從句的關(guān)系代詞who, which, that在從句中作主語時(shí)，要與先行詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。 Those who_ singing may join us. Tom, who _ your friend, should help you. enjoyis74. with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, but, including 如果句子中有這些連接詞和主語連用,謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)隨主語的變化而變化。例如：The teacher, together with his st

4、udents, _ planting trees in the street. 老師和他的學(xué)生們正在街道上植樹。is8either . or; neither . nor; not only . but also, whether.or在句子中連接主語的時(shí)候;或者在there be句型中,謂語動(dòng)詞要和就近的主語保持一致。二、就近原則Neither you nor I _ wrong. There _ a cup of tea and some apples on the table.amis9Not only the students but also the teacher _ for a

5、holiday. wishes10三、概念一致原則 所謂概念一致原則是指謂語動(dòng)詞和主語一致不是取決于主語的語法形式, 而是其實(shí)際意義。有的主語名詞在形式上是單數(shù), 但在意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù)；有的主語名詞在形式上是復(fù)數(shù), 但在意義上卻是單數(shù)。111. 不定代詞all, more, some, any, none作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞視情況而定。All of the apples _rotten. 所有的蘋果都爛了。All of the apple _rotten. 整個(gè)蘋果都爛了。 are is12None 和 neither 有時(shí)當(dāng)作單數(shù)看待，有時(shí)當(dāng)作復(fù)數(shù)看待，主要根據(jù)說話人的意思決定。做主語時(shí)，謂動(dòng)可用

6、單數(shù)，也可用復(fù)數(shù)。但在代表不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)?？醋鲉螖?shù)，因而謂動(dòng)須用單數(shù)。Neither of them _ (know) how to teach English.None of them _ (know) how to teach English. knows/know knows/know13142. the rest of; half of; part of; majority of; percent of; one third of在句子中加名詞作主語的時(shí)候,謂語動(dòng)詞與of后面的名詞保持一致。15Half of the students _finished theircomposition

7、. 一半的學(xué)生已經(jīng)完成了他們的作文。Half of the apple _bad. 一半的蘋果壞了。About 60 percent of the students in ourschool _boys. 我們學(xué)校, 大約百分之六十的學(xué)生是男生.haveisare163. 集合名詞作主語, 動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù), 也可以用復(fù)數(shù)。主要由句子的意思決定。強(qiáng)調(diào)整體謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；指全體人員時(shí), 動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)。這一類常見的集合名詞有public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group。17His family _going out. 他們?nèi)乙獬?。His

8、 family _all music lovers. 他們?nèi)胰硕际且魳窅酆谜摺s are 184. 某些名詞如people, police, cattle等,形式上是單數(shù), 但意義上是復(fù)數(shù), 謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。people指“民族”時(shí)是例外。 The police _ searching for a thief. The cattle _ eating grass on the hill.areare195. 復(fù)合不定代詞作主語, 謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)，如someone ,somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, ev

9、eryone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing。Someone_ asking for you. 有人找你。Nothing _ found in the room. 在屋子里什么也沒找到。isis206. 某些名詞如clothes, trousers, shoes, glasses等, 通常只用其復(fù)數(shù)形式, 但當(dāng)它們被a pair of 修飾時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如: The shoes _ worn out. 鞋子破了。 The pair of shoes _ worn out. 這雙鞋破了。 areis21某些名詞以s結(jié)尾如maths, politi

10、cs, physics, news, plastics 等，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)。物理是一門很有趣的學(xué)科。 Physics is a very interesting subject.228. every. and every .; each . and each .; no . and no . 在以上短語中and連接的單數(shù)名詞, 整個(gè)短語在句中作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞常使用單數(shù)。 Each man and each woman_ asked to attend. is23班級(jí)中的每個(gè)男孩女孩都很用功。聽不到任何聲音。Every boy and every girl in the class is

11、diligent.No sound and no voice is heard.249. 以a number of 作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù); 以the number of 作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 A number of new books_ on the desk. The number of students in you class _ 50. areis2510. 有些名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式一樣, 作主語的時(shí)候, 其謂語動(dòng)詞由上下文決定, 這一類名詞有: means, works, deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。 Not every

12、means _ useful. 不是每種方法都好使。 Not all means _ useful. 不是所有的方法都好使。isare2611. many a, more than one, one and a half與單數(shù)名詞組成的短語, 謂語用單數(shù)。 Many a boy _ seen it. 許多孩子都看到了。12. 書刊名、時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。 Thirty years _ not a long time. Roots is a famous American novel.hasis271. this kind of book = a b

13、ook of this kind (這種書) , 其謂語用單數(shù); 短語this kind of men = men of this kind = these kind of men (口語) (這一類人), 但this kind of men 的謂語用單數(shù), men of this kind 和these kind of men 的謂語用復(fù)數(shù), all kinds of 后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞, 謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：應(yīng)該注意的幾個(gè)問題:28 This kind of men _ dangerous. Men of this kind _dangerous.2. 在主謂倒裝的句子中,謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后

14、的主語一致。例如: Between the two windows _ a picture.isarehangs293. “分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語以及由“ a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of + 名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞要與短語中of 后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致,這是因?yàn)槎陶Z中后面的名詞是中心詞,而短語中前面的量詞是修飾語。例如:30Lots of damage_ caused by fire.About three-fourths of the eart

15、hs surface _ covered with water.Three-fifths of the workers here _women.和這種情況類似的還有“a number of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)”。但是,“the number of + 名詞”的中心詞卻是number。試比較： wasisare31A number of students _ gone to the countryside to help with the autumn harvest.The number of pages in this book _ two hundred.haveis32注意:a (large)

16、 quantity of 修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞, 其短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。A large quantity of people _ needed here.is33quantities of 修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:Quantities of food (nuts) _ on the table.短語in quantity, in large quantities 意為 “大量”; in small quantities 意為“少量”。 were344. a great deal of, a large amount of, 修飾不可數(shù)名詞, 其

17、短語作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù); large amounts of 修飾不可數(shù)名詞, 其短語作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:35A large amount of (A great deal of) damage _ done in a very short time.Large amounts of money _ spent on the bridge.waswere365. 表示數(shù)量的one and a half 后, 名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式, 但是其短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如： One and a half bananas _ left on the table.is3

18、76. 如果主語由“the + 形容詞(或過去分詞)”結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任時(shí),謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù);這類詞有: the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dub, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed 等; 但也有少數(shù)的過去分詞與定冠詞連用時(shí)指?jìng)€(gè)別,則用單數(shù)。例如：38The blind _ in special school.The departed(死者)_ a well-known en

19、gineer.這類形容詞或分詞如果要表示個(gè)體時(shí),就要與名詞man, person 或表示人的單數(shù)連用。例如: an old man, a rich person, the (a) wounded soldier.studywas39主謂一致練習(xí)401. Now Tom with his classmates _ football on the playground.A. play B. are playingC. plays D. is playing2. Thirty dollars _ too expensive.A. are B. is C. were D. be413. If anyb

20、ody _, please put down _ name, said the teacher to the monitor.A. wants to buy the book/his B. want to buy the book/theirC. will buy the book/ones D. wants to have the book bought/her4. Nothing but one desk and six chairs _ in the room.A. are B. is stayed C. is D. are left425. Between the two roads

21、_ a TV tower called Skyscraper Tower.A. stands B. standing C. which stands D. stand6. - Shall I wait here for three hours? -Yes. Three hours _ to wait for such a doctor.A. are not very long for you B. is not long enough for youC. was not long enough for you D. will be too long for you437. Every stud

22、ent and every teacher _.A. are going to attend the meeting B. have attended the meetingC. has attended the meeting D. is attended the meeting8. This pair of shoes _.A. is her B. is hersC. are hers D. are her44 Multiple choice:1. On the wall_ two large portraits. A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging2. “News of victories _ pouring in as our army advances”, the commander said. A. keep B. keeps C. kept D