小學(xué)名詞講解及練習(xí)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)專心-專注-專業(yè)精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)名詞一. 名詞的意義和種類1.名詞意義: 表示人、事物或抽象概念的詞。如：Shanghai, Lilei, desk2.名詞的種類：A.專有名詞:表示人名、月份、日期、地名等。如：Jim, June, China, Harbin.注意：(1)第一個(gè)字母要大寫；(2)專有名詞前不加冠詞，也沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)。B.普通名詞:表示某人或者某事物的名稱。(1)個(gè)體名詞：表單個(gè)的人或者事物。如：boy, teacher, apple(2)集體名詞：表一群人或一些事物的總稱。如：family

2、, people, police, class(3)物質(zhì)名詞：表無(wú)法分為個(gè)體的物質(zhì)。如：water, money, sea(4)抽象名詞：表抽象概念的詞。如：health, friendship二. 名詞的數(shù)A.可數(shù)名詞（個(gè)體名詞和集體名詞）：有單復(fù)數(shù)之分情況構(gòu)成讀音例詞一般的詞s 濁輔音z清輔音s day-days desk-desks以s, sh, ch, x結(jié)尾esizmatch-matches boss-bosses以輔音y結(jié)尾改y為ieszbaby-babies fly-flies以f/fe結(jié)尾改f為veszwife-wives leaf-leaves以輔音o結(jié)尾eszpotato-

3、potatoes hero-heroes但photo-photos以元音o結(jié)尾szradio-radios zoo-zoos1.規(guī)則變化2.不規(guī)則變化a.常見(jiàn)的有：man-men, foot-feet, mouse-mice, child-children, woman-women, tooth-teethb. 單復(fù)數(shù)同型: deer fish sheep Chinese Japanesec. 有些名詞通常只有復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)，這些名詞有：glasses, clothes, trousersd. 表示“某國(guó)人”的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)變化如下：(中日友好永不變) a Chinese-two Ch

4、inese; a Japanese- four Japanese(英法聯(lián)盟a變e) an English- eight Englishmen; an Frenchman-nine Frenchmen(其他后面加s) a German-five GermansB.不可數(shù)名詞（物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞）一般用單數(shù)形式。三.復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)則man和woman都要變，girl和boy卻不變四.名詞的格A. 有生命的名詞所有格：1、名詞s 例：湯姆的姐姐Toms sister；孩子們的書(shū)包 childrens schoolbags2、以s結(jié)尾 例：教師辦公室teachers office3、s 屬格常表

5、示有生命的東西，但也可表示無(wú)生命的東西如：表示時(shí)間 a days journey 一天的旅程：自然現(xiàn)象 the moons rays 月光：表國(guó)家，城市等實(shí)體 the citys parks 城市的公園：表工作群時(shí)候 the ships crew 船上的工作人員：表示度量衡及價(jià)值 a miles distance 一英里的距離：表示擬人化 deaths door 死亡之門：固定用法 a stones throw 一箭之遙B. 無(wú)生命的名詞所有格：一般用of短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成詞組。如：用于無(wú)生命的東西 the subject of the sentence 句子的主語(yǔ) ：用于名詞化的詞 the livel

6、ihood of the poor 窮人的生計(jì)：修飾語(yǔ)比較多的時(shí)候the very long and graceful tail of the old black cat老黑貓又長(zhǎng)又美的尾巴C. 省略s后的名詞時(shí)，常代指“家、工作場(chǎng)所”，例：在診所at the doctors, 在外婆家at my grandmothersD. 共有的格，后面名詞s：Joan和Jane的房間（共一間）Joan and Janes roomE.各有的格，每個(gè)名詞s：Joan和Jane的房間（每人一間）Joans and Janes roomsF. 雙重所有格，a.在所屬名詞前有a/an, one, some, a

7、ny, a few, this, my等冠詞、代詞、數(shù)詞時(shí)，常要用s或名詞性物主代詞與“of詞組+所有格”。例如：例：我姐姐的一個(gè)朋友 a friend of my sisters=one of my sisters friends.b. of 后面的名詞必須是指人的名詞。例： a picture of my uncle 叔叔本人的照片a picture of my uncles我叔叔的一張照片（我叔叔所有照片中的一張，但不一定是他本人的照片）如：表示部分a picture of Lis 李的一張照片：表示感情色彩 the big nose of Davids 戴維的那個(gè)大鼻子：雙重格與of

8、屬格的不同He is a friend of your husbands .他是你丈夫的一個(gè)朋友。（強(qiáng)調(diào)你丈夫不止一個(gè)朋友）He is a friend of your husband. 他是你丈夫的朋友。（強(qiáng)調(diào)他對(duì)你丈夫的友好）五.名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞數(shù)的變化一般情況下名詞為單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)；名詞為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)看下面的特殊情況：A. family, team, police, crowd, class等集體名詞，1.指一些人時(shí)，接謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：His family are having dinner.2.作整體意義看待時(shí)，接謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)形式: His family i

9、s a happy one.B. 度量、距離、金額或時(shí)間等名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，接謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)形式: Two days rest is not enough.C. 用and連接兩個(gè)以上的單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。如and連接的兩個(gè)名詞是指明同一個(gè)概念時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)。（1）The brother and sister are both students.（2）The doctor and writer is going to give a speech.D. 在there be, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also句型中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采取就近原則。例：Ei

10、ther you or he is going to buy the book.【練習(xí)】 1給出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 1）piece shoe orange lake 2）bus fox glass wish 3）body city enemy baby 4）boy key holiday way 5）life leaf thief wife 6）zoo piano radio photo 7）tomato hero 8）tooth foot goose 9）man woman fisherman policeman 10）German Chinese Japanese child roof

11、chief sheep 11）man doctor woman driver 小六專題復(fù)習(xí)之名詞 ( )1. These_ speak very good_.A、Germany, EnglishB、Germens, EnglandC、Germans, EnglishD、Germen, English( )2. We can see_ and _in the Zoo.A、hippos, kangaroosB、hippoes, kangaroosC、hippos, kangaroosD、hippoes, kangaroos( )3. Help yourself to some _.A、chicke

12、ns and applesB、chicken and applesC、chickens and appleD、chicken and apple( )4. Some of them are_.A、woman doctorsB、woman doctorC、women doctorsD、women doctor( )5. Joan is_sister.A、Mary and JackB、Marys and JacksC、Marys and JackD、Mary and Jacks( )6._that pair of new_ Marys?A、Is, shoeB、Are, shoeC、Is, shoe

13、sD、Are, shoes( )7. March 8 is_ Day.A、WomansB、WomansC、Woman ofD、Womens ( )9. What would you like to drink, girls?_ , please.A、Two cup of coffeeB、Two cups of coffeesC、Two cups of coffeeD、Two cup of coffees( )10. There is _in the bottle.A、no any milkB、not a milkC、not any milkD、no milks( )11. Twelve _we

14、re hurt, but no_ were lost in that accident.A、person, lifeB、people, livesC、peoples, livesD、persons, life( )12. Look, these_ eating grass on the hill.A、sheep is B、sheeps isC、sheep areD、sheeps are( )13. My father told me _just now.A、two piece of newsB、two pieces of new C、two newsD、two pieces of newses

15、( )14._turn green in spring.A、LeafB、LeavesC、LeaveD、Leafs( )15. He bought two_ for our computers.A、mouseB、miceC、mousesD、mices ( )16. They come from different _A. country B. countries C. a country D. countrys ( )17. There are some _ in these _. A. knifespencil-boxes B. knivespencils-box C. knivespenci

16、l-box D .knivespencils-boxes( )18. _ like _ by air. A. Greens, travelling B. The Green, traveling C. The Greens, travel D. The Greens, traveling ( )19 There is no _ in the plate.A. apples B. oranges C. rice D. eggs ( )20 are usually careful in doing exercises. A、Girl studentsB、Girls studentsC、Girls

17、studentsD、Girls students( )21.Theyare_ A、mandoctorB、mendoctorsC、mendoctorD、mandoctors ( )22Thosewhitesocks_small. A、areB、isC、amD、do ( )23Howmany_dotheyhave? A、pictureB、picturesC、apicture ( )24TomandJimare_. A、friendsB、friendC、brotherD、sister ( )25 This is room. A、Tom and MarysB、Toms and Marys C、Toms

18、 and MaryD、 Tom and Mary( )26We had a good time during our holiday. A、two-weeksB、two weeks C、two-weeks D、two weeks ( )27I can see some on the hill. A、sheeps and deers B、sheep and deer C、sheeps and deer D、sheep and deer( )28We are , but they are . A、Germans; Japanese B、Germen; Japanese C、Germans; JapanesesD、Germen; Japanese ( )29My father left his bike outside and went in. A、the doctorB、a doctor C、doctors D、the doctors ( )30Would you like ? Thank you, but Im not thirsty. A、some breadB、some sandwich