四六級(jí)翻譯部分講解

1、1 Translation一.題型特征1. 漢譯英。2. 內(nèi)容單純。3. 補(bǔ)全句子。 二. 基本原則和評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)最基本的原則 準(zhǔn)確和通順2 1. 整體內(nèi)容和語言均正確滿分。 2. 結(jié)構(gòu)正確，但整體意思不確切，信息不全 或用詞不當(dāng)一半分。 3. 整體意思正確，但語言有錯(cuò)誤 一半分。 4. 整體意思錯(cuò)誤，即使結(jié)構(gòu)正確 0分 5. 大小寫錯(cuò)誤及標(biāo)點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤忽略不計(jì)。評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：3翻譯題型三大考點(diǎn)： 1. 固定搭配考點(diǎn)：這是翻譯中的最 為核心的考點(diǎn)，也是近幾次命題密 度最高的知識(shí)點(diǎn)，應(yīng)該引起考生的 高度重視。比如說名詞與動(dòng)詞搭配， 形容詞與名詞搭配，動(dòng)詞與副詞的 修飾關(guān)系，名詞與介詞搭配，更為 重要的是常見的

2、固定詞組以及固定 表達(dá)，這些都可能成為考試的 命題重點(diǎn)。42. 核心語法考點(diǎn)：這部分語法考點(diǎn) 大多數(shù)是以前詞匯語法考點(diǎn)的重 現(xiàn)和轉(zhuǎn)移，這一點(diǎn)要引起同學(xué)的重 視，盡管詞匯單選題現(xiàn)在不考了， 但是還是不能忽視這部分題目，因 為考點(diǎn)是一致的。核心語法考點(diǎn)最 重要的虛擬語氣，其次是倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)、 從句知識(shí)、非謂語動(dòng)詞、強(qiáng)調(diào) 等。3. 核心動(dòng)詞以及動(dòng)詞短語的考查。 5 應(yīng)試方法 翻譯中的常見問題對(duì)材料理解不當(dāng)，造成譯文與原意偏差過大。表達(dá)能力欠缺，譯文不夠通順、流暢。 應(yīng)對(duì)辦法1. 重視語言基本功訓(xùn)練。2. 對(duì)英語基本句型了解，熟悉各種方法和技巧。 6 答題步驟通讀題目，準(zhǔn)確理解；分析成分，劃分意群；選擇詞

3、義，貼切表達(dá)；通讀全句，檢驗(yàn)加工。 檢驗(yàn)加工過程 1. 核實(shí)譯文與原文內(nèi)容是否一致； 2. 檢查譯文是否符合英語表達(dá)習(xí)慣； 3. 檢查譯文是否有錯(cuò)譯或漏譯； 4. 檢查標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)； 5. 對(duì)譯文進(jìn)一步加工潤(rùn)色。7 考點(diǎn)一. 詞匯層面 大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)類 course arrangement (課程安排)大學(xué)生活類 society(學(xué)生社團(tuán))交通規(guī)則類 traffic regulation（交通規(guī)則）觀光旅游類 holiday resort(度假區(qū)) 社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)類 advance with times與時(shí)俱進(jìn); brain drain人才外流; comprehensive national power綜合國(guó)

4、力8二. 核心考核語法虛擬語氣 從句倒裝非謂語動(dòng)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)句形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)9學(xué)習(xí)各語法點(diǎn)，重點(diǎn)討 論兩個(gè)語法點(diǎn); 并在歷年真題中找出至少反映此語法點(diǎn)的5道例題每小組確定一名reporterReporter講解匯報(bào)10 一、 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣的考點(diǎn)可以歸納如下：1.(should)+動(dòng)詞原形的情形2.if或but for等引導(dǎo)的條件句3.wish, if only, it is time的用法11(should)+動(dòng)詞原形的情形 1.1在動(dòng)詞suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist, r

5、equire, decide, promise, resolve, argue, maintain, determine, recommend, advise, advocate, persuade等表示“命令”、“建議”、“要求”動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句中。She insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance. 她堅(jiān)持要預(yù)定座位。He advised that the doctor (should) be sent for. 他勸我們派人請(qǐng)醫(yī)生。121.2 在advice, demand, order, necessity, resolu

6、tion, decision, proposal, requirement, suggestion, idea, recommendation, request, plan,等名詞后的主語從句或表語從句中-上面動(dòng)詞對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞He issued the order that the troops (should) withdraw at once. 他命令部隊(duì)馬上撤退。131.3 在形容詞important, necessary, imperative, natural, urgent, essential, appropriate, desirable, vital, advisable, p

7、referable, incredible以及短語no wonder, a pity等可以構(gòu)成“It is +形容詞（名詞）+that”句型中。 It is necessary that some immediate effort (should) be made. 必須立即采取行動(dòng)。14if引導(dǎo)虛擬條件句的用法 15He wouldnt feel so cold if he were indoors.他要是在室內(nèi)就不會(huì)覺得冷了（與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反）I am sorry I am very busy just now. If I had time, I would certainly go to

8、the movies with you.我很抱歉，現(xiàn)在很忙。如果有時(shí)間，我肯定陪你去看電影了。（與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反）The conference wouldnt have been so successful if we hadnt made adequate preparations.如果我們不做充分的準(zhǔn)備，會(huì)議是不會(huì)開得這么成功的。（與過去事實(shí)相反）If it snowed/were to snow/should snow tomorrow, I should (would) stay at home.如果明天下雪，我就呆在家里。but for=if it were not for/if it

9、 had not been forlBut for your help they would not have fulfilled the task in time.如果沒有你的幫助，他們不可能按時(shí)完成任務(wù)。16It is (high, about) time 此句型要求用虛擬語氣謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式，指現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r，表示“早該干某事而已經(jīng)有些晚了”Its time_(采取措施) about the traffic problem downtown.something was done/some measures were taken17動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 we

10、re或動(dòng)詞的一般過去與過去事實(shí)相反 had done或would/could have done將來沒有把握或不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望 would/should(could, might)+動(dòng)詞原形I wish she were here. 她在這里就好了。I wish you would go with us tomorrow. 但愿你明天跟我們一塊去。I wish she had taken my advice. 那時(shí)她要是聽我的話就好了。18if only后用虛擬語氣（要是就太好了）現(xiàn)在沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望 一般過去式過去沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望 過去完成式If only she had known wher

11、e to find you. 他要是知道到哪里去找你就好了。If only I could speak several foreign languages!我要是能講幾種外語就好了！19二、從句（一）名詞性從句名詞從句是指行使名詞功能的從句，包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句以及補(bǔ)語從句。201.主語從句-從句作主語主語從句主要由that, what, whether, how以及其它詞引導(dǎo)，還有就是由代詞it作形式主語。That he survived the accident.他在這場(chǎng)事故中幸免于難，真是奇跡。特別提示：盡管that并沒有實(shí)際含義，但是他起到引導(dǎo)主語從句的功能，在

12、這里不可或缺。What he enjoys doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance.他喜歡做的事情被社會(huì)所忽視認(rèn)為毫無價(jià)值，無足輕重。How he managed to finish the job is of interest to us all.他是如何設(shè)法完成這項(xiàng)工作的，我們對(duì)此都很感興趣Whether the results will be valuable depends partly on our attitudes towards it.結(jié)果是否有價(jià)值在部分程度上取決于我們對(duì)此的態(tài)度特別提示：whether

13、引導(dǎo)的主語從句位于句首時(shí)，whether不能由if代替。is a miracle212.賓語從句-從句作賓語。The court decisions have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education.法院裁決責(zé)令公立學(xué)校必須采取必要步驟提供這種教育。I cant understand why he avoided speaking to me.我不理解他為什么不跟我說話。 真題重現(xiàn)【CET-4：2007.12】Many Americans live on credit, and

14、 their quality of life _(是用他們能夠借到多少來衡量的), not how much they can earn.參考答案：is measured by how much they can loan223.表語從句-從句作表語The next question we have to decide is when we have to submit the annual report.我們必須決定的下一個(gè)問題是，什么時(shí)候我們必須呈交年度報(bào)告?！綜ET-4：2007.12】In my sixties, one change I notice is that _(我比以前更容

15、易累了)。參考答案：I am more likely to get tired than before23（二）定語從句定語從句是修飾限定名詞或代詞的從句。掌握定語從句的關(guān)鍵在于把握引導(dǎo)詞，既用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞。定語從句的內(nèi)容比較龐雜，希望同學(xué)們?cè)趶?fù)習(xí)時(shí)多總結(jié)和歸納。 真題重現(xiàn)【CET-4：2007.6】The prevent and treatment of AIDS is _ (我們可以合作的領(lǐng)域).參考答案：a field where(in which) we can cooperate.24（三）狀語從句狀語從句分為：時(shí)間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、地點(diǎn)狀語從句、原因狀語從句、目的狀語從

16、句、結(jié)果狀語從句、方式狀語從句、讓步狀語從句和比較狀語從句 真題重現(xiàn)【CET-4：2007.12】 I am going to pursue this course, _(無論我要作出什么樣的犧牲)。參考答案：no matter what kind of sacrifice I have to make【CET-4：2006.12】Some psychologists claim that people_(出門在外時(shí)可能會(huì)感到孤獨(dú))參考答案：may feel lonely when they are away from home25 三、倒裝1當(dāng)“only+狀語”位于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)用倒裝，如不

17、在句首或雖在句首但不修辭狀語時(shí)用正常語序。Only when you have obtained sufficient data can you come to a sound conclusion.只有當(dāng)你獲得足夠的數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)，你才能得出正確的結(jié)論Only in this way can we catch up with the worlds advanced levels in science and technology.只有這樣我們才能趕上世界的先進(jìn)科學(xué)技術(shù)水平。其他如：only then, only once, only in AmericaChina, only after the a

18、ccident等。 真題重現(xiàn)【CET-6：2007.6】Only in the small town_. (他才感到安全和放松)參考答案：does she feel secure and relaxed262. never等具有否定意義的詞或詞組居于句首時(shí)用倒裝。這類詞或詞組常用的有：never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, not until, by no means, under no circumstances, under no condition, in no way(決不), in no case(決不), neither (

19、nor), no sooner(than), hardly(when), barely(僅僅，幾乎不), on no account(絕不）, in no circumstances(決不), not a bit, nowhere（任何地方都不）, not onlybut also等。Not only was Churchill a statesman, but also a poet. 丘吉爾不僅是一位政治家，還是一位詩人。Never in all my life have I heard such nonsense. 我從未聽到過這種胡說！ 真題重現(xiàn)【CET-6：2007.12】 The

20、witness was told that under no circumstances_.(他都不應(yīng)該對(duì)法庭說謊)參考答案：should he lie to the court.【CET-6：2007.1】 _(直到截止日他才寄出) his application form. 參考答案Not until the deadline did he send (out)273the more, the more結(jié)構(gòu)中的倒裝。【CET-4：2006.6】90. The more you explain, _(我愈糊涂). 參考答案：the more confused I am28 四、非謂語動(dòng)詞非謂

21、語動(dòng)詞主要包括不定式、動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。 非謂語動(dòng)詞的考點(diǎn)主要有：1英語中大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞既可跟不定式，也可跟動(dòng)名詞作直接賓語，但有些動(dòng)詞要求： 1)下面的動(dòng)詞要求不定式做賓語attempt企圖mean意欲，打算determine決定pretend假裝 decide決定hesitate猶豫 hope希望 intend想要 refuse拒絕decide決定等 真題重現(xiàn)【CET-4：2007.6】Because of the leg injury, the athlete (決定退出比賽).參考答案：decided to quit the match.【CET-6：2007.12】The Foreign

22、 Minister said he was resigning, _.(但他拒絕進(jìn)一步解釋這樣做的原因)參考答案：while he refused to further explain why./while he refused to make further explanation for doing so.292)下面的動(dòng)詞要求不定式做賓補(bǔ)：動(dòng)詞+賓語+動(dòng)詞不定式enable使能夠 ask要求，allow允許 force強(qiáng)迫 press迫使 inspire鼓舞 request請(qǐng)求 help幫助 invite吸引，邀請(qǐng)encourage鼓勵(lì) 等 真題重現(xiàn)【CET-4：2006.12】Spec

23、ialists in intercultural studies says that it is not easy to (適應(yīng)不同文化中的生活)參考答案：adapt oneself to life in different cultures.【CET-6：2007.1】After the terrorist attack, tourists （被勸告暫時(shí)不要去該國(guó)旅游）.參考答案：were advised/suggested not to go to that country as their tourism destination for the present.303)有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞只能用動(dòng)

24、名詞作賓語dislike不喜歡，討厭appreciate 感激，欣賞avoid避免 enjoy享有，喜愛cant help不 禁 escape逃跑，逃避cant stand受不了 deny否認(rèn) mind 介意 finish完成，結(jié)束不得 postpone延遲，延期hate討厭等I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.我很感激兩年前給我出國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)。312非謂語動(dòng)詞中的有關(guān)句型 （1）動(dòng)名詞作主語的句型 1) It is + no use, no good (fun, a grea

25、t pleasure, a waste of time, a bore.)等名詞+doing sth. It is no good objecting. 反對(duì)也沒有用。It is a great fun playing football打籃球很有趣2)It is + useless (nice, good，interesting, expensive等形容詞)+ doing sthIt is good Playing chess after supper晚飯后弈棋挺好。32 五、強(qiáng)調(diào)句 It is/was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who 對(duì)于這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)，需要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的系動(dòng)詞除is

26、和was之外，沒有其他形式的變化;被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分如果是人，可以用who, 也可以用that,其他情況用that（常識(shí)性知識(shí)，一般不能作為考點(diǎn)）。在notuntil句型里，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)由until所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，not須跟在until之前，即構(gòu)成It is not untilthat結(jié)構(gòu)。33 It is because she is too inexperienced that she does not know how to deal with the serious situation.她不知道如何應(yīng)對(duì)這種嚴(yán)重情況是因?yàn)樗狈?jīng)驗(yàn)了。It is because the water had risen that they could not cross the river.正是因?yàn)樗疂q了，他們沒有渡過河去。注：強(qiáng)調(diào)的如果是原因狀語從句，只能由because引導(dǎo)，不能由since, as或why引導(dǎo)。It was not until the second year that he has adap