英國(guó)文學(xué)史填空題

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專(zhuān)心-專(zhuān)注-專(zhuān)業(yè)專(zhuān)心-專(zhuān)注-專(zhuān)業(yè)精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專(zhuān)心-專(zhuān)注-專(zhuān)業(yè)=Beowul= can be termed Englands national epic and its hero Beowulfone of the national heroes of the English people. 貝奧武夫（有記載的最早的一部英國(guó)文學(xué)作品）The literature of Anglo-Saxon period falls naturally into two divisions, -=( Pagan ) and Christian=.

2、 The former represents the poetry which the Anglo-Saxons probably brought with them in the form of =oralsagas=, -the crude material out of which literature was slowly developed on English soil; the latter represents the =writings= developed under teaching of the monks. 盎格魯-撒克遜時(shí)期的文學(xué)自然地分成兩個(gè)部門(mén),(異教徒)和基督

3、教。前者代表了詩(shī)歌的盎格魯撒克遜人可能帶來(lái)的形式口頭傳說(shuō), 原油材料文獻(xiàn)在慢慢開(kāi)發(fā)英語(yǔ)土壤; 他后者代表作品在教學(xué)的僧侶。The Song of Beowulf reflects events which took place on the =EuropeanContinent =approximately at the beginning of the 6th century, when the forefathers of the Jutes lived in the southern part of the =Scandinavian peninsula=.The old English

4、 poetry can be divided into two groups: the =secular =poetry and the =religious= poetry. 世俗詩(shī)歌和宗教詩(shī)歌。=(Beowulf)= is the oldest poem in the English language, and also the oldest surviving epic in the English language. 史詩(shī)II._c_ is the first important religious poet in English literature. 凱德蒙（公元7世紀(jì)盎格魯-撒克

5、遜基督教詩(shī)人）A. John Donne B. George Herbert C. Caedmon D. MiltonIn Anglo-Saxon period, Beowulf represented the _=pagan=_ poetry. 異教徒；無(wú)宗教信仰者1. In the year =1066=, at the battle of =Hasting= 黑斯廷（英國(guó)東薩塞克斯郡瀕臨加來(lái)海峽的城市）, the Normans headed by William, Duke of Normandy, defeated the Anglo-Saxons.2. The literature

6、 which Normans brought to England is remarkable for its bright, romantic tales of =love and adventures=, in marked contrast with the =strength and somberness= of Anglo-Saxon poetry. 盎格魯撒克遜提倡力量和暗淡3. The literature of the Anglo Norman period was of three classes: the matter of _; matter of _; matter o

7、f _. 4. After the =Norman= Conquest, feudal system was established in English society. 5. the most prevalent kind of literature in feudal England was =romance=. It was a long composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventure of a noble hero. Geoffrey Chaucer杰弗里喬叟

8、(Geoffrey Chaucer，1342年-1400年)，英國(guó)中世紀(jì)著名作家，出生于一個(gè)酒商家庭。1359年隨愛(ài)德華三世的部隊(duì)遠(yuǎn)征法國(guó)，被法軍俘虜，不久以黃金贖回。I. 1. Geoffrey Chaucer, the “=fatherofEnglishpoetry=” and one of the greatest narrative poets敘事詩(shī)人 of England, was born in London in or about the year 1340.2. Being especially fond of the great =Italian= writer Boccac

9、cio, Chaucer composes a long narrative poem =Troilus and Cressie=, based upon Boccaccios poem Filostrato Chaucers.3. Chaucer greatly contributed to the founding of the English literary language, the basis of which was formed by the =London= dialect, so profusely豐富的 used by the poet.4. Chaucers maste

10、rpiece is杰作=The Canterbury Tales=坎特伯雷故事集（著作名）, one of the most famous works in all literature.5. The Prologue序言 is a splendid masterpiece of Romantic portrayal, the first of its kind in the history of English literature. 序言是一個(gè)輝煌的杰作的浪漫形象,首次在英語(yǔ)文學(xué)的歷史。 6. In his greatest work, The Canterbury Tales, Chau

11、cer created a strikingly brilliant and picturesque panorama of his time and his country.在他最偉大的作品,坎特伯雷故事集中,喬叟創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)驚人的才華橫溢,風(fēng)景如畫(huà)的時(shí)間和國(guó)家的全景。Chaucers work is permeated with buoyant free-thinking, so characteristic of the age of Renaissance whose immediate forerunner Chaucer thus becomes.英國(guó)浪漫文學(xué)當(dāng)之無(wú)愧的先驅(qū)The 1

12、6th century in England was a period of the breaking up of _feudal_ relations and the establishing of the foundations of _ capitalism _.The 16th century was a time when, according to Thomas More, “sheep devoured man”.The term Renaissance originally indicated a revival of classic Greek and Roman arts

13、and sciences after the dark ages of obscurantism. 文藝復(fù)興一詞最初顯示的復(fù)興古典希臘和羅馬藝術(shù)與科學(xué)在蒙昧主義的黑暗時(shí)代。King Henry the VIII broke off with the Pope, dissolved all the monasteries and abbeys in the country, confiscated their lands and proclaimed himself head of Church ofEngland. 國(guó)王亨利八世與教皇斷絕了,解散了所有的修道院和修道院,沒(méi)收他們的土地,宣布自己

14、成為英格蘭教會(huì)的負(fù)責(zé)人。 The old English aristocracy having exterminated in the course of Warofthe Roses, a new nobility, totally dependent on the kings power, came to the fore. 古老的英國(guó)貴族消滅在玫瑰戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的過(guò)程中,新貴族,完全依賴(lài)國(guó)王的權(quán)力,開(kāi)始嶄露頭角。At the beginning of the 16th century the outstanding humanist ThomasMore wrote his Utopia in w

15、hich he gave a profound and truthful picture of the peoples sufferings and put forward his ideal of a future happy society.Edmund Spenser埃德蒙斯賓塞（人名） was the author of the greatest epic poem of the time, The Faire Queen.The greatest of the pioneers of English drama was William Shakespeare who reformed

16、 that genre in England and perfected the language and verse of dramatic works. 最偉大的英國(guó)戲劇是莎士比亞改革的先驅(qū),在英格蘭和完善語(yǔ)言和詩(shī)歌流派的戲劇作品。William Shakespeare was born on the 23rd of April, 1564, in Stratford-upon-Avon史特拉福, Warwickshire.Hamlet speaks the famous “To be, or not to be”Shakespeares sonnets fall into two ser

17、ies: The first 126 sonnets are addressed to a young man, and the rest (except the last two ones) are addressed to dark lady.黑暗淑女The four great tragedies in Shakespeares mature period are Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Macbeth. 哈姆雷特,奧賽羅,李爾王和麥克白。Pope describe Francis Bacon as “the wisest, brightest, a

18、nd meanest of mankind”. 教皇培根描述為“最聰明的,最聰明的,最差的人類(lèi)”。Of Bacons literary works, the most important are the Essays.The 17th century was a period when absolute monarchy impeded the further development of capitalism in England and the bourgeoisie could no longer bear the sway of landed nobility. 17世紀(jì)是一個(gè)君主專(zhuān)制

19、時(shí)期阻礙了資本主義的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展,在英格蘭和資產(chǎn)階級(jí)再也無(wú)法忍受貴族地主的影響。There are religious division and confusion and a long bitter struggle between the peoples Parliament and the Throne- Puritans fighting against the Cavaliers who helped the king.清教徒與騎士In 1653, Oliver Cromwell imposed a military dictatorship on the country; after

20、 his death monarchy was again restored. It was called the period of the Restoration. 1653年,克倫威爾強(qiáng)加一個(gè)軍事獨(dú)裁國(guó)家,君主在他死后又恢復(fù)。它被稱(chēng)為復(fù)辟時(shí)代。In 1688, the Glorious Revolution took place.The Glorious Revolution meant three things: the supremacy of Parliament,議會(huì) the beginning of modern England, and the final triumph o

21、f the principle of political liberty.The puritans believed in simplicity of life. 清教徒信奉簡(jiǎn)樸的生活。Restoration created a literature of its own that was often wittyandclever, but on the whole immoralandcynical. The most popular genre was that of comedy whose chief aim was to entertain the licentious aristo

22、crats. 恢復(fù)了自己的文學(xué),內(nèi)容詼諧幽默,聰明,但總的來(lái)說(shuō)不道德的、憤世嫉俗的。最常見(jiàn)的類(lèi)型是喜劇的主要目的是為了娛樂(lè)那些放肆的貴族。The first thing to strike the reader is Donnes extraordinary frankness and penetrating realism. The next is the _ cynicism _ which marks certain of the lighter poems and which represents a conscious reaction from the extreme _ idea

23、lism _ of woman encouraged by the Petrarchan tradition.The poems of John Donne belong to two categories: the youthful love lyrics, and the latter sacred verses. 約翰多恩的詩(shī)歌屬于兩類(lèi):年輕的愛(ài)歌詞,后者神圣的經(jīng)文。Milton opposed the Monarchic party and gave all his energies to the writing of pamphlets dedicated to the people

24、s liberties. 彌爾頓反對(duì)君主的黨,給了他所有的精力寫(xiě)小冊(cè)子致力于人民的自由。Paradise Lost tells how Satan rebelled against God and how Adam and Eve were driven out of Eden.Paradise Lost presents the authors views in an allegorical form.寓言形式Paradise Lost consists of twelve books. It is based on the Biblical legend of the imaginary

25、progenitors of the human raceAdam and Eve. 失樂(lè)園由十二個(gè)書(shū)。它是基于圣經(jīng)傳說(shuō)虛構(gòu)的祖細(xì)胞的人類(lèi)race-Adam和夏娃。John Miltons Paradise Lost ends with the departure of Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden. Paradise Lost is a long epic divided into 12 books, the stories of which are taken from The Old Testament. 舊約。Milton gave us t

26、he only _ epic 敘事詩(shī)_ since Beowulf, and Bunyan 班揚(yáng)（姓氏）；英國(guó)的傳教士gave us the only great _ allegory _.寓言Bunyans most important work is Pilgrims Progress, written in the old-fashioned, medieval form of _ allegory_ and _dream _.The Pilgrims Progress is the most successful religious allegory in the English la

27、nguage. The Pilgrims Progress begins with a man called Christian setting out with a book in his hand a great load on his back from the city of Destuction._ John Donne _is famous for his metaphysical conceit, that is, a comparison between the two strikingly resembling objects. 約翰多恩所在的著名的為他的形而上學(xué)的自負(fù),也就

28、是說(shuō),兩個(gè)驚人地類(lèi)似對(duì)象之間的比較。Samson Agoniste was written by John Milton. “If thou beest hebut oh how fallen! How unchanged /From him!who in the happy realms of light,/clothed with transcendent brightness,/didst outshine/Myriads, though bright” are the lines from Miltons Paradise Lost spoken to Beelzebub by Sat

29、an.The enlighteners repudiate拒絕 the false religious doctrines主義 about the viciousness墮落 of human nature, and prove that man is born kind and honest, and if he becomes depraved,墮落腐化 it is only due to the influence of corrupted social environment.We study eighteenth century writings in three main divi

30、sion s: the reign of so-called, the revival of romantic poetry, and the beginnings of the modern novel.The 18th century England is known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason. 理性時(shí)代“If the censure of Yahoos could any way affect me, I should have great reason to complain that some of them a

31、re so bold as to think my book of travels a mere fiction out of mine own brain.” This quotation is selected from Gullivers Travels.格列夫游記The Yahoos are attacked by the writer named Jonathan Swift喬納森斯威夫特 in his fantasy work bearing the title Gullivers Travels.The image of an enterprising Englishman of

32、 the 18th century was created by Daniel Defoe in his famous novel Robinson Crusoe.Henry Fielding has been regarded as “_”, for his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel. (Father of the English Novel)In his world-famous novel Tom Jones Jonathan Swift typified the bourgeois

33、 world, drew ruthless pictures of the depraved aristocracy and satirically portrayed the whole of the English State system.The exciting tale of Robinson Crusoe is largely _ anadventure _ story, rather than the study of human character. 魯賓遜漂流記的激動(dòng)人心的故事主要是_一個(gè)冒險(xiǎn)_的故事,而不是人類(lèi)性格的研究。Jonathan Swift was born of

34、 English parents in DublinIreland.Of all the romantic poets of the 18th century, Blake is the most independent and the most original.The Songs of Experience are in marked contrast with The Songs of Innocence. The brightness of the earlier work gives place to a sense of gloom and mystery, and of the

35、power of evil.Robert Burns poetry is bone of the bone and flesh of the flesh of the Scottish common people. 羅伯特彭斯Elegy Witten in a Country Churchyard by Thomas Gray is taken as a model of sentimentalist poetry, esp. the Graveyard SchoolFriday is a character in the novel Robinson Crusoe.Auld Lang Syn

36、e written by Robert Burns deals with friendship and has long become a universal parting song of all the English-speaking countries. 往時(shí)由羅伯特伯恩斯處理友誼和長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)成為一個(gè)普遍的所有英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的離別之歌。Romanticism as a literary movement came into being in England early in the latter half of the _18th_centuryWilliam Blake and Robert

37、 Burns represented the spirit of what is usually called Pre-Romanticism.With the publication of William Wordsworths _Lyrical Ballads_ in collaboration with S. T. Coleridge, romanticism began to bloom and found a firm place in the history of English literature.The Romanticism was generally influenced

38、 by the Industrial Revolution and _.Liberty, equality and fraternity 自由、平等、博愛(ài)were the watchwords of the French Revolution.The eighteenth century was distinctively an age of _prose_. The Age of Wordsworthlike the Age of Shakespearewas decidedly an age of _poetry_.In 1798, _William Wordsworth _and Sam

39、uel Taylor Coleridge published a joint volume of poetry entitled Lyrical Ballads, which became a landmark in English poetry. (William Wordsworth)Many of Wordsworths poems in the Lyrical Ballads were devoted to the position of landless and homeless peasants. 華茲華斯關(guān)心無(wú)家可歸者。In his poems Wordsworth aimed

40、at simplicity & purity of the language, fighting against the conventional forms of the 18th century poetry. 簡(jiǎn)答和純真The definition that “all good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” was written by _ in _. (William Wordsworth, Lyrical Ballads) 抒情詩(shī)集（書(shū)名）Beauty is Truth, Truth Beauty,”

41、 that is allYe know on earth, and all ye need to know.This quotation is selected from _Ode on a Grecian Urn_ by _John Keats_.希臘古甕頌（濟(jì)慈詩(shī)歌）Childe Harolds Pilgrimage is a _travelogue_旅行見(jiàn)聞講演_ narrated by a melancholy, passionate, well-read and very eloquent tourist.Byron chose for his poems the poem stan

42、za._Don Juan_, Byrons greatest work, was written in the prime of his creative power, in the years 1818-1823.As a leading Romanticist, Byrons chief contribution is his creation of the “Byronic Hero”, a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin. The long narrative poem the story of Endymion, the

43、Latmian shepherd beloved by the moon-goddess, _Selene_, was published in 1818.The English Romantic period produced two major novelists: Scott and Jane Austen In all Austens novels the love-making of her young people, though serious and sympathetic, is subdued by _ to the ordinary plane of emotion on

44、 which most of us live.Austens style is _elegant_ and _satirical_。奧斯丁風(fēng)格高雅諷刺The Bennets were speedily pronounced to be the luckiest family in the world, though only a few weeks before when Lydia had first run away, they had been generally proved to be marked out for misfortune.This quotation is selec

45、ted from _ by _. (Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen)The precisian may limit the Victorian period to the years between the Queens accession in 1837 and her death in _ 1901 _, but a new era really began with the passage of the Reform Bill in 1832and closed at the end of the Boer War in -_ 1881.The awak

46、ened workingclasswriters is the predominant theme in Early Victorian literature. 喚醒工人階級(jí)早期維多利亞文學(xué)作家是主要的主題。The picture in _ OliverTwist (1838) by Dickens is of the typical workhouse in the years before experience and protests introduced ameliorating modifications in the administration of the law. The repeated upsurge of Chartist 憲章派agitation forced the ruling classes in England to make certain concessions, resulting in the Repeal of the Corn L